• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 1993

Shingal reservoir is a relatively small (211ha) and shallow impoundment, and approximately 25 ha of its sediment is exposed after spring drawdown. At least 14 vascular p13n1 species germinate on the exposed sediment, but Persimria vulgaris Webb et Moq. quickly dominates the vegetation. In order to estimate the role of the vegetation in the dynamics of heavy metal pollutants in the reservoir, Cu concentration of water, fallout particles, exposed sediment, and tissues of p. vulgaris, Ivas analyzed. Cu content in reservoir water decreased from $13.10mg/m^2$ on May 15 (before dralvdown) to $3.08mg/m^2$ in June 1 (after drawdown), mainly due to the loiwering of water level. Average atmospheric deposition of Cu by fallout particles was $10.84 {\mu}g/m^2/day$. Cu content in the surface 15cm of exposed sediment decreased from $5.094g1m^2$ right after drawdown, to $0.530g/m^2$ in 41 days, which is a 89.6% decrease. Therefore up to 99.7% of Cu in the reservoir appears to exist in the sediment. only 0.3% in water If the rate of atmospheric Input by fallout particles is assumed to have been the same since 1958, when the reservoir was completed, cumulative input of Cu during the 38 years would have been $150.35mg/m^2$, which is only 3.0% of Cu content in sediment right after drawdown. Therefore, most of Cu in the Shingal reservoir must have been transported by the Shingal-chun flowing into the reservoir, Standing crop of vegetation on the exposed sediment 41 days after drawdown was $730.67g/m^2$, of which 630.91g/m2 was p. vulgaris alone, and Cu content in P vulgaris at this time was $6.612mg/m^2$. This was only 0.13% of Cu in the exposed sediment, but was 50.5% of Cu in water before drawdown, or 167% of the average annual input of Cu by atmospheric deposition. If other plants were assumed to absorb Cu to the same concentration as p. vulgaris, total amount of Cu absorbed in 41 days by vegetation on the exposed sediment is estimated to be 1913.3 g, which is a considerable contribution to the purification of the reservoir water.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 1993

Shingal reservoir is a relatively small (211ha) and shallow impoundment, and approximately 25 ha of its sediment is exposed after spring drawdown. At least 14 vascular p13n1 species germinate on the exposed sediment, but Persimria vulgaris Webb et Moq. quickly dominates the vegetation. In order to estimate the role of the vegetation in the dynamics of heavy metal pollutants in the reservoir, Cu concentration of water, fallout particles, exposed sediment, and tissues of p. vulgaris, Ivas analyzed. Cu content in reservoir water decreased from $13.10mg/m^2$ on May 15 (before dralvdown) to $3.08mg/m^2$ in June 1 (after drawdown), mainly due to the loiwering of water level. Average atmospheric deposition of Cu by fallout particles was $10.84 {\mu}g/m^2/day$. Cu content in the surface 15cm of exposed sediment decreased from $5.094g1m^2$ right after drawdown, to $0.530g/m^2$ in 41 days, which is a 89.6% decrease. Therefore up to 99.7% of Cu in the reservoir appears to exist in the sediment. only 0.3% in water If the rate of atmospheric Input by fallout particles is assumed to have been the same since 1958, when the reservoir was completed, cumulative input of Cu during the 38 years would have been $150.35mg/m^2$, which is only 3.0% of Cu content in sediment right after drawdown. Therefore, most of Cu in the Shingal reservoir must have been transported by the Shingal-chun flowing into the reservoir, Standing crop of vegetation on the exposed sediment 41 days after drawdown was $730.67g/m^2$, of which 630.91g/m2 was p. vulgaris alone, and Cu content in P vulgaris at this time was $6.612mg/m^2$. This was only 0.13% of Cu in the exposed sediment, but was 50.5% of Cu in water before drawdown, or 167% of the average annual input of Cu by atmospheric deposition. If other plants were assumed to absorb Cu to the same concentration as p. vulgaris, total amount of Cu absorbed in 41 days by vegetation on the exposed sediment is estimated to be 1913.3 g, which is a considerable contribution to the purification of the reservoir water.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2013

