• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2005

Background : Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is believed to have multifactorial causes. The major risk factors for OSAS are obesity, narrowed upper airways, and abnormal cranial-facial structures. A genetic basis for OSAS has been also suggested by reports of families with many members affected. This study analyzed the HLA typing in patients with OSAS to determine the possible role of genetics in OSAS. Methods : Twenty-five Korean patients with OSAS (1 woman and 24 men; age range 30-66 years) were enrolled in this study. A diagnosis of OSAS was made using full-night polysomnography. The control group consisted of 200 healthy Korean people. Serologic typing of the HLA-A and B alleles was performed in all patients using a standard lymphocyte microcytotoxicity test. Analysis of the polymorphic second exons of the HLA-DRB1 gene was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific oligonucleotide probe. Results : The allele frequency of HLA-A11 was significantly lower in patients with OSAS compared with the controls (p<0.05). The HLA-B allele frequencies in the patients and controls had a similar distribution. Analysis of the HLADRB1 gene polymorphisms showed an increased frequency of DRB1*09 in the OSA patients compared with the controls (p<0.05). When the analysis was performed after dividing the OSAS patients according to the severity of apnea, the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*08 was significantly higher in the severe OSA patients (apnea index >45) than in the controls (p<0.05). Conclusion : This study revealed an association between OSAS and the HLA-A11 and DRB1*09 alleles as well as association between the disease severity and the HLA-DRB1*08 allele in Korean patients. These results suggest that genetics plays an important role in both the development and the disease severity of OSAS.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and biochemical features as well as the molecular analysis of a newly diagnosed illustrative case with ML II and to analyze the clinical features of 11 Korean patients with ML II/III. Method: Including a newly diagnosed patient, total 11 patients in 10 families were diagnosed as ML II (n=7) or ML III (n=4) were enrolled in the study. A diagnosis of ML II or III was made by demonstrating increased lysosomal enzyme activities in the plasma and sequence analysis of GNPTAB with characteristic clinical features. Result: A illustrative case of ML II patient was a 17 month-old boy showing characteristic facial appearance, multiple joint contractures with cardiac involvements. The enzyme assay showed increased lysosomal enzyme activities in the plasma. We identified compound heterozygous mutations in GNPTAB sequence analysis, including a frameshift (c.3428dupA [pAsn1143Lysfs*3]) and a nonsense variant c.673C>T (p.Gln225*). In total 11 patients with ML II/III, the patients with ML II showed severe growth retardation (height standard deviation score -3.2 [${\pm}1.5$]), compare to patients with ML III. Furthermore, patients with ML II patients had serious cardiac problem (n=4), hepatomegaly (n=3) and underwent tracheostomy (n=3) with further respiratory support due to respiratory distress. To improve osteoporosis and bone pain, all patients with ML III and four of 7 patients with ML II treated with intravenous pamidronate. Conclusion: Here we showed a newly diagnosed case of ML II and clinical features of 11 Korean patients with ML II or III. These data could be helpful for further diagnosis of mucolipidosis, a rare inherited metabolic disease, in Korea.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.424-429
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate whether peripheral or central administration of triptolide is involved in pain modulation in inflammatory orofacial pain. The inflammatory orofacial pain was induced by the injection of 5% formalin into right vibrissa pad of rats. The pain behavioral response was measured the number of grooming or scratching on the orofacial area for 9 successive 5 minutes intervals. Triptolide was administrated into the identified vibrissa pad (12.5, 25, $50{\mu}g/50{\mu}l$) or intracisternal space (0.01, 0.1, $1{\mu}g/10{\mu}l$) 10 min before formalin injection. The nociceptive responses were reduced in the 2nd phase (11~45 minutes), particularly 20, 30 minutes after fomalin injection following administration of triptolide into vibrissa pad (25, $50{\mu}g/50{\mu}l$). Intracisternal ($1{\mu}g/10{\mu}l$) administration of triptolide alleviated the formalin-induced pain behaviors in the 2nd phase, especially 25~40 minutes after formalin injection. Triptolide could be a promising analgesic agent in the treatment of inflammatory orofacial pain.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was aimed to investigated the warning signs and its relationship with the other characteristics in acute stroke patients. Methods : 225 acute stroke patients were recruited at the Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center) of Kyung Hee University Oriental Hospital from October 2005 to September 2006. We evaluated their stroke type with brain MRI, their warning signs, and general characteristics such as age, sex, past history, risk factors, etc. Results : 225 subjects were included in the final analysis. In the subjects' general characteristics, the most common etiology of stroke was small vessel occlusion. In the assessment of the subjects' warning signs, the frequency of tension felt at the cervical area was highest followed by blepharospasm, sensory dysfunction (one side of numbness, tingling sensation, dead sensation), one side paralysis or weakness, etc. After analyzing etiology, cerebral hemorrhage had more facial spasm sign and hypertension than cerebral infarction. On the other hand, cerebral infarction had more diabetes and sensory dysfunction (one side of numbness, tingling sensation, dead sensation) than cerebral hemorrhage. Among stroke locations, subjects with their brain lesion in the cortex had more warning sings of motor dysfunction such as one side paralysis, or weakness. Multiple lesions showed a close relationship with smoking habit and were more common in males than in females. The under 65 years old group were more commonly associated with alcohol consumption, accidental mental stress and blepharospam than the over 65 years old group. In the group of under 65 years old, males more commonly had lesions in occipital lobe, alcohol consumption and smoking habit than females. Otherwise, females more commonly had vision dysfunction and blepharospasm than males. In the group of over 65 years old, males more commonly had cortex lesion than females. On the other hand, Females more commonly had accidental mental stress than males. Conclusions : We observed various warning signs and their distribution in acute stroke patients. The subjects' brainlesions and their etiology seemed to affect the features of the warning signs. Hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were also related to etiology of stroke and some habitual problems such as smoking and drinking seemed to reduce the age of stroke ictus. Although a concrete conclusion can hardly be drawn from this study, it reminds physicians of the importance of warning signs which appear among their patients.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.31
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• pp.73-100
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• 2012

