• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 1991

The purposes of this study were to identify causal factors of Anxiety and to analyze correlation between perceived family support and anxiety in hemiplegic patients. The subjects of this study were 88 hospitalized hemiplegic patients at Kyung - Hee Oriental medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with questionaire from Jan. 15 to Mar, 31, 1990. The measurement tools used by this researcher were Kang's family support scale, Spielberger's trait anxiety scale and the other anxiety scale which was developed by this researcher, approved it's reliability and validity. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and the hypothesis was tested by pearson correlation, partial correlation. The results of the study were as follow. 1) The analysis of causal factor of anxiety higher anxiety these three cases ; \circled1 1st causal factor was the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs(2.42$\pm$1.27). \circled2 End causal factor was the dysfunction of physical ability(2.30$\pm$1.29). \circled3 3rd causal factor was difficulty for walking(2.30$\pm$0.83) and the anxiety level(2.02$\pm$0.83) of physical factor was the highest level than any other factors. 2) The hypothesis that the more perceived family support level is the less anxiety level of patient was supported(r＝-.29, p＝.003). 3) The analysis of the general characteristics exerting influences on anxiety level patients ; (sex, age, marrital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalizatiot side of paralysis). In this analysis, any factor has not a statistical significance.(p＞.05). 4) The analysis of the relationship about effective factors of family support level by the general characteristics of patient (sex, age, marrital status, religious, education level, occupation, economic status, experience of hospitalization, care giver, the period of hospitalization, side of paralysis). In this analysis, there was significant difference on perceived family support between married and bereaved patients(t＝-2.68, p＝ .009) As a result of this study, anxiety level of physical factor was higher than any other factors (psychological factor, social factor) and the delayed recovery of paralyzed upper limbs is the largest causal factor of anxiety of physical factor. Meanwhile, the relationship between the degree of family support and the level of anxiety was negatively correlated but the degree of relationship was low. Therefore, one can infer from this study that sufficient information about recovery of physical problems and family support were effective in preventing and reducing anxiety in hemiplegic patient.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.373-379
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• 2013

Background: Although caregiving to patients with terminal illness is known to be a stressful burden to family members, little attention has been focused on work-related problems. We aimed to investigate employment status and work-related difficulties of family caregivers of terminal cancer patients, comparing with the general population. Methods: Using structured questionnaires, we assessed family caregivers of 481 cancer patients determined by physicians to be terminally ill, from 11 university hospitals and the National Cancer Center in Korea. Results: Among 381 family caregivers of terminal cancer patients (response rate, 87.6%), 169 (43.9%) were not working before cancer diagnosis, but currently 233 (63.7%) were not working. Compared with the general population (36.5%), the percentage of not working among the family caregivers was higher (OR=2.39; 95%CI=1.73-3.29). A major reason for not working was to provide assistance to the patients (71.6%). 40.6% of those who continued working and 32.3% of those who not working family members reported extreme fatigue. Caregivers of old age, those who were female, those with a lower household income, and those caring for patients with a low performance status were not working at a more significant rate. Conclusion: Family caregivers of terminal cancer patients suffer job loss and severe work-related difficulties, probably due to caregiving itself and to fatigue. We need to develop supportive programs to overcome the burden of caregivers of the terminally ill.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2014

