• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the environmental factors and the family structure on the academic achievements of their children. Among various environmental factors, the family income, the affective relationship between mother and child, and the mother's educational involvement are considered. Total of 164 mothers with children attending elementary school completed the structured questionnaires. The degree of educational involvement of single mothers was lower than that of mothers of both parents families. In order to analyze factors that affect children's academic achievement, the path regression was performed. The family income and the mother-child affective relationship were found to have indirect effects on the academic achievements of elementary school students through maternal involvement in their children's education.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the bone mineral density (BMD) and the anthropometric measurements, socioeconomic factors, family history of osteoporosis and other environmental factors affecting BMD in children. One hundred sixty children (80 males, 80 females) in second grade of elementary school in Seoul were recruited; the mean age was 7.7 $\pm$ 0.47 years. Bone mineral density was measured in the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), femoral trochanter (FT), and Ward's triangle (WT) by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Socioeconomic factors, family history of osteoporosis, and other environmental factors were assessed by questionnaire. Bone mineral densities of LS, FN, FT, and WT were 0.677, 0.637, 0.618, and 0.658 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$. BMD of boys was higher than that of girls (LS: 0.685 vs. 0.669, FN: 0.660 vs. 0.614, FT: 0.632 vs. 0.604, WT: 0.678 vs. 0.639 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$). Anthrometric measurements (height, weight relative body weight, circumference of waist and hip) were positively correlated with BMD. With increasing family income, BMD of LS was significantly lowered, and negative correlation was observed between mother's age at birth of subject and the BMD of FN. And the BMD of children with a family history of osteoporosis was significantly lower. However BMDs were not different by educational level of parents, family pattern, delivery term, birth weight, and type of feeding. Further studies are needed to clarify the factors affecting BMD of children and earlier age, included infants and even prenatal life. If any association is revealed and persist until the attainment of peak bone mass, osteoporosis prevention programs are needed to be start very early in the life cycle.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effective factors that influence subjective cognition, conflict degree of work-family balance, and cognition of family strength according to general characteristic factors, working environmental factors, and home environmental factors, as well as analyze the relationships among subjective cognition, conflict degree, and cognition of family strength. The main data source for analysis in this study is the Second National Survey of Korean Families by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family in 2010. The survey includes the analysis of 419 respondents who have a dual income and live with their wife. The collected data are analyzed using SPSS 19.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, subjective cognition of work-family balance is influenced by satisfaction of work, division of housework, and care of family. Second, the conflict degree of work-family balance is influenced by age, working week, and satisfaction with work. Third, the relationship between subjective cognition and conflict degree of work-family balance is a negative correlation. The relationship between subjective cognition of work-family balance and cognition of family strength is a positive correlation but the difference between conflict degree of work-family balance and cognition of family strength is not significant. Finally, for the married men, the working environmental factor is a significant factor for the work-family balance. And the higher the satisfaction of work and division of domestic work, the greater is the balance between work and family. This suggests that they also have a higher cognition of family strength.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2012

Purpose: From the holistic environmental perspective, individual and environmental influences on low-income children's questionable development were identified and examined as to differences in the influences according to the child's developmental stage of infancy (age 0-35 months) or early childhood (age 36-71 months). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional comparative design using negative binominal regression analysis to identify predictors of questionable development separately for each developmental stage. The sample was comprised of 952 children (357 in infancy and 495 in early childhood) from low-income families in South Korea. Predictors included individual factors: child's age and gender; proximal environmental influences: family factors (family health conditions, primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationship, depression in primary caregiver) and institution factors (daycare enrollment, days per week in daycare); and distal environmental influences: income/resources factors (family income, personal resources and social resources); and community factors (perceived child-rearing environment). The outcome variable was questionable development. Results: Significant contributors to questionable development in the infancy group were age, family health conditions, and personal resources; in the early childhood group, significant contributors were gender, family health conditions, grandparent as a primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationships, daycare enrollment, and personal resources. Conclusion: Factors influencing children's questionable development may vary by developmental stage. It is important to consider differences in individual and environmental influences when developing targeted interventions to ensure that children attain their optimal developmental goals at each developmental stage. Understanding this may lead nursing professionals to design more effective preventive interventions for low-income children.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.171-187
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to investigate personality adaptation factors related to life satisfaction of the aged. Personality adaptation factors were classified into four factors(The active-intergration, The dependent-passivity, The failing-overaboundance, The self-negativity). The hypothesises of this study are as follow : (1) Personality adaptation factors can be predited by demographic variables and family environmental variables. (2) Life Satisfaction can be predited by demogaphic variables and family environmental variables. (3) Each personality adaptation factors will be correlated with life satisfaction. For the test of hypothesises, Questionnaries were given to the randomly selected 332 persons over age 60 in Pusan. Questionnaries consist of 4 parts. These are demographic part, family environment part, personality adaptation factor part, and life satisfaction part. The data collected were analyzed by satistical methods such as Case, Percentage Factor Analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Pearson's Correlation. According to the results of the analysis of this study, primary, personality adaptation factor is decided by personal problem. But, this personality adaptation factor of the aged is affected by family environment. Particulary, in the results of the study, frequent communication with their family is more important than physical solidary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.99-114
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• 1991

