• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.25-26
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• 2021

Due to COVID-19, the spread of non-face-to-face culture is increasing the time spent indoors. Accordingly, it is necessary to reduce indoor air pollutants. Also, among building materials, there are paints. As the number of coatings increases, the coating film becomes thick, and there is a risk of cracking and falling off. Therefore, this study is to examine the adsorption properties of indoor air pollutants according to the number of coatings of a paint mixed with powdered activated carbon. In the experimental plan, the addition ratio of powdered activated carbon was selected as 30%, and the number of coatings was selected as primcoating, second coat, and finishing coat, and the concentration of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds were measured. As a result, as the number of coatings increased, the concentration of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds tended to decrease. This is considered to be due to the fact that not only the physical adsorption acted by the internal pores of the powdered activated carbon, but also because a lot of powdered activated carbon was present on the painted surface as the coating film was formed. However, since it is judged that there is an error in the concentration due to the inflow of external air as the chamber cover is opened to put the test object in the adsorption test process, it is considered that the experimental method needs to be supplemented.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.324-327
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• 2015

Scaffold is the most commonly used equipment in various types of construction works. Since various types of construction works use the same scaffold equipment, it becomes more difficult to be controlled and managed, thus resulting hazard frequently. According to the information announced in July 2012 by Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yan, the site collapse or incomplete anti-falling protection has led the site to accident frequently, and this is the main reason that causes construction industry occupational disasters. The labor death occupational hazard ratio rises up to 13% in scaffold activity, and the Council of Labor Affairs Executive Yan has showed that the death ratio is higher when using the scaffold in construction site, the total number of death has reached to 139 from 2005 to 2010. In order to ensure the safety of scaffold user, this study tends to build a wireless sensor monitoring system to detect the reliability and safety of the scaffold. The wireless sensor technique applies in this study is different with the traditional monitoring technique which is limited with wired monitoring. Wireless sensor technique does not need wire, it just needs to consider the power supply for establishing the network and receiving stable information, and it can become a monitoring system. In addition, this study also integrates strain gauge technique in this scaffold monitoring system, to develop a real-time monitoring data transfer mechanism and replace the traditional wired single project monitoring equipment. This study hopes to build a scaffold collapse monitoring system to effectively monitor the safety of the scaffold as well as provide the timesaving installation, low-cost and portable features.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.267-292
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• 2023

In this paper, we estimate a time series model of energy demand in the industrial sector with an asymmetric response to energy prices. Including the asymmetric response to energy prices in the model strengthens robustness of the cointegration relationship and reduces the variation of the estimated coefficients across the estimating methods. We find that rising energy prices have a larger impact on energy demand than falling energy prices, with the largest impact occurring when energy prices rise to new highs. The estimation results are partially improved when using gross output rather than value added as a measure of production. Using single equation methods to estimate the asymmetric response model, the elasticity of gross output ranged from 1.05 to 1.09 and the elasticity of price-rise ranged from -0.48 to -0.56, which is similar to the results of international studies.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.242-253
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with physical activity in older adults living alone. Methods: This is cross-sectional, correlational study used secondary data from the 2019 Community Health Survey. The participants were 19,134 older adults aged 65 years or older and living alone. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the 𝜒² test, and linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 27.0 program. Results: The participants' average amount of physical activity was 1,359.32 MET-min/week; 50.7% were inactive, 38.6% were minimally active, and 10.7% were health-promoting active. Demographic factors that predicted physical activity were gender, age, education level and monthly income, whereas health behavior factors included subjective health status and high risk drinking (R²=.055, p<.001). Psychological factors were sleeping time, stress, depression and fear of falling, and social factors included social contact with neighbors or friends, and participation in social or leisure activites(R²=.070, p<.001). Conclusion: It is important to determine the level of physical activity in older adults living alone. Demographic characteristics, health behaviors, psychological factors, and social factors should be considered in the development of specific and integrated nursing interventions to increase physical activity in older adults.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.130-135
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• 2023

