• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.247-261
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to figure out related factors to the self-reported climacteric symptoms and the relationship among the health promoting behaviors, climacteric symptoms and degree of Sanhujori, the Korean traditional postpartal care. A cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study. The subjects were 108 middle-aged women who were non-hystrectomized and ranged in age from 40 to 60 years. They were selected in seoul and Kyoung-ki province, Korea, Data were collected from Oct.25 Nov. 10, 1997 by a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were the revised health Promotion Lifestyle(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender, and revised Climacteric Symptoms Scale developed by Chi, Sung Ai. the data were analyzed by the SPSS/$PC^+$ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean score of health promoting behaviors was low($2.42{\pm}0.35$). There were statistically significant differences in the score of health promoting behaviors according to the educational background, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not taking a restorative food and degree of Sanhujori, especially the period (t=-2.07, F=2.60~7.57, p<0.05). 2. The mean score of score self-reported climacteric symptoms was 1.69%;99% of middle-aged women had symptoms. There were statically significant differences in the score of middle -aged women's self-reported climacteric symptoms according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving hormon replacement therapy (HRT) or consultation by a professional, perceived health status and self evaluation of Sanhujori(t=-2.04~3.69, F=2.87~11.63, p<0.05). 3. women's degree of Sanhujori was a positive correlation with health promoting behaviors(r=0.34, p=0.00) and negative correlation with the degree of self-reported climacteric symptoms(r=-0.19,p=0.03). 4. The influencing factors to the climacteric symptoms were self actualization, interpersonal support, and perceived health status among the health promoting behaviors with 57% of variance($R^2$=0.57). 5. The middle-aged women's type of coping pattern for the climacteric symptoms was classified as active behavioral coping, spiritual & psychological coping, and negative coping. In conclusion, to intervene the middle aged women's climacteric symptoms and develop nursing strategies for their health, health promoting behavior, especially ; self actualization, interpersonal support, and perceived health status should be considered. And, as the primary prevention strategy for women's health during the period of childbearing and also middle age, especially for the climacteric symptoms, Sanhujori should be reconsidered.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to study how college students cope with their stress and how the level of their self-differentiation affects degrees of stress and stress-coping strategies. The questionnaires were handed to 497 college students at Y university in Gyeongbuk Province and the data were analyzed in terms of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$-coefficient, frequency and percentage, t-test, and regression analysis by using the SPSS statistical package. The results of this study were as follows: 1. For stress level, degree of self-differentiation and stress coping strategies of the college students, the average scores were 3.56, 2.53 and 3.49, respectively in 5-point Likert Scale, indicating that the students possess the above-average score for the degree of self-differentiation and stress-coping strategies and the below-average score for stress levels. 2. From examination of difference verification of stress levels based on the degree of self-differentiation and effect of degree of self-differentiation on stress levels, it was found that the higher is the degree of self-differentiation the lower is the stress level. 3. From examination of difference verification of stress-coping strategies according to the degree of self-differentiation and effect of degree of self-differentiation levels on stress coping strategies, we found that the students of higher degree of self-differentiation exercise the more active stress coping strategies. These results show that the degree of students' self-differentiation is a significant variable that influences their stress levels and stress control methods. It is thought that students' self-differentiation functions to minimize their stress and to actively cope with their stressful situation and that a high degree of self-differentiation is a significant mediator variable that is beneficial to students' mental health. It follows from the above observations that while college students in this study seem to possess good degrees of self-differentiation and stress coping capabilities and low stress levels they need to seek for the ways to improve their degree of self-differentiation by seeing into themselves and relationships with others around them. Parents, schools and consultation agencies are required to take an active hand to educate and encourage them to cope with their stress positively.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the recognition of food allergies and dietary attitudes in elementary school students. For the food allergy symptoms, they responded 'skin trouble' 63.6% the most. For the causing foods of allergies, they responded, 'I don't know the causing foods' 33.5%, 'I was diagnosed' 51.0%, 'I was treated' 63.9%, and therefore 'I restricted foods' 53.5%, due to 'I restricted foods through hospital diagnosis' 40.5% the most. For family history, 67.9% responded the family history matters. 70.3% responded the seasons would not affect to the symptoms. 64.1% responded the cause of food allergy is specific foods. For allergy solution, they responded, 'I don't use any treatment' 42.8% the most. For effective treatment, they responded, 'I restricted causing foods' 45.1% the most. Recognition of food allergies by food allergy experience showed a significant difference in the items such as 'have heard or known about food allergies'(p<.001), 'whether participated in consultation and training'(p<.001), 'problems of growing children when putting limits on causing foods'(p<.001), 'interests in getting information about food allergy'(p<.001), 'feeling the needs of allergy education about careful foods'(p<.01), 'wish for schools to be educated'(p<.01). Dietary attitudes by food allergy experience showed a significant difference in reason of unbalanced diet(p<.001).

