• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2000

배경 : 결핵의 진단에 있어 결핵균 배양검사는 결핵의 확진 검사이지만 배양에 최소한 6-8주가 소요되어 진단 및 치료가 지연되는 단점이 있다. PCR 법은 신속하고 예민하게 결핵균을 검출할 수 있지만 위양성율과 위음성율이 높아 문제시 되고 있다. 최근에 개발된 LCR법과 PCR-Hybridization은 PCR 법 보다도 민감하게 결핵균을 검출할 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 하상균 배양을 기준으로 in house PCR, LCR 및 PCR- Hybridization 각각의 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 방법 : 1998년 8월에 결핵진단을 위해 세브란스 병원 임상 병리과에 의뢰된 75검체를 대상으로 AFB 도말 염색 검사, 결핵균 배양 검사(3% Ogawa 배지, 8주간), in house PCR, LCR(Abbott LCx kit) 및 PCR Hybridization을 시행하여 각각의 민간도와 특이도를 평가해보았다. 결과 : 항산균 배양법을 기준으로 판단할 때 in house PCR, LCR(Abbott LCx kit) 및 PCR-Hybridization의 민감도는 각각 40%, 80%, 100%였고 특이도는 98.6%, 94.3%, 94.3%였다. 결론 : LCR법과 PCR-Hybridization은 결핵균 검출에 있어 우수한 민감도와 특이도를 보여 결핵의 조기진단에 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.594-601
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• 2008

Cervical lymph node metastasis is one of the most important predicting factors that influence the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Correct diagnosis on cervical lymph node metastasis is essential in determining the extent of operation and treatment modality. So we investigated a clinico-statistical evaluation on cervical lymph node metastasis in 183 patients who were diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Kyungpook National University Hospital, from January 1st, 1999 to December 31st, 2007. The following results were obtained : 1. Among 183 patients who were diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma, 149 were male and 49 were female. The average age of the patients was 61.8 years old. 2. Patients with advanced T classification showed higher incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis than those with lower T classification. 3. Patients with less differentiated tumors had higher tendency of manifesting cervical lymph node metastasis than those with more differentiated tumors. 4. Sensitivity and specificity on PET/CT was 87.5% and 58.3% respectively. PET/CT showed higher sensitivity and lower false-negative values than those of CT or USG. 5. The 5 - year survival rate of all the oral squamous cell carcinoma patients appeared to be 63.2% By N classification, patients in N0 stage showed a higher survival rate than patients in N1 or N2. 5 - year survival rates according to the modality of neck dissection were as follows in increasing order: no neck dissection group, MRND group, SND group, and RND group.

• 대기
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to develop a hydrological drought outlook system using GloSea5 (Global Seasonal forecasting system 5) which has recently been used by KMA (Korea Meteorological Association) and to evaluate the forecasting capability. For drought analysis, the bilinear interpolation method was applied to spatially downscale the low-resolution outputs of GloSea5 and PR (Predicted Runoff) was produced for different lead times (i.e., 1-, 2-, 3-month) running LSM (Land Surface Model). The behavior of PR anomaly was similar to that of HR (Historical Runoff) and the estimated values were negative up to lead times of 1- and 2-month. For the evaluation of drought outlook, SRI (Standardized Runoff Index) was selected and PR_SRI estimated using PR. ROC score was 0.83, 0.71, 0.60 for 1-, 2- and 3-month lead times, respectively. It also showed the hit rate is high and false alarm rate is low as shorter lead time. The temporal Correlation Coefficient (CC) was 0.82, 0.60, 0.31 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.52, 0.86, 1.20 for 1-, 2-, 3-month lead time, respectively. The accuracy of PR_SRI was high up to 1- and 2-month lead time on local regions except the Gyeonggi and Gangwon province. It can be concluded that GloSea5 has high applicability for hydrological drought outlook.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2015

