• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 II
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• pp.897-902
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• 2001

This paper describes the evaluation of noise influence for residental and boundary areas in 75MW thermal power plant. It includes the measurements of noise level around the boundary area of the plant, identification of noise propagating path, and discussion on the measures. Noise assessments are carried out based on the ISO 3744, ISO 9613-1 and ISO 9613-2 to predict the noise distribution of specific locations from the noise sources such as power transformers, flash vent-pipe, I.D.fan, and stack. It is identified the vent-pipe of flash tank in thermal power plant as the root cause of the environmental noise during the plant commissioning process.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.280-292
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• 2019

본 연구는 부산의 대표적 상업 공간인 센텀 신세계백화점을 대상으로, 실내 휴게 공간과 가구 디자인 현황을 파악하고, 가구를 중심으로 한 방문객의 이용 행태 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 상업공간에서 공공의 영역이라고 할 수 있는 휴게 공간 디자인이 방문객의 특성과 행태를 지원하고 있는지를 파악하여 추후 상업 휴게 공간 디자인을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구방법은 현장 방문 관찰을 진행해 휴게공간에서 각 층별 휴게공간의 위치, 휴게가구 디자인의 유형과 디자인 특성을 파악한 후, 주요 층별 휴게 가구 이용자의 특성과 행태를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 휴게공간과 가구를 분석한 결과 휴게공간의 위치나 크기는 적절하다고 여겨진다. 또한 휴게 가구는 베이지에서 브라운, 밝은 회색에서 블랙에 이르는 저채도의 편안한 색채에 부채형, 호형 벤치, 소파, 의자 형 등 다양한 디자인으로 제공되어 있어, 쉬기, 휴대폰 사용, 대화와 같은 가장 일반적인 이용 행태를 적절히 지원하고 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.132-151
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• 1988

This study was conducted to establish the control program for preventing unfavorable health effects of nitrogen dioxide($NO_2$) exposure in homes by preparing the fundamental data for evaluation of relation-ships between $NO_2$ levels and influencing factors through measurements of indoor-outdoor $NO_2$ levels and personal $NO_2$ exposures for housewives with questionnaire survey on 172 homes in Pusan area from April to June, 1987 $NO_2$ measurements were made by using diffusion tube samplers(Palmes tube $NO_2$ sampler) for one week at 4 sites in homes ; kitchen(KIT), bedroom(BED), living room(LIV), outdoor(OUT) and near the collar of housewives(personal exposure livel, PNO). The details of questionnaire were number of household members(FAM), number of regular smokers (SMOKER), daily number of meals eaten(MEAL), type of housing units(HOUSE), location of house with distance from the heavy traffic roads as walking time(DIST), and of kitchen(KAREA), kind of cooking fuels(FUEL), cooking time of each meal(CTIME), usage of kitchen fan for cooking(FAN), type of heating facilities(HEAT) and so on of subject homes. The Obtained results were as fellows : 1) The mean $NO_2$ level was significantly higher at indoors than outdoors(p<0.01) and the kitchen $NO_2$ level was the highest with $33.7{\pm}13.6ppb$(9.5-81.5ppb). The mean personal exposure level of $NO_2$ for housewives was $20.6{\pm}8.8ppb$(3.1-46.9ppb). 2) The mean indoor $NO_2$ level was significantly higher in the group of household members above 5 than below 4(p<0.05), in detached dwellings than apartments(p<0.001), within 5 minutes of distance than over 5 minutes(p<0.001), in the group of unusing fan(p<0.001), in the group of longer cooking time(p<0.001), and it was in order of coal briquette, gas, electricity and oil by kind of cooking fuels(p<0.05). 3) Variables showing significant correlation(p<0.001) with indoor $NO_2$ level were kitchen $NO_2$ level(r=0.8677), cooking time(r=0.5921), outdoor $NO_2$ level(r=0.5192), personal $NO_2$ exposure level(r=0.4615), usage of kitchen fan(r=0.3573) and location of house(r=-0.2988) 4) As a result of multiple regression analysis, the most significant influencing variable to the kitchen $NO_2$ level was cooking time[KIT=$-0.378{\pm}11.772$(CTIME)+0.298(OUT)+3.102(FAN)], it was kitchen $NO_2$ level to the indoor $NO_2$ level[IND=6.996+0.458(KIT)+0.230(OUT)-1.127(KAREA)], and it was indoor $NO_2$ level to the personal $NO_2$ exposure level[PNO=15.562+0.729(IND)-4.542(DIST)-0.200(KIT)] 5) It was recognized that aritificial ventilation in the kitchen, suppression of unnecessary combustion and replacement of cooking fuel, as much as possible, were effective means for decreasing indoor $NO_2$ levels in homes.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.639-660
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• 1996

