• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.934-940
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• 2003

In this paper, hair beauty fashion design feature points detection system is proposed. A hair models and hair face is represented as a graph where the nodes are placed at facial feature points labeled by their Gabor features and the edges are describes their spatial relations. An innovative flexible feature matching is proposed to perform features correspondence between hair models and the input image. This matching hair model works like random diffusion process in the image space by employing the locally competitive and globally corporative mechanism. The system works nicely on the face images under complicated background. pose variations and distorted by accessories. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach by its implementation on the face identification system.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to know on the changes characteristics of eye brow forms of the wester women. A facial image which people recognize contents on changes of image according to various eye brow changes on the face. Various changes of image were seen by length, angle and thickness of eye brow types. The ancient Egyptians used antimony powder to blacken their brows huge black lines. In medieval times, women shaved both their eye brows and their hairlines to give a pure look. The early nineteenth century, brows were untweezed and natural. In the 1920s, when women started paying attention to their faces and their freedom, brows were tweezed, narrowed. In the 1930s, the idealized faces of Jean Harlow, Marlene Dietrich and Greta Garbo - narrow tracery of drawn on brows. The eyebrows is filled various shape of the 1950s. In the 1970s, the Disco Decade of Dreadful tastes, women were at their tweezers again, manicuring their brows. Brooke Shields's natural-looking brow would be an example of the 1980s. In the 1990s, the eyebrow designed by superstar makeup artists who determined the look of fashion model and screen star.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

Various current events provide evidence that society is undergoing changes in perceptions of social relationships. Specifically, visual media in the form of advertisements can convey images which reflect society's values and concepts about role relationships. The purpose of this research was to examine ads in fashion magazines to determine what types of model roles and role relationships typically appear in fashion advertising which can mirror society's values. A content analysis was conducted of ads obtained from US Vogue and US GQ for the year 2002. Six kinds of roles/relationships were found: (1) Narcissism (representing self absorption), (2) sexually enticing opposite-sex relationships, (3) close/romantic same-sex relationships, (4) friend relationships, (5) family relationships, and (6) independent relationships. Of these, narcissism predominated, however, a small number of sexually provocative ads appeared as well as same-sex romantic relationships. Because sole (single) models were more typical, they also were examined to determine ways in which they relate to the audience. Characteristics examined included body presentation & pose, eye gaze, and facial expression. Direct eye gaze was the typical way to engage the audience. Gender differences were apparent: smiling was more typical of women, indifference for men. The symbolic meaning and values investigated from this research are the blurring of gender identity portrayed in homosexual imagery, family values, and the value of youth. The consistency of models' race in ads does not portray the diversity reflected in the demographic census.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.200-209
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• 1993

The primary treatment of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma is, at this time, mainly based on radiotherapy. In most studies for patient treated with radiotherapy, overall 5-year survival rate is in the range of 35 to 55%. Obviously, these therapeutic results may be influenced by various factors such as clinical stages, histopathological types and radiation techniques, etc. Though the radiotherapy had a good therapeutic result, there is a limitation to apply the radiotherapy only in cases of the advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Anatomical complexity of the skull base and difficulties in complete surgical intervention were the trouble of the surgery but in the case of radiation failure, there is no adequate cholice of other curative modalities. So it is appropriate to investigate whether surgical resection may improve the results of treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The purpose of this paper is to report the surgical experience with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, then to take into consideration of the new model of treatment strategy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.468-488
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• 2016

The paper proposes a novel framework for 3D face verification using dimensionality reduction based on highly distinctive local features in the presence of illumination and expression variations. The histograms of efficient local descriptors are used to represent distinctively the facial images. For this purpose, different local descriptors are evaluated, Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Three-Patch Local Binary Patterns (TPLBP), Four-Patch Local Binary Patterns (FPLBP), Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF) and Local Phase Quantization (LPQ). Furthermore, experiments on the combinations of the four local descriptors at feature level using simply histograms concatenation are provided. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated with different dimensionality reduction algorithms: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Locality Preserving Projection (OLPP) and the combined PCA+EFM (Enhanced Fisher linear discriminate Model). Finally, multi-class Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as a classifier to carry out the verification between imposters and customers. The proposed method has been tested on CASIA-3D face database and the experimental results show that our method achieves a high verification performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.121-123
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• 2006

얼굴의 표정은 얼굴의 구성요소 같은 기하학적 정보와 조명이나 주름 같은 세부적인 정보들로 표현된다. 얼굴 표정은 기하학적 변형만으로는 실감적인 표정을 생성하기 힘들기 때문에 기하학적 변형과 더불어 텍스쳐 같은 세부적인 정보도 함께 변형해야만 실감적인 표현을 할 수 있다. 표정비율이미지 (Expression Ratio Image)같은 얼굴 텍스처의 세부적인 정보를 변형하기 위한 기존 방법들은 조명에 따른 피부색의 변화를 정확히 표현할 수 없는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 서로 다른 조명 조건에서도 실감적인 표정 텍스처 정보를 적용할 수 있는 비선형 피부색 모델 기반의 표정 합성 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 동적 외양 모델을 이용한 자동적인 얼굴 특징 추출과 와핑을 통한 표정 변형 단계, 비선형 피부색 변화 모델을 이용한 표정 생성 단계, Euclidean Distance Transform (EDT)에 의해 계산된 혼합 비율을 사용한 원본 얼굴 영상과 생성된 표정의 합성 등 총 3 단계로 구성된다. 실험결과는 제안된 방법이 다양한 조명조건에서도 자연스럽고 실감적인 표정을 표현한다는 것을 보인다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.584-587
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• 2014

