• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.799-817
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial skeletal pattern and growth change of whom had responsed well to chincap therapy. 93 patients seleted for this study were in mixed dentition and treated with chincap for more than 2 years. And 54 subjects were selected from these total samples and classified into two groups by the improvement of four measurements : ANB difference, APDI, Wits appraisal, and AF-BF. One was good response group which consisted of 26 children and the other was poor response group with 19 patients. Various measures of the craniofacial structure in the initial lateral cephalograms and the annual increments were calculated and analyzed by comparing two groups with t-test. The results were as follows : 1. Good response group had more horizontal growth pattern in initial stage of treatment than poor response group, and the contributing factors of this result were anterior posterior facial height ratio, gonial angle, lower genial angle and SN-mandibular plane angle. 2. The maxilla was positioned more anteriorly in good response group. 3. The amounts of vertical growth of maxilla was smaller but the horizontal growth of maxilla was larger in good response group. 4. The mandible rotated more infero-posteriorly in good response group. 5. The good response group had more vertical growth pattern of mandibular condyle.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.197-207
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• 1999

심한 골격성 부조화를 보이는 환자에서 치열 보상에 의하여 교합 접촉이 양호하게 유지되는 경우를 자주 볼수 있으며, 이러한 치열 보상은 삼차원 평면 모두에서 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 개방교합성 골격 형태의 치 보상 양상을 관찰하고, 이러한 골격형태를 보이는 성인과 아동의 치열보상 양상의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 개방교합성 골격형태를 보이는 환자 60명과 정상군 60명을 대상으로 하였으며 이들 각각을 연령에 따라 8-12세의 아동군과 17세 이상의 성인군으로 분류하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 개교성골격군의 후하안면고경은 아동과 성인 모두에서 정상군보다 작으며(p<0.01), 전하안면고경은 아동에서 정상군과 차이가 없으나 성인에서는 정상군보다 크다(p<0.01). 2. 개교성골격군에서 기저골 길이에 대한 상하악 전치의 맹출비는 아동기에 정상군보다 크며(p<0.05), 성인기의 상악전치의 맹출비는 아동기에 비해 컸으나(p<0.05) 하악 전치의 맹출비는 아동기와 유사하였다. 3. 개교성골격군에서 상$\cdot$하악 구치의 기저골의 길이에 대한 상대적인 맹출량은 아동기에 정상군과 차이가 없었지만, 성인에서 상악 구치의 상대적인 맹출량은 정상군보다 컸으며 (p<0.01), 하악 구치의 상대적인 맹출량은 정상군과 동일하였다. 4. 개교성골격군에서 하악평면에 대한 하악 교합평면의 경사는 아동이나 성인 모두에서 정상군보다 더 큰 각을 이루며 (p<0.01), 상악 교합평면 경사는 성인기에 아동기보다 컸다(p<0.05). 상악 교합평면은 성인기에 아동기보다 전상방경사를 보였다(p<0.01). 5. 개교성골격군에서의 치성보상은 아동기에 이미 상$\cdot$하악 전치부의 과맹출에 의하여 이루어진다. 개교성골격군은 성장과정중 상악 구치부의 과도한 수직적 발육을 보이며 이에 대한 보상적 반응으로 상$\cdot$하악 전치부는 정상군보다 더 큰 맹출량을 보이는데 특히 상악 전치부에서 더 큰 맹출비를 보인다.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

Skeletal malocclusion is the result of abnormal dimension and alignment of each skeletal component. Understanding on these mechanisms may help to elucidate the etiology of skeletal malocclusion and to establish population-oriented treatment plans. Attempts to subdivide the Angle's classification have been performed for Class III malocclusion, while few studies have been conducted for Class II malocclusion despite recent growing interests in Class II malocclusion. 200 adults (88 male, 112 female) with skeletal Class II malocclusion were collected and subdivided using cluster analysis, using the measurements representing the dimension and the alignment of each facial skeletal component. The properties of each cluster was grouped within the subjects and a comparison between the subjects and the control group (38 male, 35 female) with normal occlusion was performed. Six clusters were finally recognized in each male and female groups. The clusters in both genders were mainly characterized by the cranial base alignment, dimension of the posterior cranial base, dimension of the mandibular ramus and the degree of mandibular rotation. The results implicate that active treatment of mandible rather than the nasomaxillary complex may be primarily considered for the correction of Korean Class II skeletal pattern.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2000

