• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.124-133
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• 2002

Purpose: to test of the reliability and validity of the Disabled's Motivation for Rehabilitation Scale, which was developed in 2002. Method: An experimental version of the scale was distributed to a sample of 441 disabled with ages above 18 and below 80 years. The subjects of the test-retest were 60 disabled. Results: revealed a satisfactory level of test-retest and internal consistency. The overall fit of the factor model to the data was good. Correlation among the subscales revealed a simple pattern that, in general, provides support for the self-determination continuum and the construct validity. In testing concurrent, criterion-validity, there was a positive correlation between the motivation scores for rehabilitation and the Health-Related Hardiness scores and a negative correlation between the motivation scores for rehabilitation and the Learned Helplessness scores. Conclusion: The Disabled's Motivation for Rehabilitation Scale revealed a useful instrument with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, this instrument can be effectively utilized in rehabilitative nursing for the disabled.

• Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2018

Objective: Meditation can elicit trait-like changes in psychological and social styles, as well as enhancement of emotional regulatory capacity. We investigated the relation between personality traits and emotional intelligence in meditation practitioners. Methods: Seventy-two long-term practitioners of mind-body training (MBT) and 62 healthy comparative individuals participated in the study. The participants completed emotional intelligence questionnaires and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Results: The MBT group revealed higher scores on all five emotional intelligence factors than did those in the control group, such as emotional awareness and expression, empathy, emotional thinking, emotional application, and emotional regulation (all $p{\leq}0.001$). MBT practitioners also had higher scores on the intuition of perceiving function (t=-2.635, p=0.010) and on the feeling of the judging function (t=-3.340, p=0.001) of the MBTI compared with those in the control group. Only the MBT group showed a robust relationship with every factor of emotional intelligence and MBTI-defined intuitive styles, indicating that higher scores of emotional intelligence were related to higher scores for intuition. Conclusion: Emotional intelligence of meditation practitioners showed notable relationships with some features of personality trait. In-depth associations between emotional intelligence and personality traits would help to foster psychological functions in meditation practitioners.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.163-180
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• 1978

Much of a person's energy is spent in the effort of becoming a productive member of to-day's complex society. This activity may cause tension, and chronic unrelieved tension is an influential factor in blood pressure elevation. The problem of this study was to identify manifest needs and self-actualization of patients with essential hypertension, and to analyse and compare their manifest needs and selt-actualization with the selected general characteristics of We, sex, religion, occupation and level of education with a control group of patients with normal blood pressure readings. The purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing interventions toward reducing the impact of complex psycho-somatic factors on the anxiety of patients with essential hypertension. The instruments used included selected items from the Edwards (1959) Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) as adapted by Hwang (1965) and from the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) (Shostrom 1964, 1974) adapted by Kim and Lee (1977) to measure manifest needs and self-actualization. The convenience sample was chosen from 149 persons who presented themselves for general physical examinations at Ewha University Medical Centre and 41 patients diagnosed with essential hypertension at three general hospitals in Seoul during June 1 and August 31, 1977. Forty-nine persons from the Ewha group with blood-pressure readings exceeding 150/90 were added to the experimental group. Data were analysed by the S.P.S.S. computer programme using t-test and tests for statistical significance. Statistically significant findings were as follows: A. Blood Pressure and Manifest Needs. 1. with the exception of Autonomy, patients with hypertension had significantly high scores on all variables Abasement, Achievement, Affiliation, Aggression, Dominance, Emotionality, Exhibitionism and Sex. 2. When mean scores of normal persons were compared by age groups, normal persons had higher scores in the following order on Abasement (50's, 40's, 20's, 30's), Achievement (50's, 30's, 40's, 20's), Affiliation (50's, 40's, 30's, 20's), Dominance (50's, 40's, 40's, 20's) and Exhibitionism (30's, 50's, 40's, 20's). In each case, there was a significant difference between the first and last age group scores. 3. When the mean scores of normal persons were compared by sex, normal men had higher scores than women on Achievement, Affiliation, Aggression, Dominance, Exhibitionism and Sex. Male patients had higher scores than female patients on Achievement, Dominance, Exhibitionism and Sex, but female patients scored higher in Emotionality. 4. Normal persons had higher scores related to religion in the following order on Achievement (Buddhism, no religion, Christianity). Hyper tensive patients had higher scores on. Exhibitionism (no religion, Christianity, Buddhism). 5. Normal persons had higher scores related to occupation in the following order on Achievement and Exhibitionism (unemployed, office workers, teachless, businessmen), Emotionality (office workers, unemployed, businessmen, teacher) and Sex (office workers, unemployed, teachers, businessmen). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Achievement and Aggression (teachers, businessmen, office worker, unemployed), Dominance and Exhibitionism (businessmen, teacher, of ace workers, unemployed) and Sex (teachers, office worker, businessmen, unemployed). 6. Normal persons had higher scores related to level of edification in the following order on Abasement, Emotionality and Autonomy (secondary school graduation, university). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Abasement (no education, primary, university, secondary), Achievement (no education, secondary, university, primary) , Dominance (university, no education, secondary, primary), Exhibitionism (university, secondary, no education, primary), and Sex (university, secondary, primary, no education). B. Blood Pressure and Self_Actualization 1, Patients with hypertension had significantly lower scores on all variables. 2. Normal persons had higher scores related to age groups in the following order on Existentiality (20's, 30's, 40's, 50's). Hypertensive patients showed no significantly different scores. 3. Normal women had higher scores than men on Time Competence. Normal men had higher scores on Feeling Reactivity. Male patients had higher scores than women on Self-Actualizing Value and Self-Regard. 4. Normal persons ha 1 higher scores related to religion on spontaneity (Buddhism, no religion, Christianity). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on Time Competence and Nature of Man (Buddhism, Christianity, no religion). 5. Normal persons had higher scores related to occupation in the following order on Existentiality (teachers, office workers, businessmen, unemployed) and Self-Regard (unemployed, office workers, teachers, businessmen). Hypertensive patients showed no significantly different scores. 6. Normal persons had higher scores related to level of education in the following order on Existentiality and Self-Acceptance (university, secondary). Hypertensive patients had higher scores on inner-Director (university, secondary, no education, primary) and Existentiality (university, secondary, primary, no education). Recommendations for nursing interventions with hypertensive patients with emotional problems or low self-actualization were made. 1. The nurse should encourage the patient through her interactions with other members of the medical team to accept counselling and health education. 2. Through her therapeutic interpersonal relationships with the patient, the nurse should help him discover the causes of his emotional tension. 3. Through her health teaching with the family, the nurse should encourage them to participate with the medical team in the patient's therapeutic plan and in providing him with the minimum possible emotional support. 4. Through frequent counselling with the obsessive-thinking and inflexible patient, the nurse should reevaluate the patient's behaviour and her interventions. 5. Seriously ill patients should be given needed reeducation by members of the professional medical team.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.366-379
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• 1995