For median filtering (MF) detection in altered digital images, this paper presents a new feature vector that is formed from autoregressive (AR) coefficients via an AR model of the gradients between the neighboring row and column lines in an image. Subsequently, the defined 10-D feature vector is trained in a support vector machine (SVM) for MF detection among forged images. The MF classification is compared to the median filter residual (MFR) scheme that had the same 10-D feature vector. In the experiment, three kinds of test items are area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), classification ratio, and minimal average decision error. The performance is excellent for unaltered (ORI) or once-altered images, such as $3{\times}3$ average filtering (AVE3), QF=90 JPEG (JPG90), 90% down, and 110% up to scale (DN0.9 and Up1.1) images, versus $3{\times}3$ and $5{\times}5$ median filtering (MF3 and MF5, respectively) and MF3 and MF5 composite images (MF35). When the forged image was post-altered with AVE3, DN0.9, UP1.1 and JPG70 after MF3, MF5 and MF35, the performance of the proposed scheme is lower than the MFR scheme. In particular, the feature vector in this paper has a superior classification ratio compared to AVE3. However, in the measured performances with unaltered, once-altered and post-altered images versus MF3, MF5 and MF35, the resultant AUC by 'sensitivity' (TP: true positive rate) and '1-specificity' (FN: false negative rate) is achieved closer to 1. Thus, it is confirmed that the grade evaluation of the proposed scheme can be rated as 'Excellent (A)'.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the assessment of palpable enlarged lymph nodes. The authors reviewed the results of 1,346 FNACs of palpable enlarged lymph nodes performed at Pusan National University Hospital from 1998 to 2004. Of the 1,346 cases, 1,265 (94.0%) were satisfactory and 81 (6.0%) unsatisfactory. Cytologic diagnoses were judged in 488 cases, based on subsequent histologic diagnoses, clinical follow up, or both. Global results for all malignancies (lymphoid and non-lymphoid neoplasms) based on cases with final diagnoses, showed a sensitivity of 87.4% and a specificity of 98.7%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 93,2%, and the false negative rate reduced from 12,6% to 7,3% when lymphomatous cases were excluded. The annual data for this period showed that the number of diagnostic lymph node biopsies and the rate of inadequately sampled material markedly decreased. Gene rearrangement studies for IgH and TCR ${\gamma}$ were helful in 30 cases. FNAC is a useful initial diagnostic procedure for the evaluation of palpable enlarged lymph nodes. However, the technique should be assisted by the appropriate ancillary studies and by proper interpretation by a cytopathologist.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2007

목적 : 소변 가리기 훈련이 안된 영유아에서 치골상부 방광천자는 오염율이 낮은 최상의 방법(gold standard)이며 초음파 감시하에 시행하여 성공률을 높이고 합병증을 감소시킬 수 있다. 그러나 침습적인 방법으로 여겨져 기피되고 도뇨관 채뇨가 선호되는 경향이 있다. 따라서 저자들은 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자와 도뇨관 채뇨의 성공률, 합병증과 정확도를 비교해 보고자 전향적인 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 2003년 6월부터 2004년 8월까지 원인불명의 발열로 이대 목동병원 응급실을 찾아온 영유아중에서 소변을 가리지 못하고 요로감염이 의심되어 소변검사를 시행하게 된 121명을 대상으로 하였다. 일차 조사에서는 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자(32명)와 도뇨관 채뇨(32명)를 무작위로 시행하여 성공률과 합병증을 조사하였고 이차 조사에서는 상기 두 가지 채뇨법을 동시에 시행(57명)하여 도뇨관 채뇨의 정확도를 평가하였다. 성공 기준은 0.5 mL 이상의 소변을 얻은 경우로 하였고 요로감염의 진단은 단일 요로병원균이 $10^5CFU/mL$ 이상 배양된 경우로 정의하였다. 통계분석은 Chi-square test를 이용하였고 P값이 0.05 미만인 경우를 유의한 것으로 판정하였다. 결과 : 성공률은 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광 천자군이 첫 번째 시도 시 71.9%(23/32), 두 번째 시도 시 25.0%(8/32)로 총 성공률은 96.9% (31/32)였고 도뇨관 채뇨군은 첫 번째 시도 시 90.6% (29/32), 두 번째 시도 시 6.3%(2/32)로 총 성공률 96.9%(31/32)를 보여 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 천자된 소변량은 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자군 $7.4{\pm}3.7mL$로 도뇨관 채뇨군의 $4.5{\pm}2.6mL$에 비하여 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 합병증은 도뇨관 채뇨군의 53.1%(17/32)에서 배뇨통을 보여 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자군의 0%에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(P<0.001). 이차 조사에서 도뇨관 채뇨의 정확도는 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자에 비해 민감도 59.5%(25/42), 특이도 86.6%(13/15)였고 위양성률 13.3%(2/15), 위음성률 40.5%(17/42) 로 정확도가 낮았다. 결론 : 소변을 가리지 못하는 영유아에서 요로 감염을 진단하기 위해서는 도뇨관 채뇨에 비해 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자가 정확하고 안전한 채뇨법으로 권장되어야 한다고 생각한다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2009

