• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2010

It has been shown that CA repeats in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of bcl-2 mRNA contribute the constitutive decay of bcl-2 mRNA and that hnRNP L (heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L) interacts with CA repeats in the 3'-UTR of bcl-2 mRNA, both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine whether the alteration of hnRNP L affects the stability of bcl-2 mRNA in vivo. Human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells were transfected with hnRNP L-specific shRNA or hnRNP L-expressing vector to decrease or increase hnRNP L levels, respectively, followed by an actinomycin D chase. An RT-PCR analysis showed that the rate of degradation of endogenous bcl-2 mRNA was not affected by the decrease or increase in the hnRNP L levels. Furthermore, during apoptosis or autophagy, in which bcl-2 expression has been reported to decrease, no difference in the degradation of bcl-2 mRNA was observed between control and hnRNP L-knock down MCF-7 Cells. On the other hand, the levels of AUF-1 and nucleolin, transacting factors for ARE in the 3'UTR of bcl-2 mRNA, were not significantly affected by the decrease in hnRNP L, suggesting that a disturbance in the quantitative balance between these transacting factors is not likely to interfere with the effect of hnRNP L. Collectively, the findings indicate that the decay of bcl-2 mRNA does not appear to be directly controlled by hnRNP L in vivo.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.145-152
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• 2022

Recently, interest in the precast concrete (PC) construction method has been increasing. The PC construction process consists of i) design, ii) production, iii) transportation, and iv) installation. A PC field manager at the site submits a shipment request form to the factory one to three days before the installation of the PC component. Numerous matters should be considered in writing a shipment request form. Incorrect shipment request forms may cause standby resources, waste of resources, premature work conclusion, or excessive work. These issues can lead to an increase in construction costs, replanning of PC component installation, or rework. In order to prevent such problems, PC component installation should be simulated based on the shipment request form. Accordingly, this study aims to identify factors influencing the operability of shipment request forms for PC construction. To this end, this study derived factors influencing i) initiation of the activity, ii) addition or deletion of activities, and iii) an increase or decrease in the activity execution time. As a result, this study identified flow, the features of PC components, condition of PC components, unloading location, installation location, input equipment and labor, number of anchors, number of supports, weather, strike, and accident. Further studies should verify the factors derived in this study based on focus group interviews.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2000

A properly prescribed wheelchair may be able to normalize tone. decrease pathologic reflex activity, improve postural symmetry, enhance range of movement, maintain and/or improve skin conduit)n. increase comfort and sitting tolerance, decrease fatigue, and improve function of the autonomic nervous system. Whereas a poorly prescribed one can actually exacerbate the problems associated with a disability. Maintained for longer without relief, pressure concentrations may also lead to tissue breakdown. Pressure sores continue to be a major problem for many disabled individuals. Many groups of disabled individuals have a very high incidence of pressure sores, including those individuals with spinal cord injuries. hemiplegia, multiple sclerosis. cancer. and the disabled geriatric population. It is important to understand the factors which predispose an individuals to the development of a pressure sores. Those factors can divided into extrinsic factors, related to the individual's immediate environment and intrinsic factors. related to their medical or physical condition. Pressure sores are generally preventable through sensible pressure management based on an understanding of the causes of pressure sores, risk factors and methods of redistributing pressure.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.544-548
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• 1998

A Monte Carlo simulation incorporated with the genetic algorithm is presented to describe the defect known as "transition from Y-to X-type deposition" of the cadmium arachidate Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer film. Simulation is performed based on the detachment models of XY-type deposition. The transition is simulated by introducing a probability of surface molecule detachment considering interaction between neighboring molecules. The genetic algorithm is incorporated into Monte Carlo simulation to get the optimum value of the probability factors. The distribution of layers having different thickness predicted by the simulation correlates well with the measured distribution of thickness using the small-angle X-ray reflectivity. The effect of chain length and subphase temperature on the detachment probability are investigated using the simulation. Simulation results show that an increase (or a decrease) of two hydrocarbon chain is roughly equivalent to the detachment probability to a temperature decrease (or increase) of 15 K.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2019

This study conducted a research as to condensation heat transfer by using three types of flat micro multi-channel tubes with different processing of micro-fin and number of channels inside the pipes and different sizes of appearances. In addition, identical studies were conducted by using smoothing circular tubes with 5mm external diameter to study heat transfer coefficient. The condensation heat transfer coefficient showed an increase as the vapor quality and mass flux increased. However, each tube shows little differences compared to 400kg/m2s or identical in case the mass flux are 200kg/m2s and 100kg/m2s. The major reason for these factors is increase-decrease of heat transfer area that the flux type of refrigerant is exposed to the coolant's vapor with the effect of channel aspect ratio or micro-fin. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient was unrelated to the heat flux, and shows a rise as the saturation temperature gets lower, an effect that occurs from enhanced density. The physical factor of heat transfer coefficient increased as the channel's aspect ratio decreased. Additionally, the micro pin at the multi-channel type tube is decided as a disadvantageous factor to condensation heat enhancement factor. That is, due to the effect of aspect ratio or micro-fin, the increase-decrease of heat transfer area that the flux type of a refrigerant is exposed to the vapor is an important factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.3
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• pp.83-102
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• 1973

