• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine EMG biofeedback training effect on the muscle activities in 3 unilateral facial palsy patients along with multiple baseline design across subjects. The auditory feedback about facial muscles (orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, frontalis) was provided with each patient during facial exercise training. Electromyographic (EMG) activity during maximal voluntary contraction and maximal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude elected by supramaximal electrical stimulation on facial nerve of facial muscles were measured pre- and post- EMG biofeedback training to evaluate motor learning. EMG activity during maximal voluntary contraction was increased after EMG biofeedback training and CMAP amplitude elected by supramaximal electrical stimulation was not changed in all subjects. The results indicate that EMG biofeedback training is useful method to improve motor learning of facial excercise training in unilateral facial palsy patients.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.55.1-55.7
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• 2019

Background: Transverse facial clefts are Tessier's number 7 facial cleft among numbers 1-15 in Tessier's classification of craniofacial malformations, which varies from a simple widening oral commissure to a complete fissure extending towards the external ear. Case presentation: In a patient with a transverse facial cleft, to functionally arrange the orbicularis oris muscle and form the oral commissure naturally, we performed a surgical procedure including orbicularis oris muscle reconstruction and cheiloplasty with Z-plasty. Conclusion: We achieved good results functionally and esthetically by orbicularis oris muscle reconstruction and cheiloplasty with Z-plasty. The surgical modality of our anatomical repair and 3 months follow-up results are presented.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1338-1344
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• 2010

사람은 주로 언어를 통해 서로간의 의사를 표현한다. 하지만, 말을 할 수 없는 중증 장애인, 특히 전신마비 증세가 있는 중증 장애인의 경우에는 글을 쓰거나 몸짓을 통한 방법으로도 자신의 의사를 효과적으로 전달하지 못한다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 중증 장애인이 의사소통을 할 수 있도록 안면근 신호를 이용한 의사 전달기를 구현하였다. 특히, 안면근 신호가 포함된 뇌파의 특징을 추출하여 이를 일반적인 제어 신호로써 변환한 다음, 이 제어 신호와 최소한의 자판을 연동시켜 문자를 선택하도록 함으로써, 중증 장애인이 효과적으로 의사를 전달할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Cosmetic Acupuncture through reinterpretation of anatomy and physiology. Methods : The causes of wrinkle increases and rapid aging of facial skin were studied and the theoretical system of Cosmetic Acupuncture treatment was analyzed through anatomy and physiology reinterpretation. Results and Conclusions : An increase in wrinkles and rapid aging of facial skin is caused by xerosis. Skin condition represents the condition of subcutaneous muscle. The reason why skin becomes easily dry is the heat produced by craniofacial part. Craniofacial part always generates lot of physiological fever because of the muscles. This physiological fever is produced from the muscles that are responsible for maintaining skull suture, controlling the movement of temporomandibular joint, maintaining head and neck posture. Controlling this fever is the crux of Cosmetic Acupuncture mechanism. These muscles correspond to Foot Taeyang meridian-muscle, Foot Soyang meridian-muscle and Foot Yangmyung meridian-muscle. Cosmetic Acupuncture is effective for preventing facial skin from aging and wrinkle increase by mechanical stimulus on facial muscles, and for controlling craniofacial part meridian-muscle system producing the heat.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.716-721
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• 2014

Background The aim of this study was to review the recipient vessels used in our cases of facial reanimation with free functional muscle transfer and to identify patient variables that may predict when the facial vessels are absent. From this we present a protocol for vessel selection in cases when the facial artery and/or vein are absent. Methods Patients were identified from November 2006 to October 2013. Data was collected on patient demographics, facial palsy aetiology, history of previous facial surgery/trauma and flap/recipient vessels used. A standard operative approach was adopted and performed by a single surgeon. Results Eighty-seven eligible patients were identified for inclusion amongst which 98 hemifaces were operated upon. The facial artery and vein were the most commonly used recipient vessels (90% and 83% of patients, respectively). Commonly used alternative vessels were the transverse facial vein and superficial temporal artery. Those with congenital facial palsy were significantly more likely to lack a suitable facial vein (P=0.03) and those with a history of previous facial surgery or trauma were significantly more likely to have an absent facial artery and vein (P<0.05). Conclusions Our algorithm can help to guide vessel selection cases of facial reanimation with free functional muscle transfer. Amongst patients with congenital facial palsy or in those with a previous history of facial surgery or trauma, the facial vessels are more likely to be absent and so the surgeon should then look towards the transverse facial vein and superficial temporal artery as alternative recipient structures.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 디자이너가 제작한 3차원얼굴 모델을 생성하기 위해 표준 3차원 얼굴 모델을 변형하는 방법을 제시한다. 3차원 얼굴 모델을 변형하는 방법에는 근육에 기반 한 얼굴 변형 방법이 대표적인데, 본 논문에서는 기존의 얼굴 근육에 기반 한 얼굴 변형방법의 비효율적인 면을 개선하고 근육에 기반 한 보다 직관적인 얼굴 변형을 위해 얼굴 근육 운동 예측맵을 정의하고 이를 이용하여 근육을 독립적으로 처리하고 정의 했던 기존의 단점과 근육의 배치와 설정작업을 개선하고자 한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2014

