• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed risks of the fabrication process equipment and cleanroom for semiconductor/flat panel display (FPD) manufacturing facilities and studied the fundamental safety measures for the risk factors. We examined the explosion proof design models considering the specificity of equipment and environment, and planned to utilize the findings to provide technical standards and grounds for designing and manufacturing related equipment. We believe that this study will contribute to the establishment of technical standards for semiconductor/FPD industry and businesses in many different ways by providing optimized modeling of high-risk explosion site detection, developing safety standards and hazard countermeasures and voluntary activation of safety certification system for operation of fabrication process equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

One of the key factors of a safe workplace is to communicate with the workers about safety. For this, natural gas workplace is developing and operating related programs or communication activities. But, if there are silence behavior of the workers on the safety issues in this process, no positive outcomes could be expected for the workplace. The purpose of this study is to examine how safety silence motives, silence behavior, and safety communication influence each other. A total of 233 questionnaires based on the workers of natural gas workplace (in Seoul and Gyeonggi) were analyzed. The confidence analysis is to check consistency of the questions, analysis of the correlations between factors, and regression analysis to verify the hypotheses. As a result, the safety silence motives affected safety communication more seriously than the silence behavior did. Safety communication influenced safety silence motives more significantly than the silence behavior. The safety silence motives can be one of the reasons for safety communication to fail, and it was confirmed that a good safety communication does not necessary mean that there is no safety silence motivation. Based on such results, it is expected that improving and developing the safety communication activities of the workplace, it would improve safety in workplace in general.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-83
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• 2023

Since last year, the government has enforced the 'Act on the Punishment of Severe Accidents, Etc.' (hereafter referred to as the 'Serious Accident Punishment Act'), which punishes business owners and business managers who fail to fulfill their duty of safety measures with 'imprisonment of one year or more' and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Based on this, various occupational safety and health policies were developed, including the operation of a system related to entrusting the work of safety managers. Despite these efforts, the effect of implementing the Severe Accident Punishment Act is a groundbreaking change in the current disaster prevention policy, which has increased by 0.02%P and 0.03‱P, respectively, from the previous year to 0.65% of the total accident rate and 1.10‱ of the death rate per 10,000 people as of 2022. As the need emerged, attention was paid to 'collaboration and governance with safety management institutions' in the 'Severe Disaster Reduction Roadmap' announced by the Ministry of Employment and Labor in November 2022. In this study, a meaningful result was derived by comparing and analyzing the industrial accident status of workplaces entrusted by "A" safety management institutions with the national average based on the industrial accident survey table, and the types of industrial accidents that occurred in consigned workplaces were selected as intensive management targets. The policy direction for industrial accident prevention was established. It is necessary to develop safety management work manuals based on the results of this study, expertise, discover best cases of risk assessment and develop guides, and educate and train consigned workers. In addition, it suggests that the government's guidance and supervision are needed to advance the professionalism of safety management entrusted tasks, and that safety management institutions should strengthen their roles and functions for preventing and reducing industrial accidents. However, due to difficulties in disclosing information of specialized safety management institutions, the limitation of the provision, collection, and viewing of research-related data to "A" specialized safety management institutions remains a limitation of the research. It seems likely that more thorough research will be conducted.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2009

Masonry structures that are very strong in compression fail due to the instability of structural shape of geometry rather than the material stress limit. Considering such structural behavior, the use of the limit theorem that focuses on structural collapse mechanisms is more appropriate for the evaluation of the structural safety of stone voussoir arch bridges. This paper is to investigate structural performance of the stone arch bridges constructed using dry construction method in Korea based on the limit theorem and to exploit the result to develop a system for an structural safety margin. It is expected that this study will help us understand structural behavior of stone voussoir arch bridges in Korea. Also, it will provide a guideline to make engineering decision from the viewpoint of the maintenance of cultural heritages.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2024

Background: Learning from incidents for accident prevention is a two-stage process, involving the investigation of past accidents to identify the causal factors, followed by the identification and implementation of remedial measures to address the identified causal factors. The focus of past research has been on the identification of causal factors, with limited focus on the identification and implementation of remedial measures. This research begins to contribute to this gap. The motivation for the research is twofold. First, previous analyses show the recurring nature of accidents within the Ghanaian mining industry, and the causal factors also remain the same. This raises questions on the nature and effectiveness of remedial measures identified to address the causes of past accidents. Secondly, without identifying and implementing remedial measures, the full benefits of accident investigations will not be achieved. Hence, this study aims to assess the nature of remedial measures proposed to address investigation causal factors. Method: The study adopted SMARTER from business studies with the addition of HMW (H - Hierarchical, M - Mapping, and W - Weighting of causal factors) to analyse the recommendations from 500 individual investigation reports across seven different mines in Ghana. Results: The individual and the work environment (79%) were mostly the focused during the search for causes, with limited focus on organisational factors (21%). Forty eight percentage of the recommendations were administrative, focussing on fixing the problem in the immediate affected area or department of the victim(s). Most recommendations (70.4%) were support activities that only enhance the effectiveness of control but do not prevent/mitigate the failure directly. Across all the mines, there was no focus on evaluating the performance of remedial measures after their implementation. Conclusion: Identifying sharp-end causes leads to proposing weak recommendations which fail to address latent organisational conditions. The study proposed a guide for effective planning and implementation of remedial actions.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.717-723
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• 2011

