• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2003

Objectives : This study researched into clinical statistics for patients recieved oriental medicine treatments In the Um-sung Gun Dae-so Myun health care center during eight months from May 1 2002 to December 31 2002. The number of object was 246 cases of 234 persons. Results & Conclusions : Analyzing these 234 persons, the rate of males to females was 1 to 2.1. As for the distribution of age, the age of 61 to 70 occupied 44.02 % and the age of 61 to 90 occupied 76.5 % ih the Whole patients. Therefore female was very highly more than male and patients were for the most part, old ages (61 years old and over) Musculoskeletal disease of 202 cases occupied 82.13 %, were the highest rate. At the duration of disease 1 year to 5 years occupied 26.92 %, was the highest. The Grade II was the most of the sign of patients at first visit, it occupied 47.86 %, The Fair(+) and over effect of treatments occupied 96.84 %, the failure(-) Of effect treatments occupied 3.16 %. As for the duration of treatment, the case of 2 times to 5 times visit occupied 38.03 %, was the highest. By medication of treatment, O-juk-san(五積山) occupied 35.10 %, was the highest rate. The average 8.67 persons treated with oriental medicine a day, the average 1.36 person received the first medical examination a day.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2007

Purpose: Study was to evaluate the operative results for tarsal coalition with tarsal tunnel syndrome. Materials and Methods: From Jan. 2005 to Mar. 2006, among a number of patients who were diagnosed with tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by tarsal coalition and treated surgically, 5 patients were closely observed for more than 12 months. All cases were talocalcaneal coalition and there were two male and three female patients with a mean age of 36 years (22-50 years). We used the Takakura rating scale as clinical evaluation. Results: All five patients had a burning pain in the sole or extended to toes and showed positive Tinel's sign. Sensory disturbances were observed in the distribution of the medial plantar nerves in four patients and in the area of the medial and lateral plantar nerves in one. Atrophy and weakness of the plantar muscles were seen in two patients. The mean Takakura scale in preoperative and postoperative was 3.4 points (1 to 5 points), 8.6 point (6 to 10 points). The mean follow up was 14.4 months (12 to 16 months). The postoperative results were excellent in two patients, good in two and fair in one. As postoperative complications, there were persistent swelling in one patient and a flexion disturbance of Hallux in one. Conclusion: The coalition resection performed on tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by tarsal coalition could improve a level of pains and neurological symptoms significantly. However, since there were some undesirable complications, a detailed explanation to patients is required prior to surgical treatment and study of such complications may be required.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2012

Background : Axillary osmidrosis is characterized by an unpleasant odor, profuse sweating, and in some instances, staining of clothes that may socially and psychologically impair affected individuals. Various types of surgical procedures have been developed for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of subcutaneous pulsed neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) laser treatment for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Methods : Twenty-nine patients with axillary osmidrosis were included in this study. Patients were categorized according to the results of an axillary malodor grading system, and a subcutaneous pulsed Nd-YAG laser was applied to all patients. The treatment area for the appropriate distribution of laser energy was determined using the iodine starch test (Minor's test) against a grid pattern composed of $2{\times}2cm$ squares. The endpoint of exposure was 300 to 500 J for each grid, depending on the preoperative evaluation results. The results were evaluated by measurement of axillary malodor both pre- and postoperatively using the grading system and iodine starch test. Results : The average follow-up period was 12.8 months. Nineteen patients had a fair-to-good result and ten patients had poor results. The postoperative Minor's test demonstrated that there were remarkable improvements for patients with mild to moderate symptoms. Complications including superficial second degree burns (n=3) were treated in a conservative manner. A deep second degree burn (n=1) was treated by a surgical procedure. Conclusions : Subcutaneous pulsed Nd-YAG laser has many advantages and is an effective noninvasive treatment for mild to moderate axillary osmidrosis.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.493-499
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• 2015

