• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.1938-1943
• /
• 2005

Network human-robot interface is an important research topic. In home application, users access the robotic system directly via voice, gestures or through the network. Users explore a system by using the services provided by this system and to some extend users are enable to participate in a service as partners. A service may be provided by a robot, a group of robots or robots and other network connected systems (distributed sensors, information systems, etc). All these services are done in the network environment, where uncertainty such as the unstable network connection, the availability of the partners in a service, exists. Moreover, these services are controlled by several users, accessing at different time by different methods. Our research aimed at solving this problem to provide a high available level, flexible coordination system. In this paper, a multi-agent framework is proposed. This framework is validated by using our new concept of slave agents, a responsive multi-agent environment, a virtual directory facilitator (VDF), and a task allocation system using contract net protocol. Our system uses a mixed model between distributed and centralized model. It uses a centralized agent management system (AMS) to control the overall system. However, the partners and users may be distributed agents connected to the center through agent communication or centralized at the AMS container using the slave agents to represent the physical agents. The system is able to determine the task allocation for a group of robot working as a team to provide a service. A number of experiments have been conducted successfully in our lab environment using Issac robot, a PDA for user agent and a wireless network system, operated under our multi agent framework control. The experiments show that this framework works well and provides some advantages to existing systems.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.12A no.6 s.96
• /
• pp.547-556
• /
• 2005

Online collaborative teaming, which has emerged as a new type of education in knowledge-based society, is being discussed actively in the areas of action learning at companies and project-based learning and inquiry-based learning at schools. It regards as an effective method for improving learners practical and highly advanced problem solving abilities, and for stimulating their absorption into learning through pursuing common goals of learning together. Different from individual learning, however, collaborative learning involves complicated processes such as organizing teams, setting common goals, performing tasks and evaluating the outcome of team activities .Thus, it is difficult for a teacher to promote and evaluate the whole process of collaborative learning, and it is necessary to develop systems to support collaborative learning. Therefore, in order to monitor and promote interaction among learners in the process of collaborative learning, the present study developed an extensible collaborative teaming supporting agent (ECOLA) in online learning environments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 1999

본 논문은 향후 인터넷 사용의 많은 부분이 현재의 인간 사용자에게 에이전트로 옮겨져 갈 때 정보 검색과 상거래 활동을 중심으로 하는 현 인터넷 비즈니스 모델에 영향(Impact)으로 작용할 수 있는 요소들을 분석하고, 이로 야기되는 새로운 비즈니스 모델의 출현 및 현 비즈니스 모델의 변화에 대하여 고찰한다. 지능형 에이전트로 인한 현 인터넷 비즈니스 광고모델의 변화 및 새로운 광고모델의 등장 가능성, 인터넷상에서 제공하는 서비스에 대한 가격의 변화, 소비자/공급자간 관계의 변화, 중개업자(Intermediary)의 소멸(Disintermediation)가능성, 각 웹사이트들이 가지는 명성 및 브랜드 효과에 대하여 지능형 에이전트가 끼치는 영향 및 이로 인한 Facilitator의 출현 가능성, 에이전트를 활용한 새로운 서비스 등장으로 인한 현 기업조직 및 전략에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하고 그 시사점(Implications)을 도출하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.02a
• /
• pp.35-38
• /
• 2008

멀티 에이전트 시스템 환경에서 에이전트들은 자신이 제공하는 서비스에 대해 일정한 형태로 멀티 에이전트 시스템의 저장소에 서비스를 등록, 삭제, 검색할 수 있는 기능을 갖는다. 효율적인 서비스의 저장소인 DF (Directory Facilitator)는 에이전트들이 제공하는 서비스에 대한 옐로우 페이지 서비스를 제공한다. 에이전트 간의 협업을 위한 에이전트 플랫폼에서 서비스 디스커버리 기능을 지원하기 위한 DF 개발은 각각의 서비스를 지원하는 에이전트와 사용자 에이전트간의 서비스를 유지하여야 한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 DF는 서비스 예약 기능을 제공함으로써 사용자 에이전트에게 좀 더 편리한 서비스 검색 메커니즘을 제공하는 것에 목적을 두고 있다. DF로 사용자 에이전트가 서비스를 등록 했을 경우에 Reservation Repository를 통하여 그 등록한 서비스가 다른 사용자 에이전트가 제공받고자하는 서비스인 경우를 인지했을 때 Reservation Repository에 등록된 에이전트주소와 서비스이름을 토대로 하여 예약한 사용자 에이전트와 서비스를 제공하게 한다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.211-216
• /
• 2007