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Manpower status of nurse in the Health Centers from 1985 year to 1986 year, Pusu and Kyung Nam area. As the results through the analysis of collected data, the following conclusion has been reached. 1. The number of nurses who worked in the Family Planning in Pusan was largest and the number of nurses in Kyung Nam who worked for Consultation Clinic was the largest both in 1985 and in 1986. 2. Population per Health Center by year; Population per Health Center in Pusan area increased from 351,681 persons 1985 year to 357,884 persons, 1986 year In Kyung Nam area population per Health Center increased from 130,247 persons, 1985 to 130,252 persons,1986 year. 3. Population per Public Health Nurses by year; Population per PHN in Pusan area increased from 30,058 persons, 1985 to 31,120 persons, 1986. But in Kyung Nam area population per PHN decreased from 22,500 persons, 1985 to 16,747 persons, 1986. 4. Activities of Public Health Nurses by clinic; The order of priority activities by PHNs was family Planning in Pusan area and M.C.H in Kyung Nam area. 5. The target population per Public Health Nurse; The target population of M.C.H was the most in Pusan, 1985. In Kyung Nam area the most target population was M.C.H., 1985 year. 6. Number of service per Public Health Nurse; In number of service per PHN, the hightest health nursing service activity in Pusan and was M.C.H in Kyung Nam area.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.259-268
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• 1984

The Korean government launched the medicaid program for the poor people as a wing of the social development and welfare programs beginning in 1977 when the fourth 5-year national economic development program started. The charts of the medicaid recipients who visited Jonglo-Gu Health Center for the period from 1981 to 1983 were reviewed and analysed. Major findings from the analysis are as follows. 1. The medicaid recipients occupied 5.19% in 1981, 2.90% in 1982 and 2.00% among the total residents of Jonglo district in 1983, respectively. 2. The mean number of physician visits per person year of medicaid recipients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center was 4.73 in 1981, 4.90 in 1982 and 4.41 in 1983, respectively. 3. The consultation/referral rate at the Jonglo-Gu Health Center was 2.65% in 1981, 1.77% in 1982 and 2.18% in 1983 while the rate at the department of family practice, Seoul National University Hospital was 3.18% in 1983. 4. Classifying into 17 major categories, the pattern of diseases of the poor outpatients who visited the Hallym College Medical Center both in 1981 and 1982 showed a statistically similar pattern of the 5,169 medicaid patients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981 and 401 patients in 1983. 5. Classifying into 17 major categories, the disease of outpatient visits at the department of family practice, Seoul National University Hospital from 1st May, 1983 to 31s1 Oct., 1983 revealed statistically significant similarity with both the 5,169 medicaid patients in 1981 and the 401 patients sampled in 1983. 6. Classifying into 17 major categories, the diseases of community diagnosis at the Ihwa Dong, Jonglo-Gu also showed a statistically significant similarity with the 5,169 medicaid patients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981. 7. Classifying into 17 major categories, the diseases of 5,169 medicaid patients at Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981 showed a statistically significant similar distribution with that of the 401 sampled medicaid patients at this center in 1983. 8. Among the medicaid patients who utilized the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1983, 401 sampled patients who are practicable routine urinalysis composed of 131 indigent group and 270 low-income group. The sample composed of 127 males and 274 females. There were more old patients than the young ones among the 401 sampled patients. 9. Age-adjusted prevalence rate of the hypertension computed by the direct method using estimated of midyear population of 1980 year as the standard is the highest in the Yonsei area and the lowest in the Shindongmyun. Furthermore age-adjusted prevalence rate was higher for males than that of females. 10. The group of hypertension patients using routine urinalysis profile composed of pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria and glycosuria is the most statistical significant, the pyuria alone is very significant, hematuria is significant and proteinuria is also significant.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2014