To characterize quantitatively the transport of $^{99}Tc$ and the global fallout ($^{137}Cs$, $^{90}Sr$, and $^{239+240}Pu$) for soils in Korea, the transport parameters of a convective-dispersion model, apparent migration velocity, and apparent dispersion coefficient were estimated from the vertical depth profiles of the radionuclides in soils. The vertical profiles of $^{99}Tc$ were measured from a pot experiment for paddy soil that had been sampled from a rice-field around the Gyeongju radioactive waste repository in Korea, and the vertical depth distributions of the global fallout $^{137}Cs$, $^{90}Sr$, and $^{239+240}Pu$ were measured from the soil samples that were taken from local areas in Korea. The front edge of the $^{99}Tc$ profiles reached a depth of about 12 cm in 138 days, indicating a faster movement than the fallout radionuclides. A weak adsorption of $^{99}Tc$ on the soil particles by the formation of Tc(VII) and a high water infiltration velocity seemed to have controlled the migration of $^{99}Tc$. The apparent migration velocity and dispersion coefficient of $^{99}Tc$ for the disturbed paddy soil were 2.88 cm/y and 6.3 $cm^2/y$, respectively. The majority of the global fallout $^{137}Cs$, $^{90}Sr$, and $^{239+240}Pu$ were found in the top 20 cm of the soils even after a transport of about 30 years. The transport parameters for the global fallout radionuclides were 0.01-0.1cm/y ($^{137}Cs$), 0.09-0.13cm/y ($^{90}Sr$), and 0.09-0.18cm/y ($^{239+240}Pu$) for the apparent migration velocity: 0.21-1.09 $cm^2/y$ ($^{137}Cs$), 0.12-0.7$cm^2/y$ ($^{90}Sr$), and 0.09-0.36$cm^2/y$ ($^{239+240}Pu$) for the apparent dispersion coefficient.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 1982

1950년대(年代)의 핵실험(核實驗)에 의(依)하여 생긴 방사능(放射能) 동위원소(同位元素)는 토양(土壤)이나 퇴사(堆砂)에 다양(多樣)하게 포함(包含)되었다. 이들 방사성(放射性) 동위원소(同位元素) 중(中)에서 $^{137}Cs$은 미세토양(微細土壤) 입자(粒子)에 고착(固着)하는 성질(性質)이 크고 방사능(放射能)의 발산량이 많고 균일(均一)하기 때문에 퇴사과정(堆砂過程)을 평가하는데 이용(利用)이 가능(可能)하다. 미국 Louisiana 주(州) Larto호(湖)에서, 낙진(落塵)된 $^{137}Cs$에 의(依)해 1958년(年) 이내로 퇴사속도(堆砂速度)를 측정(測定)한 바에 의(依)하면 연평균(年平均) 1.6~3.1cm로 퇴사(堆砂)되고 있으며, 가장 많이 퇴사(堆砂)된 곳은 70cm까지 퇴사(堆砂)되었음이 밝혀졌다. 또한 해를 거듭할수록 퇴사(堆砂)되는 율(率)이 적어지고 있으며, 퇴사(堆砂)의 입도분포(粒度分布)는 호수(湖水) 전체에 거의 $20{\mu}$이하(以下)의 미세입자(微細粒子)가 분포(分布)하고 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제55권8호
• /
• pp.2802-2811
• /
• 2023

In a first-of-its-kind study, terrestrial radionuclide concentrations were measured in 35 topsoil samples from the outskirts of Dhaka using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry to assess the radiological consequences of such a vast number of brick kilns on the plant workers, general as well as dwelling environment. The range of activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K is found at 19 ± 3.04 to 38 ± 4.94, 39 ± 5.85 to 57 ± 7.41, and (430 ± 51.60 to 570 ± 68.40) Bq/kg, respectively. ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K concentrations were higher than the global averages. Bottom ash deposition in lowlands, fly ash buildup in soils, and the fallout of micro-particles are all probable causes of the elevated radioactivity levels. ¹³⁷Cs was found in the sample, which indicates the migration of ¹³⁷Cs from nuclear accidents or nuclear fallout, or the contamination of feed coal. Although the effective dose received by the general public was below the recommended dose limit but, most estimates of hazard parameters surpass their respective population weighted global averages, indicating that brick kiln workers and nearby residents are not safe due to prolonged exposures to terrestrial radiation. In addition, the soil around sampling sites is found to be unsuitable for agricultural purposes.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2000

