• 한국의료질향상학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.78-93
• /
• 1996

Background : The goal of this study was to establish the QA items and guidelines for preventing and improving of safety management. Therefore we investigated the nurses' recognition and knowledge of the safety and risk procedures and policies, and the agreement between the nurses beliefs on the degree of importance of those procedures and policies, with actual implementation in hospitals. Method : The subjects of this study were 201 nurses who participated in a program called continuing education for nurses, which held in December, 1993. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1. Among 18 types of hospital risks, the items that scored highest or the need of closer attention in safety management was the needle stick, medication errors, falling, and bed sores. 2. In most questions of the 18 incidences, the nurses showed that the estimated result would have positive signs except for hospital infections, burns, and bed sores. 3. Even though the survey shows that incidences and types of occurences varies according to the person's age and the time of incident, they mostly occur between midnight to 6AM. Falls and bed sores can be seen more in the elderly. Medications errors, hospital infections and burns are frequently found between the ages of one through twenty. 4. There was a higher mean score for recognizing the importance of those items than the importance of implementing them. Conclusion : In summary, nurses did perceive the need of safety management but the hospital policy for proper safety management was not established. So we recommended that the hospital administration would undertake an early detection and proper management system for hospital precautions, based on QA items & guidelines presented in this study.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.1350-1364
• /
• 2019

The ice damage occurs frequently in cold and dry region of western China in winter ice period and spring thaw period. In the drift ice condition, it is easy to form different extrusion force or impact force to damage tunnel lining, causing project failure. The failure project could not arrive the original planning and construction goal, giving rise to the water allocation pressure which influences diversion irrigation and farming production in spring. This study conducts the theoretical study on contact-impact algorithm of drift ices crashing diversion tunnel based on the symmetric penalty function in finite element theory. ANSYS/LS-DYNA is adopted as the platform to establish tunnel model and drift ice model. LS-DYNA SOLVER is used as the solver and LS-PREPOST is used to do post-processing, analyzing the damage degrees of drift ices on tunnel. Constructing physical model in the experiment to verify and reveal the impact damage mechanism of drift ices on diversion tunnel. The software simulation results and the experiment results show that tunnel lining surface will form varying degree deformation and failure when drift ices crash tunnel lining on different velocity, different plan size and different thickness of drift ice. The researches also show that there are damages of drift ice impact force on tunnel lining in the thawing period in cold and dry region. By long time water scouring, the tunnel lining surfaces are broken and falling off which breaks the strength and stability of the structure.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of new product diffusion. We seek to document and explain systematic features of product diffusion. In this essay, we examine the well-documented empirical regularity that the speed of diffusion has accelerated during the twentieth century. The empirical results show that the main source of acceleration are faster declines in prices. Faster price declines make the product affordable to more consumers within a given period of time. Based on theories of intertemporal price discrimination and learning-by-doing, the association between the speed of adoption and the speed of price decline was explained. Faster price declines are attributed to several product characteristics as well as changes in income distribution. Above all, the introduction of consumer electronic products in more recent years can be regarded as the most important factor in accelerating price declines. Consumer electronic products are technologically different from non-electronic goods, in that semiconductors are important components. As the price of semiconductors has dropped rapidly, the falling production costs can be rapidly incorporated to the price of consumer electronic goods. Furthermore, most of the recently introduced consumer electronic products have network externalities, and many products with network externalities require complementary products. A complementary product becomes more readily or cheaply available as more people have the main product. One major difference between previous studies and this study is that the former focuses only on the factors that operate directly on the speed of adoption, while this study incorporated factors that work through price changes as well as the factors that work directly on the speed of adoption.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.405-410
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 솔잎분말을 첨가하여 기능성식빵을 제조하기 위한 반죽의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 일반 성분측정 결과 생 솔잎은 수분 58.1%, 조단백질 4.5%, 조지방 3.9%, 조회분 0.9%, 식이섬유량 9.3%로 나타났다. 반죽의 pH 측정 결파 대조구의 pH는 5.9, 솔잎분말 $1{\sim}3%$ 첨가시에는 $5.8{\sim}5.5$ 범위로 나타났다. 반죽의 호화도는 솔잎분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 호화 개시 온도는 증가하였고 최고 점도는 감소하였다. 반죽의 falling number는 솔잎분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌다. Farinograph, alveograph에 의한 분석결과 수분흡수율의 경우 솔잎분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 반죽 안정도는 증가하였고, 반죽 발전시간은 감소하였다. Alveograph은 최대압력을 나타내는 P값은 솔잎분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌고 부피와 신장성도 솔잎의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 반죽 발효팽창력 또한 솔잎분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 솔잎분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 제빵 반죽의 물리성이 떨어진다는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.530-534
• /
• 2007