The library as a social agency must study and evaluate its effectiveness and seek to improve its service for achieving the external objectives for which it was created. The study is an attempt to define the determining factors involved in change in library service. Library service evolves as a consequence of social need, which comprises unconventional demands of emerging areas in the subject ratio of literature, change in methods of research, change in the educational level of the community, and change in the user behavior. Since the library is an agency of communication, growth and specialization of information, and increase in variety of information media have effects on library service. The library is one of the many communication agencies in society, and increase or decrease in their programs can be determining factors of change in library service. Today, libraries depend more and more upon interlibrary cooperation to allow them to overcome their limitation in resources and time, and they can bring about changes in their service by adjusting themselves to the interlibrary cooperation arrangements available. Finally, library service is rendered as a result of theorizing as to what the library might or should do, and naturally theories or change in them may be determining factors of library service.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.321-331
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing decreasing depressive mood of married women with depression. Methods: Data that integrate the Korean longitudinal survey of women and families in 2014 and 2016 were used. Subjects for this study were 974 people who participated in the fifth survey in 2014 and the sixth survey in 2016, and married women were included in the depression group in the fifth survey. The data was analyzed with $x^2$ test, t-test, and logistic multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The decreased-depression group's depression decreased from 11.78 points in the fifth survey to 6.31 points in the sixth survey. This study showed that main factors such as age (OR=0.96, p=.002), educational level (OR=0.54, p=.007), economical status (OR=0.62, p=.037), satisfaction with marriage life (OR=1.15, p<.001), use of medical services (OR=1.65, p=.002), and physical activity (OR=1.08, p=.019) help decrease married women's depression. Conclusion: This study findings indicate a need to develop the strategies to increase satisfaction for marriage life and physical activity and to enhance health promotion to decrease depression among depressed married women.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

Purpose - Due to the lack of physical activities and the increase of sedentary behaviors such as screen time, the health condition for contemporaries has been deteriorating. This study is designed to investigate how the use of worktable or tools unfit for body and sedentary behaviors can exercise influence on muscular skeletal disease and how it has an impact on lowering work efficiency and the quality of life with the medium of the muscular skeletal disease. Research design, data, and methodology - The research has developed a questionnaire with 5 hypothesis. The questionnaires were also made by interview and E-mail. 350 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 315 questionnaire were used for the analysis as valid data responses. SPSS ver.22.0 were used and made Cronbach's and reliability test, correlation, Baron & α Kenny 3 step mediated regression analysis. Results - The research has found that living environment factors have positive effect on the occurrence of musculosketal disease. Particularly, repeated use of unfit worktable or tools has a positive effect on the muscular skeletal disorder. And sedentary lifestyle also has a positive effect on the disease. The musculoskeletal disease caused by living environment has a positive impact on lowering the work efficiency. This study has also showed that the muscular skeletal disease has mediated the relationship between the living environment factors and the decrease of work efficiency due to musculoskeletal disease. The musculoskeletal disorders can effect the decrease of the quality of life as well, for the decrease of work efficiency has a positive effect on lowering the quality of life. Conclusions - Sedentary lifestyles, the use of worktable unfit for body, and the repeated use of a tool have caused the increase of muscular-skeletal diseases, and reduction of productivity as well as the hight cost of medical treatment for our contemporaries. Understanding the cause of disease morbidity, finding ways to prevent the disease, and educating people about them would contribute not only to improvement of individual health but also to the advancement of welfare for all.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.479-486
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• 2021

Background: Prior studies have reported that 40%-90% of the patients with celiac plexus-mediated visceral pain benefit from the neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB), but the predictive factors of response to NCPB have not been evaluated extensively. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the immediate analgesic effectiveness of NCPB in patients with intractable upper abdominal cancer-related pain. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 513 patients who underwent NCPB for upper abdominal cancer-related pain. Response to the procedure was defined as (1) a decrease of ≥ 50% or ≥ 4 points on the numerical rating scale (NRS) in pain intensity from the baseline without an increase in opioid requirement, or (2) a decrease of ≥ 30% or ≥ 2 points on the NRS from the baseline with simultaneously reduced opioid consumption after NCPB. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with successful responses to NCPB. Results: Among the 513 patients included in the analysis, 255 (49.8%) and 258 (50.2%) patients were in the non-responder and responder group after NCPB, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.644, P = 0.035), history of upper abdominal surgery (OR = 0.691, P = 0.040), and celiac metastasis (OR = 1.496, P = 0.039) were the independent factors associated with response to NCPB. Conclusions: Celiac plexus metastases, absence of diabetes, and absence of prior upper abdominal surgery may be independently associated with better response to NCPB for upper abdominal cancer-related pain.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.525-536
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• 2014

Although tobacco use has been known as one of the biggest risk factors on periodontal health, little is known about the effect of smoking cessation on it. The aim of this study was to investigate the change of concentration of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9 and interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of 11 quit-smokers for 1 year after smoking cessation. Eleven male subjects to maintain quit-smoking for 1 year participated the oral examination, GCF and saliva collection without periodontal treatments at baseline, after 2 weeks, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 1 year. To confirm quit-smoking, nicotine and cotinine concentrations in saliva were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. MMP-8, MMP-9 and IL-$1{\beta}$ concentrations in GCF of upper anterior teeth area were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Change of MMP-8 in GCF during smoking cessation showed fluctuation with decrease (5 subjects) or increase (2 subjects) or maintenance tendency (4 subjects). Changes of MMP-9 were decrease (6 subjects), or increase (2 subjects), or maintenance (3 subjects). Change of IL-$1{\beta}$ also showed fluctuation with decrease (5 subjects) or increase (3 subjects) or maintenance tendency (3 subjects). The subjects with increase tendency had the relatively smaller amount concentration of MMP-8 and MMP-9 at the baseline. It was unclear smoking cessation without periodontal treatment could affect MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-$1{\beta}$ in GCF. Fluctuation of periodontal biomarkers during smoking cessation might result from feedback interaction between environmental factors and periodontal cells.