Swollen and painful extremities have been treated with herbal baths in attempts to alleviate the symptoms. A popular herbal bath used in China, contains a component called 'bone-penetrating herb' which is believed to facilitate the penetration of herbal substances across the skin to the swollen site, so swollen site, so that pain and swelling will be improved. A search from the Chinese pharmacopedia revealed that 22 different herbs have been traditionally used as 'bone-penetrating herb'. Five of these herbs were available in market and were chosen for experimental studies. Standard diffusion experiments were done to identify the most effective herb among the five, in the penetration facilitation. Glechoma longituba at a concentration of 20% was found to give the best results in the facilitation of Bromophenol blue diffusion across artificial and biological membranes. When compared with one commonly used diffusion facilitator, viz. azone, azone was found to be more effective than glechoma longituba. The encouraging observations support future studies on the basic science behind the use of herbal components as topical agents to treat pain and swelling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.298-309
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate stages of safety and health culture change through a reflection on 40 years of hearing conservation history at a multinational company. Methods: The target workplaces were multinational companies with more than 1,000 employees. The research used the clinical case study and system analysis methods based on direct observation of the research from 1994 to 2009. The latter method performed an analysis of the equilibrium state of the cross-section in the given period and the longitudinal profile of the change during the given period. Results: The stages of cultural change are divided into five stages and summarized as follows. In the first stage, workplace noise was not widely recognized as a hazard, while in the second stage, the measurement of noise levels and audiometric testing were conducted under the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Act (KOSHA). The driving force for change in the second stage was the amendment of the KOSHA. In the third stage, noise came to be recognized as a hazard factor through awareness training. The driving force of change during the third stage was the strong executive power exerted by the audit of the industrial hygiene program from the US head office. In the fourth step, there was a change to actually reduce noise. The driving force in this stage was a change in company executives' risk perception resulting from lawsuits over noise-induced hearing loss and the task force team activities for culture change based on the action learning protocol. At the fifth stage, a 'buy quiet policy' was institutionalized. The management's experience that noise reduction was difficult was the motivation to manage noise from the time of purchase of equipment. Conclusions: The activities of a hearing conservation program are determined by the improvement of the legal system and by the way it is enforced. Noise control activities to reduce noise areas may be possible through the shared risk perception of noise-induced hearing loss and by a change agent role as a facilitator to implement noise control.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 1991

The Study was carried out for the purpose of investigating the degree of perception in nursing activities. This study reports perceptions of nurses on the choices they make among competing activities, contrasts this perception with their opinion of what tasks they would like to spend time on. A sample of 231 clinical nurses was selected to participate in this study at two genernal hospitals in Seoul. The data was collected from July 10th to 25th, 1990. Subjects were instructed to rate one of five points likert type scale on the 43 items of nursing activities. Analysis of data was done by means of the SPSS-X Program using frequency, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The characteristics of the subjects were as follows: The age group of 25-29 yeares was 45.9%. For religion, Christians had the highest score, 68.4 % and singles in subjects were 81.4%. For academic background, 64.5% were graduated from nursing junior colleges. In the subjects, staff nurses were 86.6%. 22.5% of them had worked for less than 1 year and 20.8% had 37 months to 5 years experience at the time of the survey. 62.8% were satisfied with the job. 2. The perception level of nursing activities: 1) The mean score for perception of professional nursing functions was 4.157 point, with a maximum score set. at 5 points. The mean score for perception of priorities was 3.781. Perception of spending time was 3.932. 2) In perception of professional nursing functions, more important items were Aseptic technique (4.866), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients(4.654), Observing patients (4.799). Less important items were Transporting patients(3.411), Changing linens(3.442), Giving a bed shampoo (3.506). In priorities, more important ones. were Aseptic technique(4, 706), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients (4.524.), Observing patients(4.390), Taking vital signs (4.355). And less important ones were Changing linens (3.100), Giving bed baths(3.113), Giving back rubs(3.121). In spending time, more important ones were Aseptic technique(1.706), Observing patients (4.532), Shift and exchange of information concerning patients(4.532). And less important ones were Changing lines(3.368), Transporting patients(3.394), Giving bed baths(3.450). 3) In the role perception level, the mean distribution of perception was 3.511- 4.335; the role was perceived to be in order of frequency as a facilitator, coordinator, change agent and advocator role. The most important scale of factors by nursing activities was indirect nursing activities.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.372-388
• /
• 2013

A series of coffee middlemen has come to be regarded as an exploitative force in the lives of small and poor coffee farmers, which is called 'coyote', controlling production, paying unfair prices for labor and goods, and participating in fraudulent practices to maximize their own profits. However, the reality of gains captured by coffee middlemen in the value chain might be exaggerated and even unfair. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to reconsider the implication of coffee middlemen for the development of coffee value chain in Vietnam. It also attempts to identify their characteristics by investigating relations among coffee farmers, middlemen and processing/exporting firms. In terms of middlemen's margin in the coffee sub-sector, their margin is quite small when compared to other actors higher in the value chain. Rather, coffee middlemen in Vietnam have played a critical role as an intermediary of change in local economies. More specifically, coffee middlemen in Dak Lak has played a significant role as a market facilitator by stimulating the access of farmers to markets by providing buyers for farmers thanks to changes in institutional environment. Also, they have played a critical role as an agent of sustainable coffee production by encouraging sustainable coffee production in accordance with the demand of processing and exporting firms.