order to investigate physical characteristics and element concentrations of sediments, coastal bottom sediments were collected at 20 stations in the vicinity of Youngkwang Nuclear Power Plant. After air drying of samples in the laboratory. article size distribution was examined by Master sizer (X-350F), radio-activity by HPGe ${\gamma}$-spectrphotometer, and element concentrations by ICP-AES and AAS. According to particle size analysis , sediments are mainly composed of silt fraction weith 23% of sand, 65% of silt and 12% of clay on average. Most sediments are derived from muddy environment that silt dominates with the characteristics of 5.3${\varsigma}$ mean particle size, poorly sorted, very fine skewed and lepto-kurtic. Only two sediments are well sorted with sandy silt owing to wind, winnowing action, tide and current andits complex reactions. Element concentrations in the coastal bottom sediments are relatively high at finer sediment and show significant relationship with grain size. Index of geoaccumulation by heavy metals at every sampling station is classified as practically unpolluted. The radioactivities of the sediments were measured for 15 isotope elements, and 2 elements of K-40 and Cs-137 were detected in most sediments. The K-40 is the natural nuclide and the artificial nuclide of Cs-137 was thought to be derived from the fallout of past nuclear weapon test. The results of correlation coefficient between grain size and radioactivity shows that the activity of Cs-137 significantly increases in finer grain.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 1994

Exposing plant organs to high doses of ionizing irradiation, penetrating into the plant tis-sues and cells, along the track structure of particles, lesions, and sublesions are formed on the molecules and organelles. As a result, disorders in the growth and development as well as chlorophyll-deficiency symptoms occur. The time scale of their reparation, recovery and over compensation during ontogenesis, constitutes a question of high theoretical and practical importanced, with special regard to nuclear fallout. With an aim to model the “ut supra”stated phenomena, the seeds of bean, Echo elit licensed variety, were irradiated by 300 Gy dose of X-ray-irradiation (120 kV:4.5 mA). According to the data obtained, the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments, will have been completed by the beginning of flowering. In consequence of the overcompensation of the repairing processes, the organs of plants developed from irradiated seeds, showed a partly differing correlative growth, compared to those of control plants. In order to characterize the vivo response of radiation-injured plants, a new method and approach were used. The changes of the electric capacitance of the plants during their ontogenesis, were continously monitored and recorede via a computer-aided and controlled measurement. In view of the data collected in such a way, the repairing plants may respond more quickly and intensively to the changes of environmental factors.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.589-609
• /
• 2017

석탄광산 분진을 환기로 제어하기 위해 현재 국내에서 가행되는 5개 광산의 석탄 분진 시료를 채취하여 석탄 분진의 특성인 밀도와 원소분석, 입도 분석을 시행하였다. 이것은 국내에서 생산되는 모든 무연탄에서 파생되는 석탄 분진의 특성을 이해함으로써 보다 쾌적한 작업환경을 제공하는 연구의 기초가 될 것이다. 입도분석(PSA)결과, 본 연구에 사용된 석탄 분진 시료입자의 크기는 $0.007{\sim}88.614{\mu}m$ 범위에 분포하였으며 이중 진폐증을 유발시킬 수 있는 $3.5{\mu}m$ 이하의 입자가 광산 내 상당부분 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 5개광업소에서 채취한 석탄광 분진의 풍속에 의한 유동을 알아보기 위해 풍동을 제작하여 풍속에 대한 석탄광 분진의 낙진을 측정하였으며, 낙진된 석탄 분진의 입도분석을 시행하였다. 또한, 실제 미세먼지가 다량으로 발생하는 채준 작업장에서 공기 중에 부유하는 미세먼지를 앤더슨 멀티스테이지 샘플러(Anderson multi-stage sampler)를 이용하여 석탄광 분진을 작업장에서 환기되는 풍속에 따라 측정하였으며 $3.5{\mu}m$ 이하의 석탄 분진을 제어하는 풍속을 실험을 통하여 밝혀냈다. 주선풍기의 과설계를 방지하기 위해 A광업소의 자연환기력을 계산하였다.