• The Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-172
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• 2012

Lutheran a antigen ($Lu^a$) is detected in 6 to 8% of Caucasians and Africans. In Korean and other Asian populations, it is very rare or nearly absent. Therefore, although $Lu^a$ has a considerable immunizing capacity, sensitization to $Lu^a$ is a rare event. Here we report on a rare case of anti-$Lu^a$ in a 70 year-old female patient with Lu (a-/b+) phenotype and review the relevant literature. Due to the paucity of $Lu^a$ positive panel cells in antibody screening and identification tests, detection of this rare antibody to $Lu^a$ antigen is not feasible. Therefore, we should keep in mind the possibility of the misleading false negative result in detection of antibody to this low incidence antigen.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.213-224
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• 2023

Type II solar radio bursts show frequency drifts from high to low over time. They have been known as a signature of coronal shock associated with Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and/or flares, which cause an abrupt change in the space environment near the Earth (space weather). Therefore, early detection of type II bursts is important for forecasting of space weather. In this study, we develop a deep-learning (DL) model for the automatic detection of type II bursts. For this purpose, we adopted a 1-D Convolution Neutral Network (CNN) as it is well-suited for processing spatiotemporal information within the applied data set. We utilized a total of 286 radio burst spectrum images obtained by Hiraiso Radio Spectrograph (HiRAS) from 1991 and 2012, along with 231 spectrum images without the bursts from 2009 to 2015, to recognizes type II bursts. The burst types were labeled manually according to their spectra features in an answer table. Subsequently, we applied the 1-D CNN technique to the spectrum images using two filter windows with different size along time axis. To develop the DL model, we randomly selected 412 spectrum images (80%) for training and validation. The train history shows that both train and validation losses drop rapidly, while train and validation accuracies increased within approximately 100 epoches. For evaluation of the model's performance, we used 105 test images (20%) and employed a contingence table. It is found that false alarm ratio (FAR) and critical success index (CSI) were 0.14 and 0.83, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed above result by adopting five-fold cross-validation method, in which we re-sampled five groups randomly. The estimated mean FAR and CSI of the five groups were 0.05 and 0.87, respectively. For experimental purposes, we applied our proposed model to 85 HiRAS type II radio bursts listed in the NGDC catalogue from 2009 to 2016 and 184 quiet (no bursts) spectrum images before and after the type II bursts. As a result, our model successfully detected 79 events (93%) of type II events. This results demonstrates, for the first time, that the 1-D CNN algorithm is useful for detecting type II bursts.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.523-530
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• 2007

Background: A ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ Processor was developed to overcome the limitations of conventional cytology and is widely used to diagnose various cancers. This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of conventional cytology for lung cancer with that of the ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ cytology using the bronchial washing fluid. Methods: The bronchial washing fluid of 790 patients from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2006, who were suspected of gaving a lung malignancy, was evaluated. Both ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ and conventional cytology were performed for all specimens. Result: Four hundred forty-six men and 344 women were enrolled in this study, and 197 of them were diagnosed with cancer from either a bronchoscopic biopsy or a percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy. ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ cytology showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and false negative error rate of 71.1%, 98.0%, 92.1%, 91.1%, 8.9%, respectively. The conventional cytology showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, nagative predictive value and false negative error rate of 57.9%, 98.0%, 90.5%, 87.5%, 12.5%, respectively. For central lesions, the sensitivity of conventional cytology and ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ were 70.1% and 82.8%, respectively. Conclusion: ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ cytology showed a higher sensitivity and lower false negative error rate than conventional cytology. This result was unaffected by the histological classification of lung cancer. Therefore, ThinPrep$^{(R)}$ cytology appears to be a useful method for increasing the detection rate of lung cancer in bronchial washing cytology test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.347-357
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• 2003

This paper describes on the suppression of sea clutter on marine radar display using a cell-averaging CFAR(constant false alarm rate) technique, and on the analysis of radar echo signal data in relation to the estimation of ARPA functions and the detection of the shadow effect in clutter returns. The echo signal was measured using a X -band radar, that is located on the Pukyong National University, with a horizontal beamwidth of $$3.9^{\circ}$$, a vertical beamwidth of $20^{\circ}$, pulsewidth of $0.8 {\mu}s$ and a transmitted peak power of 4 ㎾ The suppression performance of sea clutter was investigated for the probability of false alarm between $l0-^0.25;and; 10^-1.0$. Also the performance of cell averaging CFAR was compared with that of ideal fixed threshold. The motion vectors and trajectory of ships was extracted and the shadow effect in clutter returns was analyzed. The results obtained are summarized as follows；1. The ARPA plotting results and motion vectors for acquired targets extracted by analyzing the echo signal data were displayed on the PC based radar system and the continuous trajectory of ships was tracked in real time. 2. To suppress the sea clutter under noisy environment, a cell averaging CFAR processor having total CFAR window of 47 samples(20+20 reference cells, 3+3 guard cells and the cell under test) was designed. On a particular data set acquired at Suyong Man, Busan, Korea, when the probability of false alarm applied to the designed cell averaging CFAR processor was 10$^{-0}$.75/ the suppression performance of radar clutter was significantly improved. The results obtained suggest that the designed cell averaging CFAR processor was very effective in uniform clutter environments. 3. It is concluded that the cell averaging CF AR may be able to give a considerable improvement in suppression performance of uniform sea clutter compared to the ideal fixed threshold. 4. The effective height of target, that was estimated by analyzing the shadow effect in clutter returns for a number of range bins behind the target as seen from the radar antenna, was approximately 1.2 m and the information for this height can be used to extract the shape parameter of tracked target..

