• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the degree of pain belief in musculoskeletal patients, and to identify the correlation with chronic pain, pain coping and pain disability. Methods: A total of 203 inpatients or outpatients with chronic pain in orthopedics agreed voluntarily to participate in this study and answer a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and simple linear regression. Results: The degree of pain belief in this study showed statistically significant differences depending on their age, education, job, health status, and pain duration. Among the variables correlating with pain belief in this study, there were positive correlations between pain and pain disability, pain and passive coping, pain belief and passive coping, pain belief and pain, pain belief and pain disability. The strongest correlation was passive coping and pain disability. Conclusion: From the results of this study, we concluded that it is necessary to develop the nursing intervention which can help reducing negative pain belief in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Also we need to enhance the ways of coping to active or chronic pains for controlling them effectively.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.151-171
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• 2004

TAKAHASHI Toru (1878-1967) was one of the most significant Koreanologists in Japanese academic field. He was a professor of Kyeongseong Imperial University in the prewar period and Tenri University (department of Korean studies) in the postwar period. He was majored in Korean intellectual history and literature. His achievements, especially on Korean Confucianism and Buddhism, are still referred and influential. He wrote two pamphlets published by department of education of the Government-General of Korea in 1920. This year was a year after of 3.1 Independent Demonstration. This riot might have demanded Japanese governors to survey about Korean mentality and characteristics. One of outcomes was Chousenjin (Korean People). The pamphlet tried to explain the Korean character in the perspective of a essentialism in Korean race. The other was a simple outline about history of Korean religions entitled Chousen shukyoushi ni arawaretaru sinkou no tokushoku (The characteristics of faith in the history of Korean religions). He explained that Korean religions, especially its Buddhism, were easily influenced by political condition. These pamphlets seemed to be typically colonialistic, since such negative characteristics of Korean made Japanese colonial rule legitimated as the Mission of civilization and enlightenment. His discourses synchronized with the desire of Japanese Imperialism. This article attempted to analyze his discourses in the perspective of postcolonial critics and sociology of knowledge.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.77-116
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to argue that religious maturity is necessary for the healthy life of the aged of Korean churches in the rapidly aging society. It is also to suggest educational method for the formation and development of a positive image of God for relations with God, which is essential factor in religious maturity. To this end, this study argues that the direction and task of senior education should be religious maturity through the search for prior research on church education of senior citizens. This study also looked at the variables involved in how religious maturity affects many areas of human life. To achieve the task of religious maturity, the biblical and theological concept of maturity and religious psychological concepts of maturity are summarized, and the concept of God's image for relations with God, which is important in religious maturity, and the variables related to mature human life are examined. This study was proposed methods of church education for the formation and development of a positive image of God in order to have the right relationship with God for the religious maturity of the elderly on intellectual, emotional and behavioral levels. In the intellectual aspect, it was proposed to educate the concept of biblical and theological God and and to educate the elderly to recognize themselves as beings that need to grow and mature in order to constantly establish relationships with God. In the affective aspect, it was proposed to educate the elderly to reflect on and identify the origin and formation process of God's image and to heal their distorted God's image with an educational counseling approach. In the behavioral aspect, it was suggested to educate their roles of faith education for the next generation as parents and grandparents and to educate using educational methods that induce them to practice their relationship with God to appear in daily life.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.424-434
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• 2002