When the Balise(the device to transmit information between the on-board equipment and the wayside equipment) failure occurs, it may not be able to transmit data(Telegram) required for the train running. And in some cases, it may be able to cause an accident. Therefore, both the Balise failure affecting train safety running and the hazard in accordance with Balise failure require some activities to establish them. General failure mode & hazard analysis associated with the Balise are described in UNISIG SUBSET-036 spec & UNISIG SUBSET-088 spec. And, with reference to these specifications, safety activities are being performed. In recent domestic railway, the train control system applying ETCS(European Train Control System) Level 1, 2 is being serviced and is being planned, and as part of this system, the Balise is being applied. The design-method of the Balise device for each manufacturer are different, therefore the Balise failure mode & failure rate are different, either. But the functionalities & transmission-data format(Telegram) of the Balise in ETCS Level 1, 2 application for each manufacturer are identical. Accordingly, the hazard caused by function-fail can be identical, either. In order to establish these hazard, in this paper, we analyzed the detailed functions of the Balise. And we analyzed the Balise failure types & failure effects in accordance with the detailed functions.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.289-300
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• 2020

With the rapid development of the distributed strain sensing (DSS) technology, the strain becomes an alternative monitoring parameter to analyze slope stability conditions. Previous studies reveal that the horizontal strain measurements can be used to evaluate the deformation pattern and failure mechanism of soil slopes, but they fail to consider various influential factors. Regarding the horizontal strain as a key parameter, this study aims to investigate the stability condition of a locally loaded slope by adopting the variable-controlling method and conducting a strength reduction finite element analysis. The strain distributions and factors of safety in different conditions, such as slope ratio, soil strength parameters and loading locations, are investigated. The results demonstrate that the soil strain distribution is closely related to the slope stability condition. As the slope ratio increases, more tensile strains accumulate in the slope mass under surcharge loading. The cohesion and the friction angle of soil have exponential relationships with the strain parameters. They also display close relationships with the factors of safety. With an increasing distance from the slope edge to the loading position, the transition from slope instability to ultimate bearing capacity failure can be illustrated from the strain perspective.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2009

Currently, the minimum breadth as a point available for U-turn setup is designated as "over 9m for one way" in the traffic safety facilities practical manuals, and vehicles allowed to make a U-turn are limited to passenger cars. However, as passenger cars have recently become larger and SUVs (Sports Utility Vehicles) are being popularized, they fail to make a U-turn in one attempt. This causes a traffic jam and a problem with traffic safety. This study proposed, compared, and tested the measured values of actual differences in the turning radius of U-turn by actual cars with estimated values by using PC-Crash, a car accident simulation program. Then, the study forecasted the turning radius of U-turns of Korean passenger cars by using PC-Crash, and proposed appropriate breadth for U-turn setup.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.11 no.1 s.34
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• pp.46-50
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• 2007

The metering systems in LPG vaporizers have been frequently exposed to severe conditions and resulted in many problems such as gauge malfunctioning and rupturing if the check-floaters fail to stop liquid outflow when the heat supply for the vaporization of LPG is interrupted. Therefore, to analysis the vaporizer system we carried out the vaporizer performance test and float bulb test by newly devised test equipments. Consequently, we determined the specific gravity of the float bulb and reasonable operating temperature ranges for the LPG and heating waters.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Background: Since November 2012, some of over-the-counter (OTC) medications have been sold in convenience store without pharmacist' s supervision. We purposed to examine if the product labels of OTCs provide sufficient information that is appropriate for consumers who may have low health literacy. Methods: We compared the difficulty of words that are utilized in pharmaceutical product labels of interest (intervention) with those in the $6^{th}$ grade textbook (control). Pharmaceutical products of interest were comprised of 13 OTCs which have been sold currently in convenience stores. We grouped words into the 4 levels of difficulty based on the Korean Vocabulary Classification for Education, and statistically tested words frequency in each level between OTCs and control. Results: The 13 OTC labels included lay language (easier or equal to language used in primary school) about 10% less; professional language about 10% more (p < 0.001 in all). Labels for analgesics had the longest and most difficult information, followed by common cold preparations, muscle pain relievers as plaster or cataplasma and digestives. Conclusion: The 13 OTC labels might fail to provide appropriate information for safety use by consumers in terms of the difficulty level of words. The improvement of labels of OTC medications and consumer education strategies are called for safety use of OTC medications sold in convenience stores.