Objectives : Breast cancer has been the most prevalent female cancer in South Korea since 2001. Early detection of this disease is the most effective strategy for reducing mortality. The objective of this study was to identify factors which could predict advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods : Participants who were initially diagnosed with breast cancer and referred to the Stress Clinic of the Breast Cancer Center at Kyungpook National University Hospital were included. Through a semi-structured interview, the authors investigated psychosocial variables such as the extent of marital and family functioning and emotional-economic family burden as well as sociodemographic and health behavior-, health characteristic- and cancer-related variables. Results : Data were collected from 219 participants. One hundred and twenty(54.8%) subjects were diagnosed with advanced-stage breast cancer. Variables that were significantly different between the advanced-stage and early-stage groups included : monthly breast self examination(p<0.000), annual mammographic screening(p<0.000), mode of tumor detection(p<0.000), nature of the first symptoms(p<0.000), time to treatment after diagnosis(p<0.000), overloaded economic and family burden(p=0.018), marital functioning(p<0.000) and family functioning(p<0.00). Logistic regression analysis indicated that irregular annual mammography screening(OR=7.431 ; 95% CI 2.407-22.944) or a lack of screening(OR=25.299 ; 95% CI 7.855-81.482) and a dysfunctional marital relationship(OR=4.772 ; 95% CI 2.244-10.145) were significantly associated with advanced stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusions : We reconfirmed screening behavior to be a risk factor for delayed diagnosis of breast cancer. Our findings also emphasized the importance of psychosocial factors such as marital functioning in early detection of breast cancer. Psychiatric consultation in the area of martial functioning could be beneficial for increasing early detection in breast cancer.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.37-55
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the resilience of adolescents through the analysis of activities in high school Technology·Home Economics textbooks developed according to the 2015 revised high school Technology·Home Economics curriculum. For this purpose, we analyzed the activities of 12 high school Technology·Home Economics textbooks in the 'human development and family' and 'family life and safety' areas based on the sub-factors of resilience. A total of 303 activities were extracted from 12 textbooks. After analyzing the activities of the three people, the process of revising and supplementing the analysis criteria through consultation was conducted three times and then reviewed by three experts. The analysis found that although there were differences in the number of activities to be dealt with, it was common to focus on raising interpersonal ability(54.8%) among the sub-factors of resilience. Followed by self-regulation(39.4%) and positive(5.8%). Second, the analysis of the activities by core concepts showed that the most activities dealing with the sub-factors of resilience were in the 'family life and safety' area, which deals with 'safety (44.3%)' as a core concept. And in the area of human development and family, which deals with development (25.1%) and relationships (36%) as core concept, the sub-factors of resilience were also covered. This can be inferred that the home curriculum is suitable for systematic education of resilience, and that the term resilience in the curriculum has been considered and dealt with resilience before it is specifically mentioned. I hope that the results of this study will be used as basic data for the development of home and resilience education programs in the future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.79-90
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to determine factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy. The study subjects were 104 tuberculosis patients who have received the initial treatment in 3 health centers of Kyongju-City, Dalseong-Gun in Teagu and Kumi-City. Data were collected between September and October 1995. The patients were classified into the improved group and the non-improved group according to outcomes of 3 month treatment with short-term therapeutic regimen. To find factors influencing compliance with anti-tuberculosis therapy, multiple logistic regression was made. There was no significant differences between the improved group and the non-improved group in sex, age, education level, occupation, family pattern, and habitual change regarding smoking and drinking. The level of knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy in the improved group was significantly higher than the non-improved group(p<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that family support for not forgetting medication (p<0.05) wis a predictor of improvement and knowledge about anti-tuberculosis therapy(p=0.054), regularity of medication(p=0.062), and consultation to family, doctor and nurse(p=0.075) were marginal predictors of improvement. Treatment must be given to every patient confirmed as having tuberculosis and must be given free of charge to the patients. The requirements for adequate chemotherapy are prescribed in the correct dosage and taken regularly by the patient for a sufficient period to prevent relapse of the disease after cure. It is suggested that education to the patients should be reinforced and connectedness between patients and tuberculosis control workers and family should be solidated.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-50
