• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.477-482
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• 2003

전자상거래에서 공정한 교환은 매우 중요한 요구 사항이다. 그러나 기존의 공정한 교환은 서명에 관련한 것이라서 익명성을 보장하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 프로토콜은 다음과 같은 몇 가지 중요한 특징을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 공정한 교환을 보장한다. 둘째, 참여자는 자신이 원하는 아이템을 반드시 받을 수 있다. 셋째, 문제가 발생한 경우가 아니면 진행 중에 신뢰기관(trusted third party)에게 중재를 요청하지 않는다. 마지막으로 고객의 익명성을 보장한다. 지금까지의 전자상거래 프로토콜은 위에서 말한 모든 조건을 동시에 만족시키지 못하고 있다. 또한 기존 전자상거래 프로토콜에서는 익명성 보장 문제로 공정한 교환을 적용하지 못하였다. 본 프로토콜에서는 공정한 교환을 이용하여 지불과정의 원자성을 보장하면서 익명성 문제까지 해결한 기법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.650-653
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• 2003

전자 메일(e-mail)은 현대인의 삶에서 매우 보편적으로 사용되고 있으며, 또한 비즈니스 측면에서도 필수적인 통신도구가 되고 있다. 현대 사회의 인프라가 온라인 환경으로 이동함에 따라서 전통적인 면대면(face-to-face)방식에서 예기치 못한 문제가 발생하고 있다. 하지만, 인터넷은 전자적 정보에 대한 안전하고, 공정한 교환(fair-exchange)과 같은 비즈니스 통신 모델에서 요구되는 서비스를 제공하지 못한다 본 논문에서는 기존의 보안 메일 기술인 S/MIME, PGP와는 차별화된 기술로서, 전달 메시지의 암호화는 물론 송·수신자 사이의 공정한 교환을 보장하는 Certified E-mail 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방안은 셀룰러 폰이나 PDA 사용자 단말기의 공개키 암호 알고리즘 연산에 따른 오버헤드를 최소화하도록 설계되었다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-40
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• 2024

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between accruals quality and managers' choice on the type of voluntary disclosure. Design/methodology/approach - Samples of this study are 8,248 firm-year observations listed in Korea Stock Exchange. Poisson regression analysis was hired in order to analyze the association between disclosure frequency and accruals quality because the dependent variables are count data. Findings - First, this study finds that managers' use of non-earnings-related type of voluntary disclosure is negatively related to accruals quality while their use of earnings-related disclosure is positively related to accruals quality. Second, discretionary accruals quality as well as innate accruals quality is significantly associated with disclosure frequency. Research implications or Originality - This study extends the line of research by incorporating the content of voluntary disclosure, earnings- and non-earnings-related information. The results of this study suggest that accruals quality may play a role in the choice of disclosure manner when investigating managers' voluntary disclosure.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2022

Derivative-linked securities (DLS) is a type of derivatives that offer an agreed return when the underlying asset price moves within a specified range by the maturity date. The underlying assets of DLS are diverse such as interest rates, exchange rates, crude oil, or gold. A German 10-year bond rate-linked DLS and a USD-GBP CMS rate-linked DLS have recently become a social issue in Korea due to a huge loss to investors. In this regard, this paper accounts for the payoff structure of these products and evaluates their prices and fair coupon rates as well as risk measures such as Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Tail-Value-at-Risk (TVaR). We would like to examine how risky these products were and whether or not their coupon rates were appropriate. We use Hull-White Model as the stochastic model for the underlying assets and Monte Carlo (MC) methods to obtain numerical results. The no-arbitrage prices of the German 10-year bond rate-linked DLS and the USD-GBP CMS rate-linked DLS at the center of the social issue turned out to be 0.9662% and 0.9355% of the original investment, respectively. Considering that Korea government bond rate for 2018 is about 2%, these values are quite low. The fair coupon rates that make the prices of DLS equal to the original investment are computed as 4.76% for the German 10-year bond rate-linked DLS and 7% for the USD-GBP CMS rate-linked DLS. Their actual coupon rates were 1.4% and 3.5%. The 95% VaR and TVaR of the loss for German 10-year bond rate-linked DLS are 37.30% and 64.45%, and those of the loss for USD-GBP CMS rate-linked DLS are 73.98% and 87.43% of the initial investment. Summing up the numerical results obtained, we could see that the DLS products of our interest were indeed quite unfavorable to individual investors.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.483-491
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• 2012