Plasma-resistant ceramic (PRC) is a material used to prevent internal damage in plasma processing equipment for semiconductors and displays. The challenge is to suppress particles falling off from damaged surfaces and increase retention time in order to improve productivity and introduce the latest miniaturization process. Here, we confirmed the effect of suppressing plasma deterioration and reducing the etch rate through surface treatment of existing PRC with an initial illumination level of 200 nm. In particular, quartz glass showed a decrease in etch rate of up to 10%. Furthermore, it is believed that micro-scale secondary particles formed on the microstructure of each material grow as crystals during the fluoridation process. This is a factor that can act as a killer defect when dropped, and is an essential consideration when analyzing plasma resistance. The plasma etching suppression effect of the initial illumination is thought to be due to partial over etching at the dihedral angle of the material due to the sputtering of re-emission of Ar+-based cations. This means that plasma damage due to densification can also be interpreted in existing PRC studies. The research results are significant in that they present surface treatment conditions that can be directly applied to existing PRC for mass production and a new perspective to analyze plasma resistance in addition to simple etching rates.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.821-830
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• 2023

This research aims to identify risk factors for fall accidents at small and medium-sized construction sites through a comprehensive regression analysis. Initially, the study involved collecting a decade's worth of fall accident data from these sites. A t-test confirmed a significant variation in the treatment duration following fall accidents between two distinct groups: small and medium-sized versus large construction sites. Subsequently, a regression analysis was conducted to establish a model highlighting the risk factors associated with safety accidents. The factors influencing fall accidents were determined to be, in descending order of impact, the time of the accident, the day of the accident, and the occupational classification. The findings from this study are expected to serve as foundational data for enhancing policies and conducting statistical analyses tailored to construction site sizes. They also provide crucial information for future research on risk quantification at small and medium-sized construction sites.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic (the form of coronaviruses) developed at the end of 2019 and spread rapidly to almost every corner of the world. It has infected around 25,334,339 of the world population by the end of September 1, 2020 [1] . It has been spreading ever since, and the peak specific to every country has been rising and falling and does not seem to be over yet. Currently, the conventional RT-PCR testing is required to detect COVID-19, but the alternative method for data archiving purposes is certainly another choice for public departments to make. Researchers are trying to use medical images such as X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT) to easily diagnose the virus with the aid of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based software. Method: This review paper provides an investigation of a newly emerging machine-learning method used to detect COVID-19 from X-ray images instead of using other methods of tests performed by medical experts. The facilities of computer vision enable us to develop an automated model that has clinical abilities of early detection of the disease. We have explored the researchers' focus on the modalities, images of datasets for use by the machine learning methods, and output metrics used to test the research in this field. Finally, the paper concludes by referring to the key problems posed by identifying COVID-19 using machine learning and future work studies. Result: This review's findings can be useful for public and private sectors to utilize the X-ray images and deployment of resources before the pandemic can reach its peaks, enabling the healthcare system with cushion time to bear the impact of the unfavorable circumstances of the pandemic is sure to cause

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 2024

Objective: This study aims to assess the test-retest reproducibility of the Short Form Berg Balance Scale (SF-BBS) and the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) among chronic stroke survivors, focusing on their reliability for consistent measurements over time. Design: A cross-sectional study design Methods: Thirty chronic stroke survivors participated in this study, undergoing evaluations with SF-BBS and SF-PASS scales at two different points, separated by a seven-day interval. The analysis focused on test-retest reliability, employing statistical measures such as the Intra-Class Coefficient (ICC_2,1), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), Minimal Detectable Change (MDC), and MDC%, the Bland-Altman plot to assess the limits of agreement and the extent of random measurement error. Results: The study found notable test-retest reproducibility for both SF-BBS and SF-PASS, with ICC values demonstrating strong reliability (0.932 to 0.941, with a confidence interval of 0.889 to 0.973). SEM values for SF-BBS and SF-PASS were reported as 1.34 and 0.61, respectively, indicating low measurement error. MDC values of 3.71 for SF-BBS and 1.69 for SF-PASS suggest that the scales have an acceptable level of sensitivity to change, with reliability metrics falling below 20% of the maximum possible score. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both SF-BBS and SF-PASS exhibit high intra-class correlation coefficients, indicating strong test-retest reliability. The SEM and MDC values further support the scales' reproducibility and reliability as tools for evaluating mobility and dynamic balance in chronic stroke survivors. Therefore, these scales are recommended for clinical use in this population, providing reliable measures for assessing progress in rehabilitation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.479-489
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• 1998

