• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.3 s.116
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• pp.218-227
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• 2006

Although the submentovertex radiograph and surface EMG are not often used due to the difficulty of interpretation, they are accepted as useful diagnostic and analytic aids for skeletal asymmetry. There have been reports which state that they were also useful for the evaluation of vertical skeletal relations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between EMG data, measurements from submentovertex radiographs, facial types and facial asymmetry following examination of 60 asymmetric patients. The radiographic corpus length were greater in the nonaffected sides (p<0.001), gonion to interspinosum axis were greater in the affected sides and the mandibular condyle and gonion were located more anteriorly in the non-affected sides than in the affected sides but not significant (p=0.07). The activity of the anterior temporal muscle in rest position was higher in the affected sides than in the non-affected sides (p<0.01). The activity of the masseter muscle at maximum clenching was found to be nonsignificant but it was higher in the affected sides than in the non-affected sides (p=0.09). There was positive correlation between facial index and the intercondylar axes angle (p<0.01). There was positive correlation between masseter muscle activity in maximum occlusion and facial index in the affected and non-affected sides (p<0.05). The results demonstrate that the submentovertex radiograph and EMG can provide useful information for the evaluation of horizontal and vertical skeletal relations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of Muscle Energy Technique(MET) for peripheral facial paralysis. Methods: 60 Patients were divided into two groups. Group A(n=30) received the treatment with existing Korean medicine. Group B(n=30) received the MET with existing Korean medicine. It was performed once a day, five time per a week for three weeks. we analyzed Yanagihara's score and House-Brackmann scale Results: A week after MET treatment, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $7.17{\pm}6.34$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $8.84{\pm}5.22$. (p=0.72). Two weeks after MET, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $12.39{\pm}4.94$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $15.12{\pm}3.20$. (p=0.04). Three weeks after MET, Yanagihara's score average of Group A is $17.11{\pm}5.31$. Yanagihara's score average of Group B is $22.78{\pm}3.67$. (p=0.01). A is $3.87{\pm}1.36$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $3.64{\pm}1.76$. (p=0.63). Two weeks after MET treatment, House-Brackmann Scale average of Group A is $3.20{\pm}0.97$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $3.02{\pm}1.03$. (p=0.05). Three weeks after MET, House-Brackmann Scale average of Group A is $2.84{\pm}1.12$. House-Brackmann Scale average of Group B is $2.23{\pm}0.78$. (p=0.04). Conclusion: MET treatment is effective for improve the symptoms of peripheral facial paralysis. Therefore, it will be used to peripheral facial paralysis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.254-264
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate the short-term changes in masticatory muscle activity and mandibular movement patterns after orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III patients with facial asymmetry. Methods: Twenty-seven skeletal Class III adult patients were divided into two groups based on the degree of facial asymmetry: the experimental group (n = 17 [11 male and 6 female]; menton deviation ${\geq}4mm$) and control group (n = 10 [4 male and 6 female]; menton deviation < 1.6 mm). Cephalography, electromyography (EMG) for the anterior temporalis (TA) and masseter muscles (MM), and mandibular movement (range of motion [ROM] and average chewing pattern [ACP]) were evaluated before (T0) and 7 to 8 months (T1) after the surgery. Results: There were no significant postoperative changes in the EMG potentials of the TA and MM in both groups, except in the anterior cotton roll biting test, in which the masticatory muscle activity had changed into an MM-dominant pattern postoperatively in both groups. In the experimental group, the amount of maximum opening, protrusion, and lateral excursion to the non-deviated side were significantly decreased. The turning point tended to be shorter and significantly moved medially during chewing in the non-deviated side in the experimental group. Conclusions: In skeletal Class III patients with facial asymmetry, the EMG activity characteristics recovered to presurgical levels within 7 to 8 months after the surgery. Correction of the asymmetry caused limitation in jaw movement in terms of both ROM and ACP on the non-deviated side.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.133-136
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• 2016

Facial abscess is a suppurative condition that is caused by infection and that its infected materials built up within the loose connective tissues or a fascial space of the head and neck. Facial abscess should be treated with a caution since it can make threat to patient's life. When pus collects near masticatory muscles, it may lead to masticatory muscle disorder reducing the range of mouth opening and the mobility of jaw. The authors review an uncommon case of facial abscess which occurred in temporal muscle and induced mouth opening limitation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.253-255
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• 2010