The lowest formation of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup, the Nakdong Formation, unconformably overlies the gneiss complex basement in Hadong, Gyeongsangnam-do and Gwangyang, Chullanam-do. The Nakdong Formation of the study area is 500-600 m thick and occurs as a belt shape. Based upon lithology, sedimentary structure, and bedding geometry the formation consists of three conglomerate facies (Gd, Gn, Gic), five sandstone facies (Sh-n, Sh-i, Sp, Sr, Sm), and four mudstone facies (Mf, Mfn, Mc, Mv). Sandstone facies are the most prominent in the study area. The twelve facies can be grouped into five facies associations. The depositional settings are elucidated from analyses of 12 facies and five facies associations of the formation. The lower part of the Nakdong Formation was deposited in alluvial plain, and the middle and upper parts were in a riverine system. The lithologies of the Nakdong Formation of the Gyeongsang Basin have been considered to consist of generally conglomerates and pebbly sandstones that were accumulated in alluvial fans. But the common lithology of the study area is sandstone which was formed in lower part of alluvial fan or fluvial setting. It is supposed that the coarser sedimentary sequence distributed west to the study area should be eroded out after deposition and early uplift, and the finer sandstone sequence in the east remains behind. The mineral composition of sandstones and the clast composition of conglomerates indicate that the Nakdong Formation was derived mainly from the metamorphic source rocks. Some reworked intraclasts were also supplied from the intrabasinal sedimentary layers. Paleocurrent data collected from cross-beddings, ripple marks, asymmetric sand dune suggest that most sediments were transported from north to south during the Nakdong Formation time.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.69-82
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• 2012

Our Team Approach consists of following five stages; (1) Peri-natal care until lip repair After ultrasound diagnosis, some obstetricians recommend the mother with CL/P fetus to undergo prenatal counseling in our CLP clinic. On the day the CL/P baby was born, our oral surgeon, nurse, and pedodontist visit the maternity clinic, and take counseling and take impression for a feeding plate. The cheiloplasty is performed in three months old. (2) From lip repair to palatal repair At one year of age, Otorhinolaryngologist checks middle-ear disease. Palatoplasty is carried out at 1.5 - 2 years old. (3) In deciduous and early mixed dentitions Speech is the most important issue in social life for the CL/P subjects, therefore the training of velopharyngeal function is essential. Orthodontist monitors dentofacial development from 5 years of age. In the case of severe maxillary under-growth or severe collapse, maxillary protractor or lateral expansion is indicative, respectively. In early mixed dentition, upper central incisor on the cleft area erupts with some torsion, and then the traumatic occlusion with tooth torsion must be corrected. (4) In mixed dentition Right before the eruption of upper canines, secondary bone grafting is performed. One year prior to the operation, maxillary fan-type expansion is carried out to correct the collapse of maxillary segments. Following the surgical operation, the erupted canine will be moved into the transplanted bone to avoid alveolar resorption. (5) In permanent dentition Final tooth alignment is carried out after eruption of second molars. Some cases may require orthognathic surgery after physical maturation. Prosthetic oral rehabilitation including the dental-implant is carried out after age eighteen.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.204-217
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• 2013

본 연구는 대구광역시 달성군에 위치한 유가 선상지를 대상으로, 지형면의 특성과 퇴적물 분석 및 OSL 연대 측정을 실시하여, 유가 선상지의 형성과정을 구체적으로 설명하였다. 유가 선상지는 3개(YG-F1, YG-F2, YG-F3)의 지형면으로 분류되며, 하도의 경사도 감소가 아니라 좁은 하곡에서 넓은 평지로 흘러나온 유수의 수리기하학적 변화에 의한 퇴적작용으로 형성되었다. 유가 선상지는 지난 최종 간빙기가 시작되면서 침식기준면의 상승으로 퇴적작용이 우세해지면서, 약 11만 년 전(MIS 5.4) 경에, 용리천이 다량의 암설을 퇴적하여 YG-F3 지형면이 형성되었다. 이후, 하곡과 지형면의 삭박이 꾸준히 발생하다가, 최종 빙기 내 아간빙기(MIS 3)가 시작되고, 국지적 및 계절적으로 강수량 및 하천 유량에 변화가 발생하면서, 암설류, 토석류, 이류, 하천류 등에 의해 YG-F2 지형면이 형성되었다. 그 이후에도 단기적인 기후 변화 및 일시적인 기후 사건에 의해 매적과 삭박이 반복적으로 발생하다가, 최종 빙기의 최성기(MIS 2)에 토석류 또는 이류에 의해 YG-F1 지형면이 형성된 것으로 판단된다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.561-564
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• 2009