Background or Objectives : The purpose of this study is to measure surface Electromyography(sEMG) of facial muscles in normal person and to find method for standardizing of sEMG's value. Methods : We measured 3points on face, frontalis muscle($GB_{14}$), zygomaticus muscle($SI_{18}$), orbicularis oris muscle($LI_{19}$) of 40 normal person by sEMG. 40 normal person consist with two groups, each 20 male, 20 female. Average age of subject was $26.50{\pm}4.79$. SEMG instrument QEMG-4 XL was used. After training exercise of facial muscles, sEMG's root mean square value was measured once. Results : 1. In whole experimental group, frontalis muscle's both side average was $78.36{\pm}40.87$, zygomaticus muscle's both side average was $84.70{\pm}49.81$, orbicularis oris's both side average was $104.83{\pm}38.81$. 2. Left side of Frontalis muscle, both side of zygomaticus muscle are high marked in male than female in statistically. 3. In whole experimental group, average of ratio comparing smaller value with bigger value in difference between left side and right side was $19.60{\pm}12.88$ %. 4. Average of asymmetry index(AI) was $11.46{\pm}8.36$ %. orbicularis oris muscle's average of AI had least difference was $8.95{\pm}7.50$ %. zygomaticus muscle's average of AI had most difference was $13.95{\pm}8.90$ %. Conclusions : The result of this study could provide useful information of field of sEMG is used in oriental medicine treatment of facial muscles. To assess efficacy of treatment in facial muscles, we need to standardize facial muscle's sEMG values by using AI, ratio comparing values and etc.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.304-307
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• 2017

A 19-year-old male patient presented with facial hemi-atrophy with unilateral spasms of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Ultrasound therapy and Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation therapy, known as combination therapy, were given on alternate days for 2 weeks. At the end of 2 weeks of combination therapy the patient reported a drastic reduction in the number of episodes of muscle spasm. The visual analog scale score for tenderness of the masseter and temporalis was also markedly reduced. No one has previously used combination therapy for the treatment of facial hemi-atrophy with hemi-facial spasms. The encouraging results of the combination therapy has prompted us to document this study.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.499-509
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• 1997

The facial nerve have a long pathway. Thus facial nerve fibers easily involved at any point along their course will lead to a facial palsy of lower motor neuron type and upper motor neuron type. The electrophysiologic examination can evaluate and anticipating that prognosis of facial nerve palsy. The electrophysiologic examination are Nerve Excitability Test(NET), Elecctroneurography(ENG), Electro-myography(EMG), Blink Reflex, and Electrogustometry et.al. The NET is very useful method for assessment of prognosis and distinguish between nerve degeneration and physiological block as early as 72 hour after onset of the facial palsy. And other examination also give objectively information of facial nerve for prognosis and treatment. Treatment goal of physiotherapy are prevent contracture and disuse atrophy of facial muscle with muscle reeducation and strengthening and maintain symmetry facial motion. The treatment better start as early as possible.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.100-111
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• 2002

Objectives : In order to obtain the clinical type of facial palsy sequelae and try to make the treatment protocols for each, I observed patients who visited Gunpo-Wonkwang oriental medicine center with Bell’s palsy sequelae that were treated over three months. Methods : I make the value standard of muscle paralysis, contraction, synkinesis and acquired the results as follows. Results and Conclusions : 1. The distribution of age and sex was as follows : females of 41-50 years were the most common demographic, females of 51-60 years and males of 31-40 years were the second, males of 51-60 years were the third, females of 21-30 years and males of over 60 years were the fourth, and males of 41-50 years were the fifth. 2. The distributions of period of disease were as follows : 3-6 months was the most, 12-18 months was the second, 6-12 months and over 24 months was the third, and 18-24 months was the fourth. 3. The sequelae distributions of disease were as follows. In the group of 3-6 months, 12 persons (80%) showed palsy and atrophy, 10 persons (66.6%) showed synkinetics. In the group of over 6 months, all patients showed muscle palsy, muscle atrophy and synkinetics. All groups showed lower sensitivity of muscles, but the group of 18-24 months and the group of over 24 months showed more. Tinnitus was shown by the groups of 12-18 months and 3-6 months. Facial muscle pain was shown by the group of3-6 months only, Crocodile's tear was shown by the groups of 18-24 months and over 24 months. 4. The total palsy rates of sequela patients and palsy rates by muscle for disease period were as follows. The total palsy rate was 27.94%; the palsy rates for the group of 6-12 months and the group of over 24 months was lower than the total palsy rate. The rates of the groups of 3-6, 12-18, 18-24 months were higher than the total palsy rate. The palsy rate of zygomatic minor, levator labii superior muscle was higher than the total palsy rate for all groups. 5. Synkinetics manifestation rates by disease period were as follows. Total synkinetics manifestation rate was 73.81 %; the manifestation rate of the group of 6-12 months was lower than total synkinetics manifestation rate. For the groups of 12-18, 18-24, and over 24 months it was more than the total synkinetics manifestation rate. The group of over 24 months, total synkinetics induced by orbicularis oculi muscle and orbicularis oris muscle. 6. Facial muscle atrophy rates by disease period were as follows. Total atrophy rate was 5.26%; in the groups of 6-12, 18-24, over 24 months, the atrophy rates were higher than the total atrophy rate. The groups of 3-6 and 12-18 months showed lower than the total atrophy rates, while the atrophy of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and levator palpebrae inferioris muscle was higher than in other groups.