우리나라는 1995년 이동전화 가입자수가 백만명, 1998년 천만명을 돌파한 이래 비약적으로 증가하여 현재 우리나라는 인구대비 이동통신단말기의 보급률이 110%를 넘어섰다. 현재는 어린이나 학생 등 비경제 활동 인구들까지 이동통신 단말기를 사용하고 있다. 명백히 필수재가 된 이동통신 단말기는 그 보급대수가 냉장고, 세탁기, 진공청소기 및 승용차를 추월하고 있다. 그런데 이동통신의 생활화로 이동통신단말기와 서비스는 아주 중요한 필수재로 자리매김하였으나 단말기 대금과 서비스요금 을 비롯한 통신관련 비용은 가계의 큰 부담이 되고 있다. 그런데 공정한 경쟁을 통하여 소비자 후생 나아가 사회적 후생을 최대화 할 수 있도록 시장의 실패를 방지해야할 정부는 적시에 적절한 역할을 하지 못하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 이동통신전화가 상용화된 1990년대 초부터 현재까지의 이동통신정책중 이동통신망 공동이용, 번호이동, 단말기 유통과 이통서비스의 분리, 망중립성 확보는 주인-대리인문제(principal agent problem) 등 공공선택과 관련한 문제점들을 노정하고 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권2A호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2006

Part-I과 II를 포함하는 본 연구에서는 하향링크 직교 주파수분할 다중접속(OFDMA) 방식을 위한 실제적인 동적 채널할당 방법에 대해 논의한다. OFDMA 시스템은 채널의 상태정보 궤환을 위한 상향링크에서의 오버헤드를 줄이기 위해 부반송파들의 집합을 하나의 부채널로 정의하고 이를 채널의 상태정보 궤환, 사용자 다중화 및 전력/부호화율 할당의 단위로 사용하는데 본 논문(part-I)에서는 부채널의 일반화된 형태로 연속구조와 분산구조를 정의하고 이들 각 부채널구조의 통계적 특성을 살펴본다. 특히, 각 구조에 대해 부채널상에서의 신호대 잡음비(SNR) 분포를 라이스 분포로 모델링함으로써 각 부채널의 채널 상태를 채널이득의 순시 평균 및 분산의 1, 2차 모멘트로 나타내고 주어진 다중경로 채널 모델에 대해 이 두 파라미터 값의 확률 분포를 유도한다. 본 논문의 결과는 part-II에서 라이스 모델링에 기초한 일반화된 동적자원할당 알고리즘을 제시하고 성능분석을 수행하는데 사용된다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.167-181
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• 2008

There are lack of labour and increase in logistics costs due to rapid change in logistics environments and the demand for logistics. The reality is that over spending on logistics costs are getting worse due to lack of logistics standardization. An example will be excessive logistics costs caused by unsatisfactory use of logistics equipments in wholesale markets. The logistics efficiency is falling due to delays in using logistics equipments and standardization. Therefore, there needs standardization of logistics functions and unit of handling in each stage from packing, unloading, storage, transporting, logistics information and needs logistics standardization on equipments, machineries used for the above. Standard unified with standardization is called specification and if standardization is applied broadly in manufacturing or processing, inspection than each process in terms of production can be managed rationally and labour skills will improve and product quality will be evenly maintained and compatability of each part in terms of assembly will be maintained thus materials and labour could be saved thus results in increasing productivity and lowering production costs. Also, if it is applied in industry at state-level then there will be rationalization in consumption in circulation as in purchase of raw materials, sales of products, purchase of products by consumers and contribute in improving compatibility and fair transactions. This paper is aimed to help in first solving factors affecting the most in improving logistic efficiency among unit load system and logistic hollowization, standardizing logistics base, standardizing logistics information. The study conducted surveys on limited companies but hope that in the future the target companies can be divided further into types, industries and conduct more demonstrative analysis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2005

Objectives: To propose a risk-adjustment model from insurance claims data, and analyze the changes in cesarean section rates of healthcare organizations after adjusting for risk distribution. Methods: The study sample included delivery claims data from January to September, 2003. A risk-adjustment model was built using the 1st quarter data, and the 2nd and 3rd quarter data were used for a validation test. Patients' risk factors were adjusted using a logistic regression analysis. The c-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the performance of the risk-adjustment model. Crude, predicted and risk-adjusted rates were calculated, and compared to analyze the effects of the adjustment. Results: Nine risk factors (malpresentation, eclampsia, malignancy, multiple pregnancies, problems in the placenta, previous Cesarean section, older mothers, bleeding and diabetes) were included in the final risk-adjustment model, and were found to have statistically significant effects on the mode of delivery. The c-statistic (0.78) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test ($x^2$=0.60, p=0.439) indicated a good model performance. After applying the 2nd and 3rd quarter data to the model, there were no differences in the c-statistic and Hosmer-Lemeshow $x^2$. Also, risk factor adjustment led to changes in the ranking of hospital Cesarean section rates, especially in tertiary and general hospitals. Conclusion: This study showed a model performance, using medical record abstracted data, was comparable to the results of previous studies. Insurance claims data can be used for identifying areas where risk factors should be adjusted. The changes in the ranking of hospital Cesarean section rates implied that crude rates can mislead people and therefore, the risk should be adjusted before the rates are released to the public. The proposed risk-adjustment model can be applied for the fair comparisons of the rates between hospitals.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2006