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• 1984

The levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of housewives considerably effect to the health of households, communities and the nation. This study was designed to grasp the levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of houswives and analyse the various factors effecting to health in order to provide health education services as well as materials for effective formulation and implementation of health policy to improve the health of the nation. This study has been conducted through interviews by trained surveyers for 4,281 housewives selected from 4,500 households throughout the country for 40 days during July 11-August 20, 1983. The results of survey were analysed by stepwise multiple regression and path analysis are summarized as follows; 1. Based on the measurement instrument applied to this study, the levels of health knowledge, attitude and practice of housewives were extremely low with 54.5 points out of 100 points in full. Higher level with 72 points and above was approximately 21 percent and lower level with 39 points and below was approx. 24 percent. The middle level was approx. 55 percent. In order to implement health programs successively, health education should be more strengthened and to improve the level of health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the nation, political consideration as a part of spiritual reformation must be concentrated on health. 2. The level of health knowledge indicated the highest points with 57.3 the level of attitude was the second with 55.0 points and the practice level was the lowest with 50.0 point. Therefore, planning and implementation of health education program must be based on the persuasion and motivation that health knowledge turn into practice. 3. Housewives who had higher level of health knowledge, showed their practice level was relatively lower and those who had middle or low level of it practice level was the reverse. 4. Correlations among health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) were generally higher and statistically significant at 0.1 percent level. Correlation between total health KAP level and health knowledge was the highest with r=.8092. 5. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to the age, number of children, marital status, self-assessed health status and concern on health of the housewives interviewed (p<0.001) 6. Health KAP levels also showed significant differences according to the education level, economic status, employment before marriage and grown-up area of the housewives interviewed. (p<0.001) 7. Heath KAP levels showed significant differences according to health insurance benificiary and the existence of patients in the family. (p<0.001). 8. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to distance to government organizations, schools, distance to health facilities, telephone possession rate, television possession rate, newspaper reading rate and activities of Ban meeting and Women's club. (p<0.001) 9. Health KAP levels showed significant differences according to electric mass communication media such as television, radio and village broadcasting etc. and printed media such as newspaper, magazine and booklets etc., IEC variables such as individual consultation and husband-wife communication, however, there was no significance with group training. 10. Health KAP of the housewives showed close correlation with personal characteristics variables, i.e., education level (r=.5302), age (r=-.3694) grown-up area (r=.3357) and employment before marriage. In general, correlation of health knowledge level was higher than the levels of attitude or practice. In case of health concern and health insurance, correlation of practice level was higher than health knowledge level. 11. Health KAP levels showed higher correlation with community environmental characteristics, Ban meeting and activity of Women's club, however, no correlation with New-village movement. 12. Among IEC variables, husband-wife communication showed the highest correlation with health KAP levels and printed media, electric mas communication media and health consultation in order. Therefore, encouragement of husband-wife communication and development of training program for men should be included in health education program. 13. Mass media such as electric mass com. and printed media were effective for knowledge transmission and husband-wife communication and individual consultation were effective for health practice. Group training was significant for knowledge transmission, however, but not significant for attitude formation or turning to health practice. To improve health KAP levels, health knowledge should be transmitted via mass media and health consultation with health professionals and field health workers should be strengthened. 14. Correlation of health KAP levels showed that knowledge level was generally higher than that of practice and recognized that knowledge was not linked with attitude or practice. 