Background & purpose Since the 1970's the rate of breast-feeding has decreased significantly. The Korean National Institute of Health reported that the rate of breastfeeding was 68.9% in 1982 and 14.1% in 1997. There are many influencing factors including: the lack of education and information on breast feeding, lack of faith in breast feeding, increment of the rate of working, lack of encouragement by supporters in difficult situations, and nurses' low level of knowledge about breast feeding. Such a lack of knowledge and support of breast-feeding at home by family members create another dilemma to the problem of breast-feeding. If problems arise and family members are unable to provide assistance due to the deficiency of knowledge, mothers show a tendency to abandon breast-feeding. The purpose of this research is to find out the rate of breast-feeding practice by time sequence of 1 week, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after birth and influencing factors on breast-feeding practice centered on the postpartal women who were 3discharged from one hospital, which is located in Seoul and provides simple breast-feeding education and continuous postnatal telephone consultation. Methodology The subjects of this research were 54 women who gave birth in a hospital located in Seoul from 1 March 2000 to 31 April 2000. After birth the subjects were educated individually about breast-feeding and telephone consultations were conducted. On the 1st week, 6th week, and 12th week, the subjects were surveyed about their breast-feeding practice rates and methods by telephone. Results 1) Complete breast-feeding rate: Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 64.2% complete breast-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks, 39.6%, and 12 weeks, 34.1%. 2) Partial breast-feeding rate: Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 32.1% partial breast-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks, 39.6%, and 12 weeks 15.1%. 3) Complete bottle-feeding rate Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 1.9% complete bottle-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks of giving birth 15.1%, and 12 weeks 17.0%. These results show that individual education about breast-feeding and continuous postnatal telephone consultation influenced on the practice of breast-feeding. On considering the reality of the hospital situation in which nurses could not operate education program due to the work-load, it is necessary to find out selectively those mothers who are unable to breast feed and provide education individually and continuous support by telephone follow up. Futhermore, the active role of lactation nurse specialist and their efficient management of breast-feeding for the successful practice is required.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 1999

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify hospice volunteers' perception of the death. Methods : This study was conducted with 327 adults who registered for the hospice volunteer education program in Severance Hospice Center from 1996 through 1999. The 4-years data was collected through a self-reporting questionnaire constructed and revised by the authors. The questionnaire was classified into 5 categories. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS/W. Results : 1) Hospice volunteers were mostly female(93.9%) with an average age of 48 years. The majority(82.6%) of the participants were Protestant. 2) From the 4-years data over 90 percent of participants thought of death as a process of life and responded positively to these three items : 'Death is a temporary separation from family', 'I will die in peace', 'Faith in God results in a freedom from fear of death'. 3) Age were statistically relevant to the following items: 'I often read the obituaries in the newspaper', 'Dying is a tragedy', and 6 items were significantly related to religion: 'I rarely think of dying unexpectedly', 'Death is a temporary separation from family'. 'Dying is a tragedy', 'We have to do our best to prolong life by use of modem medical technology', 'I feel comfortable thinking of death and dying, 'Faith in God results in a freedom from fear of death'. The finding that religiosity was related to perception of death is consistent with other reports. And $40{\sim}50$ year old Protestant women had more positive perception of death than $20{\sim}30$ year old women. Conclusion : The findings indicated an importance of considering the age and religiosity when we educate the hospice volunteers. And that will be a important basic-data to develope program for hospice volunteers.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.207-233
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• 2016

The purpose of current study is to investigate university students' attitudes toward prostitutes and factors affecting their attitudes. Based on previous research, age, grade, major, gender, religion, religious faith, watching pornography, prostitution experience, empathy level, anti-prostitution/anti-rape /human right education and gender equality level were constructed as independent variables. Using self-administered survey method, 502 students participated in survey. Research results indicated that average of respondents' attitudes toward prostitutes 4.19 was higher than median value(3). Results of multiple regression revealed that a male student, a social welfare and theology major student, a respondent with lower social-economic status, a respondent with higher level of empathy, and gender equality is more likely to demonstrate more supportive and positive attitude toward prostitute. Based on research results, developing programs aimed at enhancing empathy and gender equality, and implementing character education and prostitution/sexual violence prevention program were provided as policy implications.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.151-182
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• 2020

