• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to describe about elders with dementia, their families, and their living environment by visiting the households where demented elders resided. The findings will be used as a basis to develop future individualized adjustment programs for demented elders and their families living in communities. The study participants were 64 demented elders and their families who were registered to a dementia counseling center at Nam-Gu community health center located in Inchon, Korea. Data were collected for two months, from May to June 2001. The length of data collection for each home visit ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 hours. Conclusion are as follows based on these study findings: Those demented elders had more than one chronic health problem in addition to their pre-existing dementia condition. Two thirds of the demented elders were not receiving any specific treatment for dementia. They showed a moderate level of independence in basic ADL, but were mostly residing at home because of lack of ability to perform more delicate and complicate routine daily activities by themselves. In addition, the primary caregivers were not well adjusted to the care-giving activities for their demented family members due to the lack of knowledge and information about dementia. The caregivers were mostly women including daughters-in-law, woman spouses and daughters, over a half of whom perceived their physical and mental health status as poor. Their image toward the demented elders was considerably negative. while their level of knowledge on dementia was moderate. The burden for the care-giving was high, whereas their coping method was passive. As the difference in image toward elderly before and after the onset of dementia in their family member increases, the caregiver burden also increased. The main resource of social support for the caregivers was their children. The caregivers showed high level of needs for knowledge and information on dementia, and day care service was the most preferred type of service by the caregivers. There was lack of safety in the living environments for the demented elders and their families, and in the surrounding environments to prevent dementia-related symptoms. Considering that home-based family care-giving is the most culturally appropriate model of providing care for the demented elders in Korea, we need to develop and apply an individualized adjustment program for the demented elders and their families.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.132-146
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• 1998

This Study was attempted to provide the basic data necessary in the development and introduction of Home Health Nursing System by investigating the recognition and attitude level of Home Health Nursing System. The data were collected by means of questionaires presented to 74 patients who had been admitted in C general hospital in Chon Ju, from June 30, 1997. As the tool for this study, the questionares developed by Kim Yong. Soon, et al (1990) and Han Bok Hee(1993) were modified and supplemented for the aim of this study. The computer was used for data analysis. The items about the charateristics of the subjects and the attitude to the management plan of Home Health Nursing System were represented as the frequency and percentage. The standard deviation and calculation average were produced on the items related to definition, recognition, necessity, expected effect of the attitude of Home Health Nursing System and the items related to admission. The ANOVA test was .used according to the characteristics of variables to analyze the necessity and difference of Home Health Nursing System. The results of this study were as follows 1) The general characteristics of the subjects were as follows ; for sex, man, $58.1\%$ ; for age, 50-59 years, $29.7\%$ ; for the level of education, high school, $51.4\%$ ; $79.7\%$ of them were married; for the family forms, small family, $73.0\%$ ; and $68.9\%$ of them take the monthly income over 100 million won. 2) The characteristics related to admissions of the subjects were as follows ; for clinic, surgical department, $78.4\%$ ; addmission not more then 7days, $47.3\%$ ; for the operation-performance $71.6\%$ of them were experienced; for the admission route, via outpatients clinic, $54.1\%$ ; for waiting period to the admission day, 1-2 days, $71.6\%$. 3) The difficulties comming from the hospitalization were related mostly to the factor that they felt hospital life more inconvenient than home.(3.66) The reasons for the difficulties in the admission which was due to insufficient beds in the hospital was related to the concentration to the general hospital because of 'The Whole National Medical Insurance System'(4.05). 4) On the previous informations about the Home Health Nursing System, those who have heard of only the name were 42 $(56.8\%)$, and on the recognition of it, they thought that it is periodic treatment by the licenced nurses for the recovering pateints after early discharge(3.73). On the attitude about the necessity of Home Health Nursing System, they thought that it is necessary because of the increasing trend of a psychological disease by the change of environment and complexity of the social structure(4.24). On the expected effect of Home Health Nursing System, they answered that it is convinient for the family of the patient to take care of them(4.l8). 5) On the attitude to the management plan of the Home Health Nursing System, those who had intention to participate in the system in the case of systemic support were 42(56.8). In the visiting time, 'visit periodically' and 'visit when the patient needs' were $28(37.8\%)$ respectively. For the application of medical insurance, if possoble, they will use $(91.9\%)$; for the method of payment for the treatment, 'pay by the time required' was $23(31.1\%)$, for the subject of management, 'National public institute must operate' was $33(44.6\%)$. 6) The relationship between the general characteristics of the subjects and the necessity of Home Health Nursing System showed the notable difference in the age (F=3.508, P<0.05) and marrage state (F=5.402, P<.023).