The goal of this study is the comparison of upper airway size and change of skeletal Class I group and skeletal Class III group (before operation, within 2 weeks after operation, 6 months after operation) respectively. At first, we measured the lines between selected upper air way landmarks on lateral cephalometric x-ray film of skeletal Class I 40 persons whoes age were 23-26 years old, ,and did the same lines of landmarks of skeletal Class III 44 persons who had not been operated yet, were within 2 weeks after operation, were 6 months after operation. And we compared it respectively and analyzed it with paired t-test. We studied the relationship of those on produced data. 1. Skeletal Class III group was narrower in nasopharyngeal air way space than that of skeletal Class I group, and increased in thickness of oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal wall within 2 weeks after operation, and reduced in nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal air way space, and did in thickness of nasopharngeal, hypopharyngeal wall 6 months after operation. 2. Skeletal Class III group reduced in nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal air way space, and increased in thickness of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal wall within 2 weeks after operation, restored the thickness of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal wall, but did not restored nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal air way space. 3. Vertical length from hyoid bone to mandibular plane did not have signifacant difference from Class I group but after operation, it increased more than Class I group significantly. 4. The size of airway reduced after operation. Among this, oropharyngeal airway most reduced.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2015

Objective: To compare condylar position and morphology among different vertical skeletal patterns. Methods: Diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography images of 60 adult patients (120 temporomandibular joints) who visited the orthodontic clinic of Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital were reviewed. The subjects were divided into three equal groups according to the mandibular plane angle: hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent groups. Morphology of the condyle and mandibular fossa and condylar position were compared among the groups. Results: The hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups showed significant differences in superior joint spaces, antero-posterior condyle width, medio-lateral condyle width, condyle head angle, and condylar shapes. Conclusions: Condylar position and morphology vary according to vertical facial morphology. This relationship should be considered for predicting and establishing a proper treatment plan for temporomandibular diseases during orthodontic treatment.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.239-247
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• 1985

The author compared patients with extreme variations in MP-SN angle with normal group in order to examine the relationship between the MP-SN angle and other skeletal and dental parameters. The results were as follows; 1. The OP-SN angle and OP-MP angle decreased as the MP-SN angle decreased. 2. As the MP-SN angle decreased, the skeletal and dental components became more anteriorly situated. 3. In high MP-SN group, TFH, UFH, LFH, OP-MP, ADH increased more than those in average MP-SN group. 4. The RH/TFH ratio decreased as the MP-SN increased.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess rotational patterns of dentofacial structures according to different vertical skeletal patterns by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and analyze their influence on menton deviation in skeletal Class III deformity with mandibular asymmetry. Methods: The control group consisted of 30 young adults (15 men, 15 women) without any severe skeletal deformity. The asymmetry group included 55 adults (28 men, 27 women) with skeletal Class III deformity and at least 3-mm menton deviation from the midsagittal plane; it was divided into the hyperdivergent and hypodivergent subgroups using a mandibular plane angle cutoff of $35^{\circ}$. Fourteen rotational variables of the dental arches and mandible were measured and compared among the groups. Correlations between menton deviation and the other variables were evaluated. Results: The asymmetry group showed significantly larger measurements of roll and yaw in the mandible than the control group. The hypodivergent subgroup showed significant differences in maxillary posterior measurements of yaw (p < 0.01) and maxillary anterior shift (p < 0.05) compared with the hyperdivergent subgroup. All the mandibular measurements had significant correlations with menton deviation (p < 0.01). Most measurements of roll were positively correlated with one another (p < 0.01). Measurements of yaw and roll in the posterior regions were also positively correlated (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Menton deviation in skeletal Class III deformity with mandibular asymmetry is influenced by rotation of mandibular posterior dentofacial structures. The rotational patterns vary slightly according to the vertical skeletal pattern.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제18권1호통권130호
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• pp.65-70
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• 1980