This study was performed to provide fundamental data on middle-aged women's upper torso by classifying the upper torso somatotype and analyzing the characteristics of their somatotype. Factor analysis of principal component model was used to 38 directly measured items, and cluster analysis was applied for classification of upper torso forms. Seven factors were extracted from the factor analysis. The first factor represented the items of circumference, breadth, and depth which were related with body size. On the basis of the cluster analysis using factor scores trom factor analysis as being independent variables, the subjects were classified into three groups. Three dress forms were constructed according to the characteristics for each somatotype of subjects, the three-dimensional characteristics of somatotype were analyzied by the moire pattern and horizontal section map of proposed dress forms. Wearing test by moire topography was used to evaluate wearing outline, the ease of clothes and garment space. Moire pattern and horizontal section map were useful to evaluate wearing conditions, and garment space was changed by the characteristics of the body shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to classify the lower body somatotype based on the side view and to analyze the characteristics of each somatotype. The subject were 234 Korean Junior High School Girls. Data were collected through photographic sources and analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis and analysis of variance. The result of factor analysis indicated that 4 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factorscomprised 73.5% of total variance. Using factor scores, cluster analysis was carried out and the subject were classified into 3 clusters. Each cluster was classified as their lower bobs side view contour.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 1995

This study aims 1) To explicate the multidimensional structure of a widely used measure of subjective well-being, the Philadelphia Geriatric Center(PGC) Morale Scale is used to measure health in elderly populations and 2) To examine the relationship between the socioeconomic status and related variables, health and physical disability and subjective well-being in elderly populations. The selection of subjects was determined through a survey of 672 rural dwelling elderly persons(269 males and 403 females) aged 60 years and over. The respondents were interviewed by 18 trained health workers using the questionnaire from July 4 to July 9 in 1994. The subjects were surveyed again during the period from August 1 to August 6 in 1994 to conform the questionnaire's reliability. Subjective well-being was evaluated using the Revised Questionnaire of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center(PGC) Moral Scale(17 items, Lawton, 1975). The results are as follows : 1) The item scores were intercorrelated and subjected to a principal component analysis. A rotated three-factor solution was done, accounting for 40.9% of the total variance. Thus, the PGC morale Scale can be derived from three stable factors : Factor 1 was explained "Lonely Dissatisfaction(7 items)", Factor 2 was explained "Agitation (5 items)", Factor 3 was explained "Attitude Towards Own Aging (5 items)". Further, these factors have a high degree of internal consistency, as determined by Cronbach's alpha : 0.7852. 2) The total mean score of PGC Morale Scale was 8.73. Sex, Age, Education, Current disease, Family type, Economic status, ADL, IADL were significantly difference in mean scores of PGC morale scale. 3) In the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis of subjective well-being. the most contributing factors were economic status, IADL, current disease, family type, sex and the R square was 0.23.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 2007