This study was about developing a diagnostic assessment tool for the health of Baptist Church. To enable this, the definition of healthy Baptist churches and health factors was examined, diagnostic questions by church health factors was developed. Literature review and research of Delphi were used for research methods. Based on the quarter sampling method, the main survey was conducted on 395 people about factor analysis and needs analysis. Through this study, a healthy Baptist church is defined as a community of believers who glorify God by performing the functions of the church well, having the attributes of the church and the identity of the Baptist church as a body member of Christ. Factors of the healthy Baptist churches are community, loyalty of function, identity of Baptist church, and the essential qualities of the church. It was confirmed that there are 17 factors such as community of faith, worship, priesthood of all believers, and apostolicity. For measuring healthy Baptist Church, it consists of 199 diagnostic assessment questionnaires which can be reduced to 53 or 23 condensed diagnostic assessment questionnaires.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.329-339
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to consider of meaning in life based on Frankl's theory and to propose of hospice nursing according to conceptual framework of meaning in life. The conceptual framework of meaning in life is composed of 4 phases. According to the first phase, acceptance & awareness of self and life, hospice nurse should helps dying patient to accept limitedness of human existence and death. and according to the second phase, actualization of creative value, hospice nurse can helps dying patient to discover meaning in life through doing a deed for last time before his death. According to the third phase, actualization of experiential value, hospice nurse can helps them to discovery of meaning by experiencing of love through meetings with other people, nature, and god. According to the forth phase, actualization of attitudinal value, hospice nurse can helps them to discovery of meaning by realizing meaning in suffering and death through exercising of the inner freedom to choose bravery and acceptance in the face of death and misfortune. As mentioned above, the Frankl's theory accords with the core of hospice nursing that helps people to accomplish human essence in suffering and death. therefore we accepted Frankl's point of view, asserted that one of the most important roles of a hospice nurse as a supporter and sustainer for dying patients is to help patients to find meaning in life even in the course of death. To achieve the goal, hospice nurses should try to have a firm faith through philosophical introspection about life, death, human existence and meaning in life what the most important goal of life is to discover meaning in life and human have the duty and responsibility of recognizing and pursuing meaning up to the last moment of life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.7
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• pp.192-208
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• 2016

Due to the paradigm shift in fashion industry, its contribution to social activities and social enterprises' practice of ethical fashion has been on the rise lately. The surveillance and regulations of international community have increased in light of the betterment of working conditions and protection of the rights, and corporate social responsibility has been emphasized through consumers' interest in ethical consumption. In this regard, the fashion social enterprises' responsible and ethical management can both boost the trust in business and value-added. The study aims to propose feasible methods by exploring ways to induce support from central and local governments, which will lead to the activation of future fashion social enterprises and paradigms shift of consumers's perception and value. The sustainability of social enterprises requires management line or policies that consider social, environmental, economic, and political aspects of virtuous cycle, differentiated internally or externally. Fashion social enterprises also need ethic management and social responsibility management that are distinctive from general fashion enterprises. Thus, they will not be sustainable or differentiated unless entrepreneurial faith and role is not clear. Education and continuous promotion including upcycling are critical to build consumer base as they can make consumers spend ethically and recognize social enterprises. In addition, social education and public relations need to take place in order to internalize consumer pattern. The goal of sustainable corporate social activity is to change the awareness and become social investment that returns some profits to the society as members in line with reviewing corporate image. This can lead to establishing the foundation of securing a big comsumer market and winning the trust of the consumer's through corporate social responsibility and investment.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2004

In order to obtain basic data for a health promotion program of hair dressers, the health promoting behavior of some hair dressers was assessed with the related factors such as general characteristics and cognitive-perceptual factors. The subjects were 245 hair dressers working at beauty shops having at least two hair dressers. The data was collected by a questionnaire from October 14 to October 20, 2001. The results were as follows： 1. The mean score of health promoting behavior conducted by the hair dressers was 31.17 out of 50.00 in total score. 2. The score of the health promoting behavior was statistically different according to marriage, on-duty hours, holidays, satisfaction in the job, perceived health status, perceived fatigue, health concept, and self-efficacy (p＜.05), while it was not statistically different according to gender, religious faith, residence, eduation, economic levels, career in the job, average income, medical care insurance, employment insurance, control of fortuity, and control over other persons. 3. The health promoting behaviors in the hair dressers showed positive correlation with self-efficacy and internal control, while it showed negative correlation with control over other people, control of fortuity, health concept, and perceived fatigue. 4. The Regression analysis results of the questionnaire showed that perceived fatigue, health concept and office hours were significant factors but the age, the fact of being single or couple, position at the job, holidays, satisfaction of the job, self-control and stresses from other people and self-efficiency appeared insignificant. In conclusion, the hair dressers with less perceived fatigue and better cognitive health concept and short duty hours showed better health promoting behavior. So, In order to conduct health promoting behaviors of hair dressers, the method will need to control of working time and perceived fatigue.