In the present study, a fibular osteotomy guide based on a computer simulation was applied to a patient who had undergone mandibular segmental ostectomy due to oncological complications. This patient was a 68-year-old woman who presented to our department with a biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma on her left gingival area. This lesion had destroyed the cortical bony structure, and the patient showed attenuation of her soft tissue along the inferior alveolar nerve, indicating perineural spread of the tumor. Prior to surgery, a three-dimensional computed tomography scan of the facial and fibular bones was performed. We then created a virtual computer simulation of the mandibular segmental defect through which we segmented the fibular to reconstruct the proper angulation in the original mandible. Approximately 2-cm segments were created on the basis of this simulation and applied to the virtually simulated mandibular segmental defect. Thus, we obtained a virtual model of the ideal mandibular reconstruction for this patient with a fibular free flap. We could then use this computer simulation for the subsequent surgery and minimize the bony gaps between the multiple fibular bony segments.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1998

본 논문은 얼굴인식 분야에 있어서 필수 과정인 얼굴 및 얼굴의 주요소인 눈과 입의 추출에 관한 방법을 제시한다. 얼굴 영역 추출은 복잡한 배경하에서 움직임 정보나 색상정보를 사용하지 않고 통계적인 모델에 기반한 일종의 형찬정합 방법을 사용하였다. 통계적인 모델은 입력된 얼굴 영상들의 Hotelling변환 과정에서 생성되는 고유 얼굴로, 복잡한 얼굴 영상을 몇 개의 주성분 갑으로 나타낼 수 있게 한다. 얼굴의 크기, 영상의 명암, 얼굴의 위치에 무관하게 얼굴을 추출하기 위해서, 단계적인 크기를 가지는 탐색 윈도우를 이용하여 영상을 검색하고 영상 강화 기법을 적용한 후, 영상을 고유얼굴 공간으로 투영하고 복원하는 과정을 통해 얼굴을 추출한다. 얼굴 요소의 추출은 각 요소별 특성을 고려한 엣지 추출과 이진화에 따른 프로젝션 히스토그램 분석에 의하여 눈과 입의 경계영역을 추출한다. 얼굴 영상에 관련된 윤곽선 추출에 관한 기존의 연구에서 주로 기하학적인 모양을 갖는 눈과 입의 경우에는 주로 가변 템플릿(Deformable Template)방법을 사용하여 특징을 추출하고, 비교적 다양한 모양을 갖는 눈썹, 얼굴 윤곽선 추출에는 스네이크(Snakes: Active Contour Model)를 이용하는 연구들이 이루어지고 있는데, 본 논문에서는 이러한 기존의 연구와는 달리 스네이크를 이용하여 적절한 파라미터의 선택과 에너지함수를 정의하여 눈과 입의 윤곽선 추출을 실험하였다. 복잡한 배경하에서 얼굴 영역의 추출, 추출된 얼굴 영역에서 눈과 입의 영역 추출 및 윤곽선 추출이 비교적 좋은 결과를 보이고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.5 s.153
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• pp.684-698
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• 2006

This study consists of the stimuli of a female model in her twenties with twenty-two different facial make-up. The subjects of this study are one thousand low hundred ninety seven purposive sampled-male and female grown-ups throughout the country. The period of the research was the December of 2004, one month, and the materials were analyzed by factor analysis, T-examination, analysis of variance, Cronbach's a, Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Here follows the result of the research. Firstly, Familiarity, Intelligence, Fitness, Charm, Tradition and Youth were came out as the result of factor analysis of make-up color image perception. Secondly, in age/lip color perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Intelligence and Charm. In age/image make-up perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Familiarity, Charm especially on Cool image make-up. Thirdly in habitant/lip color perception of dark skin tone, there was difference of Intelligence and Charm. In habitant/image make-up perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Familiarity, Charm and of bright skin tone, Intelligence, Charm, Tradition and Youth. Fourthly, there were the interaction effects on the gender of perceivers and lip color and image make-up of perceivers habitant. Lastly, in preference rate, lip color was more affected by age and image make-up were more affected by perceivers habitant.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.193-199
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• 2004

The decreasing effect of wrinkle on the pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel patches containing ulmi cortex extract and sorbitol as the drug for anti-wrinkle were investigated. In this study, hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking reaction of acrylic polymers and aluminum ions produced by L(+)-tartaric acid hydrolysis of the dihydroxy aluminum aminoacetates. The inhibition concentration of ulmi cortex extract on the collagenase exhibited at 0.01%. Furthermore, the moisturizing effect of hydrogel patches formulated with sorbitol was higher than that without it. In vivo animal test in hairless mouse showed that the ulmi cortex-loaded hydrogel patches had about 31.2% of anti-wrinkle effect compared to blank (before attaching the patches). Human test showed that only 33% of subjects showed the decreasing of wrinkle during 8 weeks. In conclusion, the model pressure sensitive adhesive hydrogel patches in this study would be pharmaceutically applicable for the wrinkle treatment on the facial skin.