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2003

Rehabilitation has emerged in recent years as major topic for the handicaped in industrial accident compensation insurance(IACI). Specially social support helps the handicaped adjust themselves psychosocially to handicap. This study was conducted to examine different contents and perceived social support, and provide guidlines for specific and proper rehabilitation for the handicaped of IACI. This study is a descriptive study which were collected through two phases using structured questionnaire. In the first stage, surveys were performed via telephone interviews. In the second stage, surveys were performed via home-visit subjects in the first stage included the handicaped of IACI. Finally data were collected from 338 subjects and analyzes by SPSS/PC+10. The instruments of this study were the perceived social support scale which developed by Lee(1996). These scales in the form of 5-point Likert type, consists of 20 items, including 3 subscales of emotional support, informational support, instrumental support. The mean score of social support was 57.2, emotional support 21.0, informational support 21.2 and instrumental support 15.2. The mean of depression for psychosocial factors is 37.5. Threre were significant differences in total perceived social support; age, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, post-traumatic complication and use of instrument. Emotional support was significant differences; age, number of dependent family, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, use of instrument and depression. Informational support was significant differences; job status, posttraumatic complication, use of instrument and depression. Instrumental support was significant differences; sex, job status, handicaped degree in IACI, use of instrument, and depression. The current system of the Labor Welfare institute is not appropriate for solving health problems of the handicaped in IACI. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the plan which can provide the handicaped in IACI high-quality rehabilitation services, so that they must use those services in the community without being dependent on hospitals. This study proposes home visit nursing services as the way to provide various health services within community for the handicaped in IACI.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.70-107
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• 1992

This study was intended to assess the need of home nursing care and analyze the effect of home nursing care, and find out the problems during the performance of home nursing care for the chronic patients among the low-income people in urban area. Data collection by interview was carried out from Nov. 1991 to Jul. 1992. The main results were as follows; 1) Total subjects for the need assessment of home nursing care were 123 households wi th 488 persons in a urban poor area. Over half of households $(57.7\%)$ was teenage family. The overall living conditions were poor and the average monthly income was 580 thousands won. $74.8\%$ of subjects was covered by medical care insurance and only $4.7\%$ was covered by public assistance. The morbidity rate was $8.2\%$ among 488 subjects and $27.5\%$ of them was not treated at all, $30\%$ was treated in utilizing pharmacies or local clinics. 2) The subjects of home nursing care were 46 with Hypertension or DM who agreeded the participation of study among registered patients at a public health center in Incheon. Home visiting was performed at intervals per one month for one year. Most of them were the elder(mean age=61 years) and long term patients(7.8 years continued). Home nursing care was effective. That is, blood pressure(including systolic and diastolic pressure) was significantly reduced (t(n=22)=2.31, P=.031, t(n=24)=4.16, P=.000 respectively) and knowledge of disease(t(N=46)=-7.63, P=.000), attitude of disease (t(N =46) = -4.92, P=.000), and self-care(t(N =46) = -4.89, P= .000) were significantly improved through home nursing care. But there was no difference in blood sugar for diabetics between the beginning and the end of visits. At the beginning of visit for home nursing care, sex$(\beta=-0414,\;t=-3.012)$ and nursing need({3=.310, t=2.164) were influencing self-care, and duration of disease$(\beta=.297,\;t=2.106)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.385, t=20417)$ were influencing blood pressure, blood sugar level. Namely, the subjects who were male and had higher nursing need showed better self-care and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. At the end of visit for home nursing care after one year, the blood pressure and blood sugar level was influenced by age $(\beta.320,\;t= 2.242)$, duration of disease ($(\beta.352,\;t= 2.395)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.350,\;t=2.623)$ and self-care had no influencing factor. The higher age and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. 3) The problems that were found out during the performance of home nursing care were the absent of useful protocols for services and the clear evaluation base, and the difficulty of teaching elders who were the major part of our subjects.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1995