Background: Informal care is increasingly recognized as placing a significant burden on the lives of family caregivers. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors related to family caregivers' burden with the community-dwelling disabled elderly under the long-term care insurance system, using the Stress Process Model developed by Pearlin (1990). Methods: Total 1,233 family caregivers with the disabled elderly, using the long-term care services in their home from May to June 2009, completed questionnaires finally. The questionnaire of this study consists of a total of 32 questions, including 11 questions related to background and context, 17 questions related to objective stressors, and 4 questions related to coping resourses. Family caregivers' burden is measured by the Korean Revised Caregiving Appraisal Scale (K-RCAS, Cronbach's alpha=0.86). To investigate factors related to family caregivers' burden, multiple regression analysis was conducted. Results: The average score of caregivers' burden was 22.0 (${\pm}6.12$). In multiple regression analysis, there were statistically significant factors affecting on the family caregivers' burden, that are related to background and context (region, living status, education level, relationship with beneficiary), objective stressors (duration of caregiving), coping resourses (caregiver's health status). Conclusion: This study found that family caregivers experience a considerable burden. The findings suggest that policies must be taken to relieve family caregivers of their duties temporarily, and to support them with counselling and education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the influences on physical status and study achievement by the dietary behavior of the youth in Korea. The survey was carried from June to July, 1995 by way of questionnaire to 397 students. The students' study achievement records and physical status were analyzed by the factor of dietary behavior. The results were as follows: 1 The average physical status of male students was lean, but females were standard. 76ft of mothers of the subjects were working in specialty farming. The monthly income of their family was $1000{\sim}1500$ thousand Won and students' pocket money was $20{\sim}40$ thousand Won per month. 2. The aspects of meal behavior included the general idea that the meal was thought to relieve hunger, and preference of taste was spiciness The most important factor of the meals for the students was taste. Their bad meal habits were quick eating and irregularity of meals. 3. There was a significant difference in the comparison of the study achieving records with the frequency of supper However, there was no one meaningful difference between study achievement records and the attendance rate to school, health status, and living conditions. However, there was a significant difference between their study records and eating with family. The students, who had the breakfast and/or supper with family, remarked better study records than other groups. 4. Also, there was a significant difference of study records with physical status. The overweight or obese students had a lower degree of study score (p<0.1). Adolescence is considered a period of setting up dietary behavior, so it is necessary to educate good nutrition and dietary habits for students to keep in healthy physical condition and with high study achievements.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.25-45
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore socio-demographic factors, personality factors, socio-psychological factors, and relationship factors related to happiness of young children's fathers. Method: Subjects of this study were fathers who had 3, 4 and 5 years old children attending childcare centers. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 program. Results: First, father's subjective well-being was predicted by father's extraversion of personality, job satisfaction, satisfaction of economic status, marital intimacy, and relationship with child. Marital intimacy was the strongest predictor of father's subjective well-being. Second, father's global life satisfaction was associated with occupational status, family monthly income, father's extraversion of personality, satisfaction of economic status, marital intimacy, and relationship with child. Father's global life satisfaction was explained by satisfaction of economic status the most. Third, father's meaning of life was related to father's educational level, father's extraversion of personality, job satisfaction, satisfaction of economic status, marital intimacy, and relationship with child. Father's meaning of life was explained by relationship with child the most. Fourth, father's positive emotion was predicted by father's extraversion of personality, job satisfaction, satisfaction of economic status, marital intimacy, and relationship with child. Extraversion of personality was the strongest predictor for father's positive emotion. Fifth, neuroticism of personality and marital intimacy were related to father's negative emotion, and neuroticism of personality was the strongest predictor for father's negative emotion. Conclusions: The findings of this research provide the fundamental source for increasing father's happiness which can be used to establish the educational programs, counseling, and policy on general public's happiness.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.605-614
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among loneliness, life satisfaction, social support and perceived health status, and further to identify factors affecting loneliness among hospitalized patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. A sample of 205 hospitalized patients with pneumoconiosis was recruited from August 10 to 27, 2011. The data were collected using structured questionnaire and were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The mean score of loneliness was very high (46.5). The levels of loneliness depended on several factors including the duration of coalworker caregiver, personality, exercise, hobbies and reported complications. The reported loneliness was significantly correlated with life satisfaction (r=-.204, p=.003). family support (r=-.220, p=.002), professional medical team support (r=-.303, p<.001) and perceived health status (r=-.175, p=.012). The influential factors affecting loneliness were professional medical team support, life satisfaction, and personality, perceived health status, complication and family support, which explained about 21.8% of the variance. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that nursing intervention is needed to reduce loneliness, and to improve the perceived health status, social support and life satisfaction in the hospitalized patient with pneumoconiosis. These results can provide for evidence of nursing intervention to facilitate reduction of loneliness.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2004