Nasal fractures are the most common type of facial fractures. Nowdays computed tomography is found to be very helpful in diagnosing nasal fracture, especially in findings the nasal septal fractures. From August 2004 to July 2005, 36 cases of nasal fracture were admited and reviewed to oral and maxillofacial surgery of Ulsan University Hospital, not including other facial bone fracture. Out of 223 cases of facial bone fractures, we treated 47 cases of nasal fractures. We reviewed and examined the 36 patients of nasal fractures 2months postoperative. The results were 28cases of male and 8cases of female. The highest age frequency was in the fourth decades group. The most frequent causes of injury were falling down and fist trauma. The 25(69%) patients were found to have septal fractures, after computed tomography findings. The treatment methods of nasal fracture were closed reduction(13cases), open reduction(20cases), ORIF(1case), non operation(2cases). Complications of nasal deformity were found in 2patients. Septoplasty was performed on 21 patients. Septal fractures in combination with nasal fracture are usually unrecognized and untreated at the time of injury, usually ended in nasal deformities. It is important to find out the exact type of nasal fractures. We will report the results of treatment of nasal fractures with a literature review.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.23-34
• /
• 2002

본 논문에서는 진화전략을 이용하여 빠르게 학습하는 새로운 구조의 뉴로퍼지 시스템을 제안하고 제안한 시스템의 효용성을 입증하기 위하여 비선형 시스템 동정에 응용한 결과를 설명한다. 뉴로퍼지 시스템의 학습 방법으로는 지금까지 주로 변형된 오류역전파 알고리즘과 최적화 기법인 유전자 알고리즘이 많이 사용되어왔으나, 오류역전파 알고리즘은 학습시간이 많이 걸리며 유전자 알고리즘은 해를 유전형 형태로 표현함으로 인하여 미세한 탐색이 힘든 단점이 있었다. 본 논문에서 사용한 진화전력은 해를 표현형의 개체로 나타내어 실수형태로 진화하기 대문에 미세한 탐색이 가능하며 오류역전파 알고리즘에 비해 지역해에 빠질 가능성이 작고 속도가 빠른 장점이 있다. 제안한 뉴로퍼지 시스템을 비선형 시스템 동정에 적용한 결과 학습속도가 빠르며 학습결과도 우수함을 보았다.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.277-302
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study is to suggest fundamental information about wearing method and production of brassiere, which is suitable for physiological hygiene and efficient action for elderly women. The subject is 418 elderly women aged 50∼69 years old. Data is processed by a computer(SAS) and is analyzed by using frequency, percentage, x²-test. The main results of this study are as follows. 1. Elderly women'weight and breast size are higher thant their younger counterparts'in their 20's, but the older and poorer women with more children have smaller weight and breast. Most of the elderly women feel that their breasts are drooped or falling apart. I fact, those elderly women who gave birth to more children have more drooped and wider breasts. The major type of elderly women'breast is the 'drooped breast' featured more by those elderly women who have more children. 2. Most of the elderly women began to wear the brassiere for the first time in their 20's the older women with more children began to wear the brassiere earlier, while those less educated and poorer began to protect their breasts with brassiere later. Many elderly women wear the brassiere to be protected from dirt, noise or look more neat, but day tend to wear the brassiere not all day around but at certain times, older, less educated and proper women with more children tend to use the brassiere for etiquette and less often. This group of elderly women feel tedious, stage or uncomfortable for the brassiere. 3. Most of the elderly women know about their brassiere size. Such variables as age, education and income are correlated positively with the interest in and consciousness of the brassiere size. All in all, the statistical distribution of elderly women's brassiere size is very wide, while most of them use 90A, 85A and 95A sizes. On the other hand, the most popular size of the under bust circumference is 85∼90cm, while their primary cup size is A.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한예방의학회 1994년도 교수 연수회(역학)
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 1994

Phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention was a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial designed to determine the efficacy of seven nonpharmacologic interventions in reducing blood pressure among persons with high-normal diastolic blood pressure. the initial goal for recruitment was to enroll 2,100 participants over a nine-month period. The yield from the first screening visit to randomization was 13% overall, with clinic-specific yields ranging from 4.5% to 31.7%. After five months of recruitment, approximately 60% of the goal for that point in the recruitment timetable had been randomized. Clinical centers falling short of their goals at that time altered their recruitment strategies and intensified their efforts, and centers that had exceeded their goals recruited additional participants. As a result, 2,182 participants, or 104\% of the goal for recruitment, were randomized over a 13-month period. Those clinics using a cohort, or wave, type of enrollment were most successful in achieving their recruitment goals within the prescribed timetable.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2009

Background: This study had been carried out with 20 elderly subjects as its object for about one month from November 3, 2008 to December 14, 2008 in order to observe the effect of Underwater Treadmill on the elderly's walking and balance ability. Methods: Subjects were assigned either experimental group (n=10) or the control group (n=10), experimental group received Underwater Treadmill program (30 min per course, 3days a week for 6weeks). Subjects were assessed for muscle power (Nicolas Manual Muscle Test), balance (Functional Reach Test), gait ability (Time Up and Go, 10M walking test) before experiments and after experiments. Results: The results of this study were as follows; 1. After underwater treadmill exercise, the change of isometric contraction indicated a beneficial increase on lower extremity muscle power of experimental group and functional test of balance function; FRT, TUG indicated beneficial difference between groups. 2. beneficial difference between groups in walking speed of hourly index change of walking function. 3. between muscle power and balance, gait ability, we could find out there's high correlation ship between lower extremity muscle power increasing and balance and gait ability of the elderly. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise using underwater treadmill effects on muscle power strengthening of the elderly, and because of this, increase of lower extremity muscle power is very helpful not only to improvement of balance ability, but also to improvement of gait ability, so it will be used as a physical therapy program on clinic and used as an exercise program for protecting the elderly from falling down very well.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.819-826
• /
• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of dental emergencies. This study was carried out for dental trauma patients visiting the emergency room in H hospital from 2005 to 2006. Methods : Subjects were 252 patients. Demographic characteristics consisted of age, gender, dentition, and dental related injury. Results : Male patients had 1.65 times higher tooth injury than female. Teenagers had higher prevalence of tooth injury. Main cause of dental injury was falling down. Young children accounted for 41.7% of the injuries. Late evening was the highest outbreak time of injury. The most commonly affected teeth were central incisor and lateral incisor. The damage of oral soft tissue was more common than the that of alveolar bone. Main area of primary tooth loss was gingiva(10.7%), tongue or soft palate(7.5%), and frenulum(6.0%). Subluxation(28.6%) and luxation(28.6%) were main cause for the primary teeth. Tooth fracture(50.0%) were the most common injury. Conclusions : Thus, to understand the incidence, causes and patterns of dental trauma is to help preserving natural teeth. The results of this study could provide the clinical guidelines on the treatment of dental emergency patients.