This study was to examine the awareness of health and the utilization of primary health care in rural areas. The data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire conducted 450 parents of Mi Gum md Su Dong middle school students in Nam yang Ju city, Kyung Gi-Do, Korea, from December 15 to 20 in 1993. The results were as follows : 1) Among the causes of disease, 'insufficient health care' was the highest(39.1%), and 'bad environment'(28.9%), 'complexity of life style'(17.8%) in next order. 2) In the priority between 'daily farm work' and 'primary health care', only 45.6% of respondents answered that primary health care is more important than the daily farm work. The 29.8% of respondents answered 'daily farm work', and the 23.1% answered 'the equal of the both'. 3) The 63.6% of the respondents recognized correctly, the meaning of primary health care. And the rate of information source in primary health care were 'TV and Radio'(42.2%), 'medical facilities'(23.3%), and 'newspaper and magazine'(11.3%) in order. 4) In the choice rate of medical facilities for primary health care, 'drug store' was the highest(34.9%), and 'local private clinic'(34.7%), 'health (sub)center'(15.8%), 'hospital'(10.2%) in next order. 5) The 53.5% of the respondents had experienced to visit the health (sub)center more than once. And the disfavorite reasons of health (sub)center were 'insufficient equipment'(36.7%), 'inavailable time to visit'(26.9%), and 'poor treatment'(9.1%). 6) Among the preference of the physicians for primary health care, 'specialist' was the highest rate of the respondents(54.2%), and 'general practitioner'(32.4%), and 'family doctor'(9.8%) in next order. The major obstacles in utilizing the medical facilities for primary health care were 'daily farm work'(41.6%), 'distance'(21.1%) and 'medical cost'(10.4%) in order. 7) The weakened reasons in health (sub)center function were 'insufficient medical equipment'(44.4%), 'the lack of resident's understanding for health (sub)center'(21.8%), and 'short thought of duty in health (sub)center personnel'(16.9%) in order.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

This study is to analyze consumer's visiting fashion trade area. The purpose of this study, focused on Taegu fashion area, Dongsungro and Bum udong, consumer's spatical beravior, fashion- life-style, clothing purchasing type and Store- Image, etc. This study targeted 580 women aged from 15 to 25 visiting fashion trade area. The methods of measuring include consumer behavior scale, fashion life style scale, clothing purchasing type scale and Stor - Image scale. In process of statistics, the frequency was used to measure consumer's spatical behavior, MANOVA to measure, fashion life style and $\chi^2$ examination was employed to measure clothing purchasing type. The followings are the conclusions of this study ; 1. consumer's spatical behavior by FTA(fashion trade area) : Most people visiting Dongsungro A trade area and Bum udong trade area depart home, while Dongsungro B trade area from school. In case of Bum udong trade area, in particular, more people move from other trade area than people do in Dongsungro trade area. 2. Consumer spatical behavior means by FTA : Bus is far most common transportation. 3. The purpose of visit by FTA : Most people visit Dongsungro B trade area for shopping, while Bum udong trade area for shopping and as a place for appointment. 4. The visiting frequency by FTA : In case of both Dongsungro A.B trade area and Bum udong trade area, at least once a week is most common. Particularly in case of Bum udong trade area, the number of people visiting once every three months and once more than six months is almost same. 5. A company by FTA : People accompanied by the same sex friends are most common in Both Dongsungro A, B trade area and Bum udong trade area in case of Dongsungro B trade area. There is no case of people accompanied by family. 6. The purpose of purchasing fashion comodities by FTA : In case of Dongsungro A trade area for recreation. In case of Dongsungro B trade area and Bum udong trade area, because of affordable price. 7. A Brand - pursued tendency by FTA : Much higher in Dongsungro trade area than Bum udong trade area, among consumers. A character - pursued tendency by FTA : Higher in Dongsungro A than Dongsungro B,A practical tendency and symphatetic tendency Higher in Dongsungro B than Dongsungro A or Bum udong trade area. 8. A Store - Image scale by FTA : The quality of goods is more important to consumers in Dongsungro B than to consumers in Dongsungro A. The data - service and atmosphere are much more important to consumers in Dongsungro B than to consumers in Dongsungro A and Bum udong trade area. The convenience is more important to consumers in Dongsungro B Bum udong trade area than to consumers in Dongsungro A. 9. There is no significant difference among clothing purchasing types by FTA.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.405-418
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the interest level of mothers in oral health. The subjects in this study were 184 mothers whose children attended daycare centers in the city of K. A survey was conducted from March 15 through April 30, 2007, and SPSS WIN 11.5 program was employed to analyze their answer sheets. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. A group of mothers whose children brushed their teeth three times a day on the average made up 55.7 percent of those who were at the age of 35 and under. Among the mothers having three or more children, those mothers accounted for 59.1 percent. The daily mean toothbrushing frequency of children was higher among the better-educated mothers. 2. Concerning dietary and oral guidance, the mothers whose academic background was better curbed their children's excessive sugar intake more often, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.05). As to the importance of oral health by the number of child and academic credential, those who had two children(36.0%) taught them the importance of oral health frequently(pE.01), and the better-educated mothers taught about it often(pE.05). The gap between the groups and the others was significant. 3. As for experience of visiting dental institutions, the working mothers visited dental institutions more often than the stay-at-home mothers, and the gap between them was statistically significant(pE.05). Regarding purpose of the visit, the largest group aimed to get treatment(64.6%), followed by having a dental checkup(14.6%) and receiving preventive treatment(13.5%). As to any inconveniences in using dental institutions, those who were working and who were in the upper income bracket found it more inconvenient to do that because of a long distance or time constraints. The gap between them and the others was significant. 4. In regard to concern for dental care, the mothers who were better educated(pE.001) and whose family income was 3 million won or more had their teeth scaled more often, and the gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.01). The rate of the regular visitors of dental institutions stood at 32.7 percent of the junior-college graduates, 31.0 percent of the mothers receiving college or higher education and 10.1 percent of the high-school graduates(pE.01). And those who earned larger income paid a visit to dental institutions more often and on a regular basis. The gap between them and the others was statistically significant(pE.05).