This work was done for 9 patients having experience of a herb medical treatment after being diagnosed as CVA during a year from January, 1996 to December, 1996 by using an ethnographic research method. The summarized results of this research are following. Ⅰ. THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ILLNESS First, the falling-ill phase is the time that they have the first stroke of paralysis and the decision pattern of medical institution' comes out. The emotional experience in the period is something like 'flustration', 'anxiety', 'despair', and 'expectation'. Second, the active-treatment phase is the time that the patients as well as their family or care giver not only show the positive attitude and actively participate in the illness treatment but also show a lot of interest in medical institutions and activities of health recovery. There is a primary factor of the continuation of treatment as an experience of treatment and being crushed and sensitivity as an experience of the illness. Third, the rehabilitation phase is the time that the patients or their family become tired and insensitive to the treatment and recuperation, and then reduce the treatment activity. There is a primary influence factor of the discontinuance of treatment as an experience of treatment and physical experience and emotional experience as an experience of the illness. The physical experience is divided into 'personal-hygiene care', and 'the sphere of activity' The emotional experiences are 'blaming someone', 'contempt' and 'despair' as a negative experience and 'hope' as a positive experience. Ⅱ. COPING STRATEGY There are a physical coping, an emotional and mental coping, a social coping, and a spiritual coping as a coping strategy used for the patients to overcome their illness and adjust themselves to their altered life. First, the physical coping comes out as 8 categories, 'using an auxiliary tool', 'doing exercise', 'protecting', 'improving their diet', 'taking care of something', 'using subsidiary medicines', 'trying a folk remedy', and 'having interest in their health'. Second, for the emotional and mental coping, there are 'accepting' and 'trying' as a positive coping and a failure of control as a negative coping. Third, the social coping is appeared as 'being supported'. Fourth, the spiritual coping is recognized as' recourse to God' and 'preparation of death'. After all, the elderly CVA patients in an agricultural area choose the act of treatment based on the traditional belief and the relationship with a caretaker. A personal health can be maintained by taking care of themselves and controling their mind, and the overcome of the illness is decided on the basis of traditional concepts and cultural principles in which the patients as well as the family, neigbors and take carers should work out together and cooperate with each other in order to achieve that.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.489-497
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• 2000

Since Chinese cabbages weigh 3 to 5kgf and are big in size at the time of harvest, handling operations such as harvesting, loading and unloading including transportation require the highest labor demand among all other cultivation processes. Recently, though several cabbage harvesters were developed in Japan and Europe, those harvesters were not suitable for Chinese cabbages cultivated in Korea because of the size and shape. The cabbage harvester is almost meaningless without any proper cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism. Most harvesters developed so far adopted a sort of slide and free falling way in collecting cabbages into the pallet. Three or four labors are usually required for cleaning incoming cabbages and loading those in the pallet. Because of the required time for piling cabbages without severe damage and the required space capacity to carry empty and loaded pallets, harvesting speed should be adjusted in accordance with time required for consecutive operations. Up to now, any automatic or semi-automatic collecting device has not been developed in the world to pile cabbages on the layer one by one into the pallet in the ordered way with little damage and to unload pallet from the harvester continuously during the harvest process. To compromise system expenses and function, Semi-automatic cabbage piling and pallet unloading mechanism was devised and it required one labor. The foldable mesh pallet with a size of 1050mm x 1050mm x 1000mm and holding capacity of around 70 cabbages was utilized. The prototype for piling and unloading mechanism was composed of three parts such as feeding device, automatic piling device with retractable bellows, and pallet unloading device. Prior to developing the prototype, the geometric properties and the amount of the damage of the cabbage caused during the piling operation were investigated. Considering the height of the pallet, a series of cabbage carrying plates were mounted to the bracket chain to lift and to carry cabbages to the loading device. Indoor laboratory experiments showed that the cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked successfully. Considering the conveying speed 0.46m/sec of the pull up belt from the cabbages on the ground, the speed of cabbage carrying chain conveyor worked property in the range of 0.26m/sec to 0.36m/sec. The system allowed the operator to modify the position of cabbage slightly. Overall system worked successfully resulting into almost same capacity without severe damage to the cabbage as human did.