Lateral cephalometric head film measurements on forty schoolboys and forth-nine schoolgirls with excellent occlusions in Korean were compared with similar measurements on Caucasoids. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. The cranio-facial skeletal pattern of Korean students was measured and compared with Caucasoids. 2. In cranio-facial observation, ANB and SN-Palatal plane was not significant in girls only, Gonial angle and 1 to NA were not significant in girls and boys, compared with Caucasoids. 3. In dentition area observation, the mean posterior dental height (A＋B) and occlusal plane length was not significant in girls only, the mean anterior vertical dimension and P angle was not significant in boys, Q angle was not significant in boys in boys and girls, compared with Caucasoids.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1985

It has been a long time since the cephalometrics was introduced to orthodontic field for diagnosis and treatment planning, but it's main concern was limited to hard, skeletodental tissue. It is well known that perioral and facial soft tissue determine the position of individual teeth and that the abnormality in size and shape of the soft tissue are able to cause malformed occlusion. Because of our lack of knowledge about resultant morphologic changes in the relationship between skeletal pattern and specific pattern of lingual and facial muscles, we can't help setting greater value on only abnormalities of teeth in the skeletal interrelationship. In a point of view that the orthodontist is dealing primarily with muscular structures around the dentition, the tongue, lips, and cheeks, therefore it may be desirable to estimate these structure and their potential influence on the dentition on developmental and time base. The author hit upon on idea of the aspect above, so studied on the intermaxillary space and tongue space and this study used the data from cephalometric films of 33 male and 40 female subject aged from 6 to 11 years of normal Korean children following results were obtained: 1. Means and standard deviation of Korean children were obtained. 2. Yearly increment of each variables were obtained. 3. There is the correlationship more than average among the variables except posterior intermaxillary height item. 4. There are differences between male children and female children in all variables except posterior intermaxillary space item. 5. All variables increased as the age increased except posterior intermaxillary height item of male children.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.293-305
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• 2003

인두는 호흡과 연하를 수행하는 기관의 일부를 구성하며 이의 기능 및 형태는 두개악안면구조의 형태와 밀접한 관련성을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 정상과 개방교합성 골격형태에서 인두와 연구개, 혀 그리고 설골을 포함하는 기도크기를 비교하고 또한 각 군에서 연령에 따른 차이를 평가하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상은 51명의 정상골격군(정상군)과 52명의 개방교합성 골격군(개방골격군)으로 구성되고 각각은 연령에 따라 아동군(9-12세)과 성인군(18세 이상)으로 나누었다. 측모두부 규격 방사선 사진이 촬영하였고 안면 골격과 인두, 연구개, 혀 그리고 설골의 거리, 각, 비율을 계측하고 통계적으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정상군과 개방골격군 모두 SN-Mn angle, FMA와 Pal-Mn angle은 아동군에서 성인군보다 컸으며, facial height ratio(FHR)는 성인군보다 아동군에서 작았다. Occl-Mn angle은 개방골격군과 정상군에 따라서는 유의한 차이가 있었으나 아동군과 성인군 사이에 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 2. SN-Mn angle, FMA, Palatal-Mn angle, lower anterior facial height(LAFH), FHR 등은 정상군보다 개방골격군에서 기도크기와 높은 상관관계를 보였고 성인군보다 아동군에서 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 개방골격 아동에서 SN-Mn angle, FMA, Palatal-Mn angle은 비인두의 골격적 전후방 크기와 비인두강의 전후방 깊이와 높은 역상관관계를 보이나 이는 성인이 되면 사라졌다. LAFH는 기도의 수직적인 계측치와 높은 순상관관계를 보였다. 3. 수직적 골격 형태에 따라서 기도 크기에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 4. 인두의 연조직 두께는 성인군에서 아동군보다 작았으며 비인두강의 깊이는 성인군에서 더 큰 값을 보였고, 아동군과 성인군에서의 구인두강의 깊이는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 5. 설골의 전후방적인 위치는 아동군과 성인군에서 차이를 보이지 않았으나 수직적으로는 성인군에서 아동군보다 더 하방에 위치하였다.