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.184-190
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• 2010

Clinical cases of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) have been reported during the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) therapy for the anemia patients. PRCA is a rare hematological disorder leading to a severe anemia due to an almost complete stop of red blood cell production. Antibody (Ab)-associated PRCA is caused by the EPO-neutralizing Abs that eliminate the biological activity of EPO. In order to detect anti-EPO Abs in human sera, we performed conventional ELISA, directly coated bridging ELISA, and streptavidin coated bridging ELISA, and compared their sensitivity and specificity. Some false positive results were obtained in the conventional ELISA. One positive sample was detected successfully by streptavidin coated bridging ELISA, which was not appeared in the directly coated bridging ELISA. In conclusion, streptavidin coated bridging ELISA was substantially sensitive and specific format and one out of sixty-eight serum samples was proved to be anti-EPO positive.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2018

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Republic of Korea remains high when compared to the incidence in other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The prompt diagnosis and effective treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) are very important in terms of controlling the burden of TB. The tuberculin skin test (TST) has long been the "gold standard" assay for the diagnosis of LTBI. However, it can show false positive results due to Bacille Calmette-$Gu{\acute{e}}rin$ (BCG) vaccination and infection with many environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) using Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific antigens, was developed for the detection of LTBI. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay is one of the most commonly used forms of the IGRA. In order to compare the diagnostic efficacy of the TST and IGRA in relation to LTBI among BCG-vaccinated healthy donors, whole blood samples were collected from 51 participants, and the results of the TST and IGRA were compared. Of the 51 cases, 18 cases (35.3%) were positive and 33 cases (64.7%) were negative when using the TST, while four cases (7.8%) were positive and 47 cases (92.2%) negative when using the IGRA. There was no correlation between the size of the induration in the TST and the $IFN-{\gamma}$ protein level. In conclusion, the TST showed higher cross-reactivity among the BCG-vaccinated healthy participants, therefore, the IGRA might be the most suitable assay for the rapid screening of LTBI in BCG-vaccinated healthy population, or for TB contact investigation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.378.2-378.2
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• 2016

Biosensors currently suffer from severe non-specific adsorption of proteins, which causes false positive errors in detection through overestimation of the affinity value. Overcoming this technical issue motivates our research. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is well known for its ability to reduce the adsorption of biomolecules; hence, it is widely used in various areas of medicine and other biological fields. Likewise, amine functionalized surfaces are widely used for biochemical analysis, drug delivery, medical diagnostics and high throughput screening such as biochips. As a result, many coating techniques have been introduced, one of which is plasma polymerization - a powerful coating method due to its uniformity, homogeneity, mechanical and chemical stability, and excellent adhesion to any substrate. In our previous works, we successfully fabricated plasmapolymerized PEG (PP-PEG) films [1] and amine functionalized films [2] using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. In this research, an amine functionalized PP-PEG film was fabricated by using the plasma co-polymerization technique with PEG 200 and ethylenediamine (EDA) as co-precursors. A biocompatible amine functionalized film was surface characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The density of the surface amine functional groups was carried out by quantitative analysis using UV-visible spectroscopy. We found through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis that non-specific protein adsorption was drastically reduced on amine functionalized PP-PEG films. Our functionalized PP-PEG films show considerable potential for biotechnological applications such as biosensors.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39B no.11
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• pp.790-802
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• 2014

In cognitive radio technology, secondary users can determine the absence of PU by periodic sensing operation and cooperative sensing between SUs yields a significant sensing performance improvement. However, there exists a trade off between the gains in terms of probability of detection of the primary users and the costs of false alarm probability. Therefore, the cooperation group must maintain the suitable size. And secondary users should sense not only the currently using channels and but also other candidates channel to switch in accordance with sudden appearance of the primary user. In this paper, we propose an effective group cooperative sensing algorithm in distributed network situations that is considering both of inband and outband sensing using evolutionary game theory. We derived that the strategy group of secondary users converges to an ESS(Evolutionary sable state). Using a learning algorithm, each secondary user can converge to the ESS without the exchange of information to each other.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1269-1276
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• 2015

The methodology of utilizing Intensity-Duration-flood Quantity (IDQ) curve for flood alert and warning was introduced and its performance was evaluated. For this purpose the lumped parameter model was calibrated and validated for gauged basin data set and the index precipitation equivalent to alert and warning flood was estimated. The index precipitation and IDQ curves associated by three different Antecedant Moisture Conditions (AMCs) are made provision for various possible flood scenarios. The test basin is Wonju-cheon basin ($94.4km^2$) located in Gangwon province, Korea. The IDQ curves corresponding to alert (50% of design flood level) and warning (70% of design flood level) level was estimated using the Clark unit hydrograph based lumped parameter model. The performance evaluation showed 0.704 of POD (Probability of Detection), 0.136 of FAR (False Alarm Ratio), and 0.633 of CSI (Critical Success Index), which is improved from the result of IDQ with single fixed AMC.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.360-365
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• 2008

We propose an efficient robot name registration and recognition method in order to enable a Call-and-Come service for home robots. In the proposed method for the name registration, the search space is first restricted by using monophone-based acoustic models. Second, the registration of robot names is completed by using triphone-based acoustic models in the restricted search space. Next, the parameter for the utterance verification is calculated to reduce the acceptance rate of false calls. In addition, acoustic models are adapted by using a distance speech database to improve the performance of distance speech recognition, Moreover, the location of a user is estimated by using a microphone array. The experimental result on the registration and recognition of robot names shows that the word accuracy of speech recognition is 98.3%.