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.246-259
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the provided home health care services and to evaluate the patient's satisfaction level of received home health care services. Well trained two home health care nurses interviewed with 138 respondents who received home health care by Keimyung University Hospital from January 1st to August 31st 1999. The results were summarized as follows : 1) Among 138 respondents, $55.8\%$ were mail and $44.2\%$ were female and $70.3\%$ of them were over sixty years old. Respondents main family care givers were spouse$(53.6\%)$, daughters and sons$(36.2\%)$ and parents$(7.2\%)$. 2) $60.2\%$ of cancer patients received home health care services, $23.3\%$ of cerebral­cardiovascular patients, $7.5\%$ of endocrine disorder patients, $2.3\%$ of those who have indwelling foley catheter patients, $1.5\%$ of those who have respiratory problems and others$(5.2\%)$. 3) $88.1\%$ of respondents were satisfied with the number of home visits they received. $50.5\%$ of respondents' were received 1 to 3 times of home visits by home health care nurse per month. $48.6\%$ of respondents answered they were introduced by attending doctors or nurses to home health care services. $55.8\%$ of respondents answered registration to home health care services was simple and easy. $97.4\%$ of respondents answered home health care payment system was adequate. $64.9\%$ of respondents answered the cost of home health care per visit was adequate and comfortable. 4) Health education, counselling, physical assessment was provided to most of the patients. Those who suffered with cerebral-cardiovascular disease was needed hands on direct care most of all. The least home health care service provided was medication. 5) The satisfaction measurement tool was composed with 13 items and 3 score scale. The mean score of satisfaction on provided home health care services was 2.67 out of 3. Among 13 items. 'home health care service was kind enough' was highest(2.84). 'nurse use precise word to understand and communicate'. 'nurse gave home visiting notice ahead of time and kept the home visiting promise on time' was 2.83. 'whenever I need home health care nurse I can give a call and meet the nurse' was lowest 2.41. Special Home Health care programs such as comprehensive hospice care programs for elders over sixty years old should be organized. Adequate and standardized home health care payment system should be developed as soon as possible. In korean family situation. when family members are getting sick and stay at home. family members were taking care of the patients. special program such as counselling family members are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was did a meta-analysis of emergency room visits decreased effectiveness of self management education interventions in asthma among adult patients with asthma. Methods : A search of the database PubMed resulted in identifying 8,619 studies done between January 1990 and November 2012. STATA version 10.0 was used to analyze the effect size, explore possible causes of heterogeneity, and determine publication bias with a funnel plot. Results : We included 7 cases on emergency room visits decreased effectiveness of self management and education. Asthmatic patients experienced fewer attacks (summary effect size, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65-0.95). We found that emergency room visits decreased effectiveness of self management and education were associated with statistically significant effects. Conclusions : Based on these finding, self management and education on interventions are necessary to prevent asthmatic attacks in patients and to reduce the severity of the attacks, and self management and education programs are needed in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.114-121
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• 2013

Gwaneumhyeonsanggi is a writing of praise of the incarnated White-robed Gwanseumbosal by Choi Hang which King Sejo witnessed at the top of Damhwajeon during his visit to Sangwonsa Temple. In Gwaneumhyeonsanggi, White-robed Gwaneumhwahyeondo drawn by a painter is attached, which demonstrate the feature of Sangwonsa temple in the early Joseon period. This study aimed to examine the landscape features of Sangwonsa in the early Joseon period by records and picture in Gwaneumhyeonsanggi. As a result, it was determined that the building display, spatial structure, building type and landscape arrangement seemed to be unique compared with other temples. In particular, the treatment of scenic stone(景石) is important in terms of landscape because it complements existing ideas and concepts that the temple landscape was mainly made of water as the main resources. Also the trees around the temple shown in the picture in can be compared with the current state of the data is valuable.