Identification and protection of the facial nerve is very important in the proper operation of the parotid tumor. Posterior approach which finds main trunk of the facial nerve by surgical landmark such as tragal pointer, tympanomastoid suture, and posterior belly of digastric muscle is most commonly used. In case of posterior located tumor, inferior approach may be used, in which the retromandibular vein is followed from the neck and inferior branch of the facial nerve is located. In general, the facial nerve lies superficial to the retromandibular vein. But we experienced the anomalous relationship of the facial nerve and the retromandibular vien. We report this case with a literature review.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2024

Background: Facial nerve palsy presents a significant healthcare challenge, impacting daily life and social interactions. This systematic review investigates the potential utility of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for facial nerve palsy. Methods: Electronic searches will be conducted across various databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), KMBASE (Korean Medical Database), ScienceON, and OASIS (Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System), up to February 2024. The primary outcome will focus on ultrasonography-related parameters, such as facial nerve diameter and muscle thickness. Secondary outcomes will encompass clinical measurements, including facial nerve grading scales and electrodiagnostic studies. the risk of bias in individual study will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool, while the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluations methodology will be utilized to evaluate the overall quality of evidence. Conclusion: This study aims to review existing evidence and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of ultrasonography for peripheral facial nerve palsy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2018

Background Static reconstruction surgery that tightens the tension of the inferior tarsus, thereby raising the lax lower eyelid, is a common treatment for paralytic ectropion of the lower eyelid. We present one such operative procedure, in which an orbicularis oculi muscle flap was used. Methods The surgical technique involves partial resection of the tarsus and the skin, as well as a superior-based orbicularis oculi muscle flap that is sutured to the firm tissue present on the Whitnall tubercle. The muscle flap is approximately 7 mm in width and 15 mm in length, with a superior pedicle that is attached to the tarsus at the medial point of the resected tarsus. The procedure results in contact between the ocular surface and the lower eyelid. Results The procedure was performed in 11 patients with lower eyelid ectropion due to facial paralysis. Ten cases showed a favorable outcome following surgery, with stable results seen over an average follow-up period of 4.5 years. In one case, recurrence of ectropion was observed 2 months after surgery due to an insufficient correction, and the patient required repeat surgery. Conclusions The orbicularis oculi muscle flap was an effective means of suspension and was able to maintain long-term traction tension. This procedure can therefore be considered a favorable treatment option for lower eyelid ectropion due to facial paralysis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 1987

The aim of surgery for all parotid masses is directed toward total removal of the tumor with adequate safe margins of adjacent normal tissue and preservation of the facial nerve whenever possible. Reconstructive procedures following parotidectomy for benign or low grade malignant lesions are most commonly necessary if soft tissue deficits appear at the angle of the mandible below the earlobe as a major cosmetic deformity. This is a report of Z4 cases with a diagnosis of parotid tumor who were treated using various surgical procedures at Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital over the period of 4 years from January, 1983 to December, 1986. Among 24 cases, 11 cases were reconstructed by Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap at the same time that extirpative surgery is outlined. The advantage of Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap is the coverage of the facial nerve, so adhesion between the facial nerve and skin was prevented. Absorption and loss of bulk was not found such as dermofat graft. It was a simple method. Neither donor site defect nor sternocleidomastoid muscle deformity was developed. Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap have been found satisfactory in maintaining filled-out soft tissue hollows with good result cosmetically and functionally.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2019

Congenital hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle is a rare cause of asymmetrical crying facies in newborns. The clinical manifestations range from mild to severe asymmetry and may persist up to adulthood. In the current case, the patient did not exhibit other congenital anomalies or paralysis of other branches of the facial nerve. This adult patient presented with severe asymmetrical lower lip deformity during full mouth opening since birth. A chromosomal study for the detection of 22q gene deletion yielded negative results. The electromyography findings of the lower lip were insignificant. Depressor labii inferioris muscle resection was not effective, but bidirectional (horizontal and vertical) fascia lata grafting improved the aesthetic appearance of the asymmetrical lower lip. The patient showed improved lower lip symmetry during full mouth opening at 1 year after the surgery. Therefore, the details of this rare case are reported herein.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.256-259
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• 2013

Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) inhibits muscle contraction, which leads to reversible muscle atrophy and paralysis. Therefore, BTX-A injection can be an effective treatment of facial asymmetry that originated from the uncoordinated muscle movement. A 52-year-old patient was referred from another hospital for the correction of post-traumatic sequelae. The patient had prominent scar in the mandibular symphysis area with asymmetric lower lip movement. The reason for this asymmetric lower lip movement was due to damage in the lower lip depressor muscle. After the injection of BTX-A on the lower lip depressors, asymmetric lip movement has been improved.