In order to investigate the differences of nutrient intakes by the economic status and different age groups and to identify the nutritional risk group and its specific nutrition problem, 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. The subject's numbers of 9,391 were classified into four classes such as low (14.2%), medium (37.2%), high (26.0%), and high above (22.6%) on the basis of the family monthly income and the 2001 Korean minimum cost of living according to the family size. Mean intakes of energy and all nutrients assessed by the RDAs, lipid-energy %, and MAR were increased as the economic status were going up. Na intake expressed per 1,000kcal was in reverse. Nearly a half(45.5%) of the low-income people seemed to take nutritionally inadequate diet in consideration with MAR values. Deficiencies of iron and even energy in the toddlers (1 to 2 years) of low-income class were of great concern. Adolescent age group has been observed that their calcium and iron intakes, and possibly energy, were appeared to be the most deficient among all the age groups regardless of the economic status. For the elderly in all the economic status except high-above class, calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin were commonly deficient nutrients. Calcium deficiency was appeared throughout nearly all the ages except toddlers and all the economic classes. Even in the high-above class 57.3% took insufficient amount of calcium.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to explore how job characteristics, housework factors (reciprocity) and family characteristics influence the health status of a husband and wife. To do this, the study used the ordered probit estimation model. The results of this study were as follows: the status of the husband's health was perceived to be slightly better than that of the wife. age, the husband's job satisfaction and wife's future job prospects were found to impact upon the health status of both the husband and the wife. In addition, the health of the husband was found to be significantly influenced by household income and his wife's perceived fairness of housework. On the other hand, the influencing factors upon the health status of the wife were her education, child caring responsibilities, her husband's future job prospects, as well as the flexibility of her work schedule and hours of work.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2011

Purpose: The study was done to identify factors influencing Yangsaeng in elders. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 907 elders in D metropolitan city. Measures were Yangsaeng, perceived health status, self-efficacy, and self esteem. Data were analyzed using frequencies, means and standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 13.0 version. Results: The mean score for Yangsaeng the participants was 3.56, out of a possible 5. There were significant differences in Yangsaeng according to age, education level, monthly income, marital status, family structure, and periodic health examination. Yangsaeng correlated positively with perceived health status, self-efficacy and self-esteem. According to the research, factors influencing Yangseng in elders were self-esteem, perceived health status, self-efficacy, family structure, and marital status. Conclusion: The positive correlation between Yangsaeng and health promotion behavior and perceived health status, self-efficacy, and self-esteem identified in this study can have an impact on strategies to improve the health of Korean elders. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference for future studies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.620-635
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• 1992

This study identified correlations between perceived family support and hopelessness in patients admitted to Neuro - surgical Intensive Care Units. The purpose was to enhance theoretical understanding of the relationships of these two variables. The subjects of this study were 51 patients admitted to N-lCU, at three general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected by researcher in structured interviews from Aug. 12 to Oct. 13, 1992. The research tools were parts of the Moos Family Environment Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. The general characteristic data were analyzed for frequency and percentage ; the hypothesis was tested by the pearson product Moment Correlation Coefficient. After normality tests by using Kolmogorov - Sminorvtest, and T- test, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal -Wallis test were used on the Family Support and the Hopelessness about general charcteristics. The results of the above analysis were as follows 1) The average family support score for the group was 63.61 (tool average 51) and item average was 3.74 (tool item average 3) : the family support score of this sample was higher than average. The average family cohesion score of family support was 35.25 (tool average 27) and item average was 3.91 (tool item average 3). The average family expression score of family support was 28.35 (tool average 24) and item average was 3.57 (tool average 3). In this sample, perceived family expression was lower than family cohesion. 2) The average hopelessness score was 45.88 (tool average 60) and item average was 2.29 (tool item average 3) : the hopelessness score of this sample was low in comparison to the average. 3) The hypothesis in this study was supported. The main hypothesis that the higher the perceived family support level, the lower the level Of the hopelessness, was Supported (r＝-.3869 p＝.003). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family cohesion level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported(r＝-.3688 p＝.004). The sub-hypothesis that the higher the perceived family expression level, the lower the level of hopelessness, was supported (r＝-.3068 p＝.014). 4) General characteristics of the objects related to family support were ‘economic status’(p＝.025) and ‘helping person’(P＝.044) : the higher the economic status, the greater the family support. When the patient identified the helping person as a spouse, family support was rated more highly. The only general characteristic related to family cohesion was ‘helping person’(p＝.041). No general characteristics were related to family expression. 5) The one general characteristic related to hopelessness was ‘education’(p＝.002) : the higher their education, the lower their hopelessness. For these ICU patients, were related perceived family support and hopelessness, and family expression level was low in comparison to family cohesion level. The perceived family support of these seriously ill patients in situational crisis may have influenced the patient's emotional reaction of hopelessness. This study concluded that nurses in the ICU confirm the family support of the patient, and involve the family as the most intimate support systems in the care of the patient to help reduce the patient's hopelessness.