This study was designed to determine the relative importance of specific family environmental variables and positive self-concept of psychological variables in explaining family life satisfaction. Data were collected from 423 housewives in Daegu City. Multivariate regression and factor analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of this study partially supported the hypothesis that positive self-concept of psychological factors would be more closely associated with family life satisfaction than would family environmental factors. The findings were as follows: 1. Urban housewives' positive self-concept and family life satisfaction were relatively high. 2. Among family environment variables, health, wives' education level, husband's satisfaction with job significantly influence on positive self-concept. 3. The variables which significantly affect family life satisfaction are husband's satisfaction with job, monthly family income, health. 4. From the path analysis, it found that positive self-concept has the most great influence on family life satisfation.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify personal and social environmental factors associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior among elementary school students. Methods: Cross-sectional self-reported data were collected from a conveniently clustering sample population of 1538 grade 5 to 6 students attending 19 elementary schools in Seoul metropolitan city and Gyeonggi province. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: In multiple logistic regression analyses, significant factors that were associated with schoolchildren's physical activity were gender, father's job, social support for physical activity, friend support, participation in school physical education class. Father's education level, mother's job, family functioning and urban residents were significantly associated with TV viewing and gender, age, BMI(obesity), mother's job, family functioning and urban residents were significantly associated with playing computer games among elementary schoolchildren. These results showed that physical activity among elementary school students was most associated with social environmental factors and sedentary behavior among school students was most associated with personal and family environment factors. Conclusion: Health care providers should develop interventions to improve these family and social environmental factors to increase physical activity levels and to decrease sedentary behavior among elementary schoolchildren.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.103-127
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• 1999

The effects of environmental factors on adolescent’s socialization were examined according to the gender. Data were drawn from 1,412 adolescents. A hypothesized model was tested for male and female students separately by the links among housing, family conflicts, parent-adolescent relationship, family stress, peer relations, mass media, school atmosphere, consumption, consumer socialization, and adolescent’s socialization. There was no difference between male and female students in the predictability of the effects of environmental factors on internal and external socialization. For male students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, consumer socialization, peer relations, family stress, mother-adolescent relations, and school atmosphere. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, school atmosphere, consumer socialization, father-adolescent relations, housing, and mother-adolescent relations. For female students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, peer relations, father-adolescent relations, and consumer socialization. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, followed by consumer socialization, mother-adolescent relations, school atmosphere, housing, and peer relations. The findings are consistent with a growing body of literature showing that the environmental factors are related to male & female adolescent’s socialization.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.28-44
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine the associated risk factors for adolescent cigarette smoking. In February 1995, a total of 1793 students from 17 general high schools in Seoul were assessed with a self-completing questionnaire pertaining current smoking status and school.family.peer environmental factors. The results are as follows; 1. The overall proportion of current smoker among students in the study was 17.3%; 27.7% in males and 6.6% in females. 2. There was significant association between smoking status and all school environmental factors (ranks at school, satisfaction at school, study hours after school, extracurricular activity) examined. 3. Siblings smoking in males and family structure in females were significantly associated with the smoking status of students. 4. Functional aspect of family environmental factors, such as APGAR score, parental supervision, attachment to father or to mother were related to smoking status of students. 5. Association with friends who smoke was significantly associated with smoking status of students. 6. In males, association with friends who smoke, ranks at school, siblings smoking were significant positive predictors and APGAR score, parental supervision, attchment to mother were significant negative predictors. In females, association with friends whosmoke, ranks at school, satisfaction at school were significant positive predictors and parental supervision, attchment to father were significant negative predictors. These findings suggest that strategies that influence smoking behavior need to be directed not only to the individual student but also to their peer group, family and school environment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.331-353
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the social resilience group of adolescents exposed to family violence, the influences of environmental protective factors on their social resilience, and buffering effects of environmental protective factors. The sample consisted 795 high-risk group exposed to family violence. The findings are as following. First, 43.3% of adolescents witnessed father-mother violence and 43.1% of adolescents experienced violence by parents had social resilience. Second, the higher level of family support, prosocial characteristics of peer group and other adult's support were more likely to be increased social resilience. Third, prosocial characteristics of family support, prosocial characteristics of peer group and other adult's support had a significant buffering effect moderating negative influence of family violence to their social resilience.