• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.157-164
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• 2021

The aim of this study is to provide empirical evaluation of the accuracy of data-model fit using growing levels of invariance models. Overall model accuracy of factor solutions was evaluated by the examination of the order for testing three levels of measurement invariance (MIV) starting with configural invariance (model 0). Model testing was evaluated by the Chi-square difference test (∆𝛘²) between two groups, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) were used to evaluate the all-model fits. Factorial invariance result revealed that stability of the models was varying over increasing levels of measurement as a function of variable-to-factor ratio (VTF), subject-to-variable ratio (STV), and their interactions. There were invariant factor loadings and invariant intercepts among the groups indicating that measurement invariance was achieved. For VTF ratio (3:1, 6:1, and 9:1), the models started to show accuracy over levels of measurement when STV ratio was 6:1. Yet, the frequency of stability models over 1000 replications increased (from 69% to 89%) as STV ratio increased. The models showed more accuracy at or above 39:1 STV.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.211-216
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• 2021

This study intended to test the structure of the latent factor of a subjective happiness scale and the stability of invariance across groups of students' classifications (gender and students' status). In the large, non-clinical sample (619), students completed the subjective happiness scale. The (CFA) confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factor-structure of the measure, and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) model was used to test the stability of invariance across groups of students classifications. The findings of the CFA indicated support for the original one-factor model. Additional analyses of the MGCFA method support the measurement (configural, metric and strong) invariant and practical invariant components of this model. There was an invariant across gender. There was partially invariant across groups of students' statuses. The scale exists in both groups to assess the same concepts of (single and married), excluding Items 3 and 4. Given that this study is the first investigation for the structure of the subjective happiness scale.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.149-156
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• 2021

This study intended to test the structure of the latent factor of an effectiveness scale and the stability of invariance across groups of students' classifications (gender and levels of education). In the large, non-clinical sample (850), students completed the effectiveness scale. The (CFA) confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the factor-structure of the measure, and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) model was used to test the stability of invariance across groups of students' classifications. The findings of the CFA indicated support for the original four-factor model. Additional analyses of the MGCFA method support the measurement (configural, metric and strong) invariant and practical invariant components of this model. There was an invariant across gender. There was partially invariant across groups of levels of education. The scale exists in groups of levels of education assess the same concepts of, excluding Items 15 and 10. Given that this study is the first investigation for the structure of the effectiveness scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.7-25
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• 1992

A definition of timbre was proposed which suggested its application to two attributes of sound: "a characteristic which gives a clue to the identify of the sound source, and the quality of sounds which corresponds to the emotive impression timbre are multidimensional. Using semantic differential, the factorial invariance of timbre was investigated and it was found that three factors were dominant: "pleasant", "powerful" and "metallic". The generality of these three factors has been confirmed in Japan. The relation between timbre and physical values was examined. Finally, the usefulness of verbal expression concerning timbre has also been discussed.ing timbre has also been discussed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.17-34
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• 2021

This study aimed to examine the Factor Structure of the teacher satisfaction scale (TSS) with distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as affirming the (Factorial Invariance) according to gender variable. It also aimed at identifying the degree of satisfaction according to some demographic variables of the sample. The study population consisted of all teachers in public education and faculty members in higher education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The (TSS) was applied to a random sample representing the study population consisting of (2399) respondents. The results of the study showed that the scale consists of five main factors, with a reliability value of (0.94). The scale also showed a high degree of construct validity through fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis. The results have shown a gradual consistency of the measure's invariance that reaches the third level (Scalar-invariance) of the Measurement Invariance across the gender variable. The results also showed that the average response of the study sample on the scale reached (3.74) with a degree of satisfaction, as there are no statistically significant differences between the averages of the study sample responses with respect to the gender variable. While there were statistically significant differences in the averages with respect to the variable of the educational level in favor of the middle school and statistically significant differences in the averages attributed to the years of experience variable in favor of those whose experience is less than (5) years.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.13-29
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• 2004

Ryff's(1989) psychological well-being measure is used to assess and sometimes compare Korean and American adults, however, there is no information regarding whether its dimensions are psychometrically invariant across, whether its items provide sufficient information for, and whether each item measures identical trait levels in, the two nations. Confirmatory factor analysis on response 1,696 Korean and 3,669 American adults, gave to the measure revealed lack of fit and absence of factorial invariance across the two nations. Item response theory revealed significant variance for items on each factor across two countries that most items yielded limited psychometric information. And that each item measure different trait levels, suggesting that in its present form, the measure might lead to misleading results for, and across the two nations.