Purpose: Several radioactive agents were used for lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer. But recently, due to the change of local radiopharmaceutical licensing policy and discontinuation of supplies from manufacturer, we could not use many radiocolloids such as $^{99m}Tc$-Antimony Trisulfide Colloid, $^{99m}Tc$-Tin Colloid, $^{99m}Tc$-Human Serum Albumin. So it is necessary to use the substitution radiopharmaceutical. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of substitution radiopharmaceutical ($^{99m}Tc$-Phytate) including the existing radiocolloids and to set up of the appropriate protocol in lymphoscintigraphy. Materials and Methods: For each radiocolloids ($^{99m}Tc$-Antimony Trisulfide Colloid (ASC), $^{99m}Tc$-Tin Colloid (TC), $^{99m}Tc$-Human Serum Albumin (HSA), $^{99m}Tc$-Phytate) were performed the particle size by Zeta Sizer (Nano-ZS) and we compared the radiolabeling time, procedure and acquisition time for each of the radiocolloids (total 200 patients). For the last time, we made an analysis of image for each of the radiocolloids with our previous report (SJ Jang et al, Korean Nucl Med Mol imaging Vol.41, No.6, Dec 2007). Results: The particle size of each radiocolloids showed A.S.C (50 nm), T.C (310 nm), H.S.A (10.8 nm), $^{99m}Tc$-Phytate (499 nm). The labeling and acquisition time for each of the radiocolloids showed no substantial difference. But there is difference of the labeling time for the A.S.C. because the ASC procedure need to boiling process. There were no significant differences among those radiocolloids (p>0.005) in the identification rate (IR), false negative rate (FNR), and negative predictive value (NPV). Conclusions: $^{99m}Tc$-labeled radiocolloids showed equivalent results in lymphoscintigraphy. Therefore, in this exam of each radiocolloids could be applied appropriate protocol in lymphoscintigraphy.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2022

자궁경부세포검사는 자궁경부암 선별검사로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 그러나, 위음성 비율이 높아 인유두종바이러스 중합효소연쇄반응 (HPV PCR) 검사로 보완이 제안되고 있다. HPV PCR 검사의 임상적 유용성을 확인하여, 자궁경부암을 예방하는 선별검사의 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 217명의 환자의 데이터를 분석하였고, 높은 HPV 감염률(46.1%)과 분산분석결과 연령 집단간 HPV 감염률에 유의한 차이가 보였다(P=0.015). 특히, 연구기간 중 CIN3 3건 상피세포암 1건이 관찰되었는데, 고위험군 HPV(16, 33)감염이 모두 관찰되었고, 20대와 30대 상피세포 이형성증 진단 환자에서 높은 고위험군 HPV감염이 관찰되었다. 따라서 이 연령대에 대한 광범위한 연구 및 예방 활동이 필요하며, 자궁암 예방을 위한 선별검사로써 세포학적 검사와 함께 HPV PCR 검사가 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제15C권5호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2008

DoS/DDoS로 대표되는 트래픽 폭주 공격은 대상 시스템뿐만 아니라 네트워크 대역폭 및 프로세서 처리능력, 시스템 자원 등을 고갈시킴으로써 네트워크에 심각한 장애를 유발하기 때문에, 신속한 트래픽 폭주 공격의 탐지는 안정적인 서비스의 제공 및 시스템의 운영에 필수요건이다. 전통적인 패킷 수집을 통한 DoS/DDoS의 탐지방법은 공격에 대한 상세한 분석은 가능하나 설치의 확장성 부족, 고가의 고성능 분석시스템의 요구, 신속한 탐지를 보장하지 못하는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 MIB 정보 갱신 시점 단위로 수집된 SNMP MIB 객체 정보를 바탕으로 Support Vector Data Description(SVDD)을 이용하여 보다 빠르고 정확한 침입탐지와 쉬운 확장성, 저비용탐지 및 정확한 공격유형별 분류를 가능케 하는 새로운 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 실험을 통하여 만족스러운 침입 탐지율과 안전한 False Negative Rate(FNR), 공격유형별 분류율 수치 등을 확인함으로써 제안된 시스템의 성능을 검증하였다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.60-67
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• 1994

Objectives: The Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by snoring, observed apnea during sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. The overnight polysomnographic recording is used to investigate patients with possible obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. But the overnight polysomnographic recording is time consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive. Recently in diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, several simple screening tests have been suggested. Methods: This study was performed to assess the probability of application of clinical features and the degree of oxygen desaturation as a screening test for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The sensitivity and specificity of the self-report of clinical features including snoring, observed apnea during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia were tested. And the degree of oxygen desaturation measured by oximetry in 42 subjects were compared with the overnight polysomnographic recording results. Results: In the prediction of apnea index more than 5, the sensitivity of observed apnea during sleep, snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia were 96.8%, 93.5%, 38.7%, 25.8% and the specificity of those clinical features were 182%, 36.4%, 100%, 72.7%, respectively. In the prediction of apnea index more than 5, the sensitivity and specificity of the combination of more than three self-report clinical features were 54.8% and 90.9%. The degree of oxygen de saturation and maximal apnea duration in the group of apnea index more than 5 were significantly different from those in the group of apnea index below 5(P<0.001). And the apnea index was significantly correlated with the degree of oxygen desaturation and maximal apnea duration(P<0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that application of clinical features alone as a screening test for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is inadequate because of it's high rate of false positive and false negative results. The degree of oxygen desaturation measured by oximetry is possibly applicable to screening test and follow up evaluation of treatment efficacy for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.