용존산소 센서 및 시스템에서 손실되는 산소량을 보정하기 위해 멸균처리 기법을 도입하였다. 멸균처리 시료의 DO 거동과 비멸균처리 시료의 DO 거동차(${\Delta}$DO)는 시스템의 영향과 무관하게 폐수 자체의 순수한 미생물만이 소모하는 산소변화량을 구하였다. 용존산소 센서로 축산폐수의 시간에 따른 DO거동(-d${\Delta}$DO/dt)을 측정하여 구한 폐수 자체의 미생물에 의한 산소소모속도는 0.00074mg $O_2/{\ell}{\cdot}sec$이었다. 축산폐수의 원액을 희석하여 다양한 BOD값을 갖도록 시료를 제조한 후 DO meter로 측정하여 구한 DO 변화량은 동일한 시료를 5일 BOD 측정방법인 Winkler Azide화 변법으로 구한 BOD값과 선형구간($30{\sim}60$분)에서 97.72%의 높은 상관 선형성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구의 multi-biosensor 시스템은 축산폐수의 BOD를 짧은 시간에 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권10B호
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• pp.619-629
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• 2005

본 논문은 센서네트워크에서의 에너지기반 라우팅 알고리즘에 대한 연구 내용으로서, 특히 에너지 인지에 따르는 여러 가지 간결한 경로 설정방식을 연구하였다. 네트워크 자가 구성과정을 통해 확보된 이웃 노드의 에너지 정보를 기반으로, 단일 흡 라우팅을 결정하는 네 가지 방식을 제안하였다. 다수의 경로 간에 에너지 소비를 고르게 분포시키며 에너지를 효율적으로 활용하는 것이 설계 목표이다. 에너지 상태정보로는, 각 노드의 가용 에너지양이 기본적으로 활용되었다. 또한, 이웃 노드의 에너지 저하로 인해 관리노드로의 가용 경로정보가 상실된 경우, 간단한 우회 경로 탐색 방안을 제안하였고, 이는 에너지 효율성 개선방안으로 활용될 수 있음을 보였다. 제안된 알고리즘에 대해서 다양한 시뮬레이션을 기반으로 에너지 효율성, 데이터 전송의 신뢰성, 네트워크의 수명, 전송 delay 등 여러 성능 지표에 대한 검증을 수행하였으며, 단순한 구조의 라우팅 방안에 대한 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-66
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• 2008

This study has been carried out with the aims of developing a comprehensive inventory of peer relation problems, which is based on the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex scales (KIIP-C). It also aims to examine reliability and validity of the inventory, and provide a preliminary norms. For the current study, inventory items were culled from the following sources: the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex scales (KIIP-C), various current scales dealing with peer relations of children, and a survey of children's peer relation problems. The preliminary items for each scale were administered to 220 fourth through sixth graders. The resulting skewness of distribution, kurtosis, mean and standard deviation, item-total correlation, internal consistency, and meanings of the items were comprehensively considered in selecting the final 64 items. In order to check on reliability, internal consistency, convergence and discrimination reliability of the final items and scales, the data were collected from 1,046 fourth through sixth graders currently attending four elementary schools. The study results can be summarized as follows. Internal consistency of the inventory of peer relation problems showed the range between .70-.94 (median value of .75), split-half reliability between .67-.83 (median value of .75), and test-retest reliability between .69-.88 (median value of .81). Inter-correlation of 8 scale scores and factor analysis results of individual ipsative scores showed that the circumplex property of inventory of peer relation problems is appropriate. Regarding correlations between various existing indices and scales related to peer relation problems, both convergence reliability and discrimination reliability were found to be fair. When the scale scores for the inventory of peer relation problems compared according to the factors of gender and grade, the primary effects of gender and grade were statistically meaningful whereas effects of interaction between gender and grade were not. This study can be considered meaningful in that it constructed an inventory for a comprehensive evaluation of peer relation problems specific for children and provided preliminary norms.