15. The twenty-five variables effecting health KAP levels of housewives had 41 per cent explanation variances among which education level had great contribution (β=.2309) and electric mass com. media (β=.1778), husband-wife communication (β=.1482), printed media, grown-up area, and distance to government organizations in order. Variances explained (R²) of health KAP were 31%, 15%, and 30% respectively. 16. Principal variables contributed to health KAP were education level (β=.12320, β=.1465), electric mass comm. media (β=.1762, β=.1839), printed media, (β=.1383, β=.1420) husband-wife communication (β=.1004, β=.1067), grown-up area and distance to government organizations, in order. Since education level contributes greatly to health KAP of the housewives, health education including curriculum development in primary, middle and high schools must be emphasized and health science must be selected as one of the basic liberal arts subject in universities. 17. Variences explained of IEC variables to health KAP were 19% in total, 14% in knowledge, 9% in attitude, and 10% in health practice. Contributions of IEC variables to health KAP levels were printed media (β=.3882), electric mass comm media (β=.3165), husb-band wife com. (β=.2095,) and consultation on health (β=.0841) in order, however, group training showed negative effect (β=-.0402). National fund must be invested for the development of Health Program through mass media such as TV and radio etc. and for printed materials such as newspaper, magazines, phamplet etc. needed for transmission of health knowledge. 18. Variables contributed to health KAP levels through IEC variables with indirect effects were education level (Ind E=0.0410), health concern (Ind E=.0161), newspaper reading rate (Ind E=.0137), TV possession rate and activity of Ban meeting in order, however, health facility showed negative effect (Ind E=-.0232) and other variables showed direct effect but not indirect effect. 19. Among the variables effecting health KAP level, education level showed the highest in total effect (TE=.2693) then IEC (TE=.1972), grown-up city (TE=.1237), newspaper reading rate (TE=.1020), distance to government organization (TE=.095) in order. 20. Variables indicating indirect effects to health KAP levels were; at knowledge level with R²=30%, education level (Ind E=.0344), newspaper reading rate (Ind E=.0112), TV possession rate (Ind E=.0689), activity of Ban meeting (Ind E=.0079) in order and at attitude level with R²=13%, education level (Ind E=. 0338), activity of Ban meeting (Ind E=.0079), and at practice level with R²=29%. education level (Ind E=.0268), health facility (Ind E=.0830) and concern on health (Ind E=.0105). 21. Total effect to health KAP levels and IEC by variable characteristics, personal characteristics variables indicated larger than community characteristics variables. 22. Multiple Correlation Coefficient (MCC) expressed by the Personal Characteristic Variable was .5049 and explained approximately 25% of variances. MCC expressed by total Community environment variable was .4283 and explained approx. 18% of variances. MCC expressed by IEC Variables was .4380 and explained approx. 19% of variances. The most important variable effected to health KAP levels was personal characteristic and then IEC variable, Community Environment variable in order. When the IEC effected with personal characteristic or community characteristic, the MCC or the variances were relatively higher than effecting alone. Therefore it was identified that the IEC was one of the important intermediate variable.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2024

This study aims to present a case of implementing educational programs that integrate theory and experience, leading to practical environmental conservation practices within households, and to analyze and evaluate their effectiveness. To achieve these goals, various hands-on environmental education programs related to family life, including carbon-neutral practices, clothing, food, housing, and design, were implemented for early adulthood. Pre- and post-surveys provided by the Korea Environmental Preservation Association were utilized to assess awareness and willingness to engage in environmental conservation among participants, and consultation with an expert was conducted to understand the effectiveness of the educational programs. As a result, the findings confirmed a notable enhancement in participants' environmental consciousness and commitment to action following the program compared to pre-program levels. The results of open-ended questions showed that the content participants wanted to learn and what they actually learned in the classes were similar, validating the effectiveness of the program. The consultation results indicated that presenting various practical methods related to household life would be effective; however, there was a suggestion for the need to consider aspects such as post-practical food management and the unique characteristics of multicultural household members when developing educational programs. This educational initiative holds promise for instigating perceptible shifts in the awareness and proactive engagement of young adults across the spectrum of household dynamics, thereby contributing significantly to the establishment of sustainable living paradigms.