화학적 바인더를 사용하여 활성탄을 고정화시킨 필터 여재(filter media)와 바인더를 사용하지 않고 니들펀치 공정으로 제조한 필터여재를 비교해 보았다. 제조된 콤비네이션 필터는 실차의 내용적과 비슷한 크기의 챔버 내부의 차량용 송풍기에 장착하여 가스제거 효과를 평가하여 보았다. 화학적 바인더를 사용한 캐빈에어필터는 바인더에 의해 활성탄의 흡착기공이 막혀 아세트알데히드 제거 효과가 감소하리라는 예측과 반대로 니들펀칭 공정으로 제조한 필터에 비해 아세트알데히드 1 min 및 30 min 제거효율이 더 높게 나타났다. 니들펀칭 공정에 따르면 활성탄의 소수성결합력(hydrophobic interaction)으로 인해 화학적 바인더를 사용한 캐빈에어필터보다 공극면적(void area)이 상대적으로 더 넓은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2017

Objective : To investigate the morphological and hemodynamic parameters associated with middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysm rupture. Methods : A retrospective study of 67 consecutive patients was carried out based on 3D digital subtraction angiography data. Morphological and hemodynamic parameters including aneurysm size parameters (dome width, height, and perpendicular height), longest dimension from the aneurysm neck to the dome tip, neck width, aneurysm area, aspect ratio, Longest dimension from the aneurysm neck to the dome tip (Dmax) to dome width, and height-width, Bottleneck factor, as well as wall shear stress (WSS), low WSS area (LSA), percentage of LSA (LSA%) and energy loss (EL) were estimated. Parameters between ruptured and un-ruptured groups were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristics were generated to check prediction performance of all significant variables. Results : Sixty-seven patients with MCA bifurcation aneurysm were included (31 unruptured, 36 ruptured). Dmax (p=0.008) was greater in ruptured group than that in un-ruptured group. D/W (p<0.001) and the percentage of the low WSS area ($0.09{\pm}0.13$ vs. $0.01{\pm}0.03$, p<0.001) were also greater in the ruptured group. Moreover, the EL in ruptured group was higher than that in unruptured group ($6.39{\pm}5.04$ vs. $1.53{\pm}0.86$, p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis suggested D/W and EL were significant predictors of rupture of MCA bifurcation aneurysms. Correlation analyses revealed the D/W value was positively associated with the EL (R=0.442, p<0.01). Conclusion : D/W and EL might be the most two favorable factors to predict rupture risk of MCA bifurcation aneurysms.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.753-762
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• 1998

A domestic refrigerator is composed of many components such as a compressor, evaporator, capillary tube, and the cabinet which plays a great role on the cycle performance, even if it is not the basic component part in the cycle. Recently, the restriction policy on the energy-saving and environmentally friendly refrigerator is reinforced in our nation as well as developed countries. Therefore, in this paper, cycle simulations and experiments were carried out ito understand the characteristics of the cycle performance using CFC 12, HFC 134a, and HC 600a and to know how changes in UA(overall heat transfer coefficients$\times$ heat transfer area) of evaporator, the position displacement of compressor, and the rpm of fan in the freezing room which has influence on the cycle performance. The result shows that the quantitative values of simulation and experiment are not coincident, but their trend is similar. When HFC 134a and HC 600a were used without the change of design in refrigerator used CFC 12, the performance of system in HC 600a is 30% lower, and the case of HFC 134a is 10% lower than that of CFC 12 on freezing temperature.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.947-951
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• 2009

LED has the merits of high reliability, semi-permanent life, rapid-response and its small size for use as light source of head lamp. But the dependence of its performance and life on temperature affect on its practical use. Which dependence makes problem when the LED is heated up to a higher temperature level by self-generation of heat, due to "highly integration" to get enough quantity of light. To solve this problem, effective cooling system is needed that consider conduction, convection and radiation. This study points out the limits of natural convection cooling system and propose of forced convection with heat sink. Also, it describes a correlation between heat sink area and fluid velocity using numerical analysis to optimize the cooling system.