To understand the mechanism of transcriptional regulation, it is essential to detect promoters and regulatory elements. Various kinds of methods have been introduced to improve the prediction accuracy of regulatory elements. Since there are few experimentally validated regulatory elements, previous studies have used criteria based solely on the level of scores over background sequences. However, selecting the detection criteria for different prediction methods is not feasible. Here, we studied the calibration of thresholds to improve regulatory element prediction. We predicted a regulatory element using MATCH, which is a powerful tool for transcription factor binding site (TFBS) detection. To increase the prediction accuracy, we used a regulatory potential (RP) score measuring the similarity of patterns in alignments to those in known regulatory regions. Next, we calibrated the thresholds to find relevant scores, increasing the true positives while decreasing possible false positives. By applying various thresholds, we compared predicted regulatory elements with validated regulatory elements from the Open Regulatory Annotation (ORegAnno) database. The predicted regulators by the selected threshold were validated through enrichment analysis of muscle-specific gene sets from the Tissue-Specific Transcripts and Genes (T-STAG) database. We found 14 known muscle-specific regulators with a less than a 5% false discovery rate (FDR) in a single TFBS analysis, as well as known transcription factor combinations in our combinatorial TFBS analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.68
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• pp.51-65
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• 2001

This study is to make LCIA(Life Cycle Impact Assessment) easier as a methodology of environmental scores(called E-score) that integrated environmental load of each emission substance based on environmental damage such as in human health, ecosystem and resources category. The concept is to analyzes the LCI(Life Cycle Inventory) and defines the level of environment damages for human health, ecosystem and resources to objective impact assessment standard, and makes the base of marginal damage to calculate the damage factor, which can present the indication that can establish the standard value of environmental impact. First, damages to human health are calculated by fate analysis, effect analysis and damage analysis to get the damage factor of health effect as a DALY(Disability Adjusted Life Years) unit. Second, damages to ecosystem are calculated by fate analysis, effect analysis and damage analysis to get the damage factor of the effect as a PDF(Potentially Disappeared Fraction) unit through linking potentially increased disappeared fraction. Third, damages to resources are carried out by resource analysis and damage analysis for linking the lower fate to surplus energy conception to get damage factor as a MJ(Mega Joule) unit. For the ranking of relative environment load level each other, LCIA can be carried out effectively by applying this E-score methodology to the particular emission substances. A case study has been introduced for the emission substances coming out of a tire manufacturer in Korea. It is to show how to work the methodology. Based on such study result, product-designers or producers now can apply the E-scores presented in this study to the substances of emission list, and then calculate the environment load of the product or process in advance at any time and can see the environment performance comparatively and expected to contribute to the environmental improvement in view of environmental pollution prevention.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.117-124
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• 2021

Purpose: Salivation is considered to be an important factor in the control of halitosis, and the amount of salivation has been shown to be closely related to the level of hydration. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the relationship between dehydration and halitosis. Methods: Twenty healthy young females with no dental problems were recruited. All participants were induced to become dehydrated and then over-hydrated. After inducing each hydration state, the severity of hydration and halitosis factor (organoleptic scores, amounts of resting and functional saliva, gas examinations, and tongue coatings) were measured. Hydration statuses were graded as dehydration, normal, or over-hydration according to urine osmolality. This was a cross sectional study with a cross over design. Results: The dehydrated status was associated with higher organoleptic scores than the normal or over-hydrated status (1.75±0.75 vs. 0.87±0.63, and 0.65±0.53, respectively. p<0.05). Mean values of CH₃SH, (CH₃)₂S in portable gas chromatography for the dehydrated, normal, and over-hydrated status were 11.70±37.00, 6.75±13.50, and 2.80±5.87 nmol/mol, 10.50±15.59, 7.25±10.87, and 1.50±2.55 nmol/mol, respectively. p>0.05). (CH₃)₂S (r=0.410, p=0.009) showed a moderate positive correlation with dehydration status. The resting salivation rates were relatively lower for the dehydrated status than for the normal or overhydrated status (p>0.05), and tongue coating results were also higher for the dehydrated status (p>0.05). Conclusions: Dehydration status appears to be positively correlated with a low resting salivation rate and high portable gas chromatography results. This shows that dehydration might be an etiologic factor of halitosis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.141-156
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to develop 『Korean Maternal Behavior Inverntory』(KMBI). The subjects were 712 mothers of 4th-6th grade elementary school children from 5 urban cities in Korea. Item analysis. Cronbach's α, Pearson's r, Factor analysis, and Percentile norms were conducted for the purpose of the study. The major findings were as follows; 1. By the method of item analysis and factor analysis, 51 items were selected for the scale of maternal behavior. 2. A factor analysis showed 7 factors(Reasoning guidance, Affect, Antliorian Control, Achievement, Overprotection, Active Involvement, Limit Setting) as separated domains from each others. 3. The reliablity coefficient of the scale was ranged from 62 to 81 sufficient to secure reliability. 4. Percentile ranks were drived from the total score and quartiles were calculted for the each of seven factor's scores. The present study presents a potentially highly useful way of measuring maternal behavior of 4th-6th grade elementary school children in Korea.