This study is to investigate the issues on how to secure stability during the purification process for the production of recombinant protein A. The final recombinant protein A is produced by passing through the cation exchange column (SP) and the anion-exchange column (Q) during the production process, for which the samples produced by the step-by-step processes can be exposed to trouble in securing stable storage in case the next process cannot be taken within the proper time period. Accordingly, this study aims to evaluate the proper storage conditions and length of time when storing samples produced in the production process. That is, in this study, how to store fair samples, how long the storage period should be set up, and how to evaluate the security of its quality depending on time are dealt with. The items to be experimented with were enodotoxin, SDS-PAGE, HPLC purity and concentration. Experimental results showed that after passing the cation exchange column, when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ or room temperature, SDS-PAGE showed a major band, endotoxin is 5.0 Eu/mg or less, and concentration is on average of 8.21 to 8.24 mg/mL and RSD% 0.10~0.62%. In addition, HLPC purity showed somewhat stable results; at the HPLC purity 214 nm, the average is 99.24% to 99.37% and RSD% is 0.22~0.29%, while the average is 89.72% to 89.80% and RSD% 0.62~1.26% at 280 nm. On the contrary, after passing the anion exchange column, when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ or room temperature, SDS-PAGE revealed the major band, endotoxin is 0.5 Eu/mg or less, and concentration is on average of 5.59 mg/mL and RSD% 0.03~0.10%. when it comes to HLPC purity, the result showed that at the HPLC purity 214 nm, the average is 99.74% and RSD% is 0.10~0.11%, while the average is 96.16% to 96.85% and RSD% 0.72~1.13%. In conclusion, the stability of fair samples of recombinant protein A during the manufacturing process could be obtained without substance decomposition for 7~8 days at $4^{\circ}C$ or 20~21 days at room temperature.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.2546-2566
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• 2016

This paper investigates an efficient transmission scheme for the remote wireless sensors to receive information which is rarely discussed in the integrated remote wireless sensor and multibeam satellite networks (IWSMSNs). The networks can be employed to exchange sensing information for emergency scenario, ocean scenario, and so on, which are isolated from available terrestrial networks. As the efficient transmission link is important to the IWSMSNs, we propose a hybrid full frequency (HFF) precoding by taking advantage of frequency reuse and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding. Considering energy efficiency and sinks fairness are crucial to transmission link, thus the HFF precoding problems are formulated as transmit power minimization (TPM) and max-min fair (MMF) received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) problems, which can be transformed to indefinite quadratic optimization programs. Then this paper presents a semi-definite programming (SDP) algorithm to solve the problems for the IWSMSNs. The promising potential of HFF for the real IWSMSNs is demonstrated through simulations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.216-224
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• 2008

The represented Design Language have to include design meaning by functions in Interior. It also is able to easy and quick to understand in conversation for the design proposal. In this study, 6 stages suggest for the basic forming image in Interior Design. Those are form, line, space, color, material and principles of design. And essential image language arranged by preceding research. The fundamental 6 elements of space are used for explanation with the minimum method to make consumer understand through some image. Image has the communication function as a visual conversation in Space Design. The purpose of using the image language is the exchange into communication by written visual image. In order to it is necessary to delivery correct meaning of Interior Design for the understand between consumer and designer for the suggestion through images. Therefore, making categories for representation-language from image features of interior design is a important research with the value to share the spatial pattern. It will be expected to add the spatial Image language by processing with new trend.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 1999

The Streptomyces albulus broth, when the polylysine in the broth, that has powerful growth inhibiting effect far many microbes, is its maximum, had filtered off the cells, to use the broth as preservative for keeping favorable taste of Korean Kimchi. Some microorganisms in their specific growth medium, known to deteriorate the useful nutrient of the Kimchi, has grown with different amounts of the inhibiting broth, to determine the minimum growth inhibition concentration. The ${\varepsilon}$-poly-L-lysine had been identified from the IR spectroscopic analysis of the purified poly lysine of the broth from ion exchange chromatographic separation. The content of the polylysine had been determined by methyl orange decoloration effect. Though the minimum inhibition concentration, evaluated by the naked eye based on the conventional method measuring the turbid feature after 18 hours of culture, has different values each other, the observed effects confirmed that the crude broth could be used as a natural preservative for the Kimchi in extending the fair taste.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.11
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• pp.1909-1928
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• 2011

Node cooperation during packet forwarding operations is critically important for fair resource utilization in Community Wireless Mesh Networks (CoWMNs). In a CoWMN, node cooperation is achieved by using fairness protocols specifically designed to detect and isolate malicious nodes, discourage unfair behavior, and encourage node participation in forwarding packets. In general, these protocols can be split into two groups: Incentive-based ones, which are managed centrally, and use credit allocation schemes. In contrast, reputation-based protocols that are decentralized, and rely on information exchange among neighboring nodes. Centrally managed protocols inevitably suffer from scalability problems. The decentralized, reputation-based protocols lacks in detection capability, suffer from false detections and error propagation compared to the centralized, incentive-based protocols. In this study, we present a new fairness protocol management scheme, called Hybrid FPMS that captures the superior detection capability of incentive-based fairness protocols without the scalability problems inherently expected from a centralized management scheme as a network's size and density grows. Simulation results show that Hybrid FPMS is more efficient than the current centralized approach and significantly reduces the network delays and overhead.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.279-298
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• 1999

Information gap widens as the information society matures. This paper delineates the factors causing information gap as socioeconomic gap, commercialization of information privation of information means and information explosion. Due to these factors information gap between the information poor and the information rich inevitably widens. To bridge the information gap requires policy efforts that are based on democratic principles. This paper asserts that the public domain of information should be secured to ensure the fair and equal access to information and use of information. It is also argued that the function and role of the public information systems such as public libraries, public schools should be expanded and fortified to ensure the minimum level of fairness and equality in an information society. It is suggested that a public site in a cyber-space might be needed to form public opinions and exchange basic information.