Republic of Korea for the last 2012 nuclear security summit in Seoul in three days from March 26, has held great success. This industry watchers at home and abroad through professional meetings and private organizations to promote global nuclear security was intended to draw, for the preparation of this event the most important one of the things that should be addressed at the meeting was over the top guard. The national guard of heads of state and nationally significant as the important issues should be dealt with. So who is responsible for national security summit national guard for a successful guard against participants should have a higher understanding, these stories ever to be dealt with important security subjects is the psychological state of cognition. This study is currently a source of honor to escort the psychological state of subjects, and whether the search as I looked at cognition. Qualitative research methods to conduct research in-depth interview technique was used for one of the transcribed data analysis program, a non-quantitative data were analyzed using NVivo 8. As a result of this study, analysis of the problem compared with the usual methods 39 (72.2%), fine-grained observation and 15 (27.7%), through the media how cognition 41 (73.2%), marginal help of 15 (26.7%) were. The usual comparison with how honored Issue sources to detect security of those words and actions and facial expressions, etc. Security of subjects over the state of mind cognition that he, detailed observation of the national guard to security subjects the psychological state of cognition which are pre-Thorough Information subjects that can have all the information about security and the state can be obtained by saying that. Media coverage through a cognitive approach national guard of the media coverage to understand the security subjects of the political situation to understand the prerequisite that were marginal for help through the cognitive approach of security subjects surrounding the execution of security workers, Secretary in charge of protocol and security, and be propagated through the selection techniques to be utilized was that.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2014

Hearing-impaired people have difficulty in hearing, so it is also hard for them to learn letters that represent sound and text that conveys complex and abstract concepts. Therefore it has been natural choice for the hearing-impaired people to use sign language for communication, which employes facial expression, and hands and body motion. However, the major communication methods in daily life are text and speech, which are big obstacles for the hearing-impaired people to access information, to learn and make intellectual activities, and to get jobs. As delivering information via internet become common the hearing-impaired people are experiencing more difficulty in accessing information since internet represents information mostly in text forms. This intensifies unbalance of information accessibility. This paper reports web-based text-to-sign language translating system that helps web designer to use sign language in web page design. Since the system is web-based, if web designers are equipped with common computing environment for internet browsing, they can use the system. The web-based text-to-sign language system takes the format of bulletin board as user interface. When web designers write paragraphs and post them through the bulletin board to the translating server, the server translates the incoming text to sign language, animates with 3D avatar and records the animation in a MP4 file. The file addresses are fetched by the bulletin board and it enables web designers embed the translated sign language file into their web pages by using HTML5 or Javascript. Also we analyzed text used by web pages of public services, then figured out new words to the translating system, and added to improve translation. This addition is expected to encourage wide and easy acceptance of web pages for hearing-impaired people to public services.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.469-485
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• 1996

Orthodontic patients are individuals that grow and develop ; therefore selection of the proper time for orthodontic treatment is considered to be one of most difficult and yet difficult factor. Since the development of cephalometric X-ray, amount and Pattern of craniofacial growth change with aging could be predicted and be came useful in the process of orthodontic treatment. The relationship between the mean values of cephalometric measurements and body height and weight was studied among the groups(boys and girls) of Korean children from the ages 6-years to 17-years. 409 boys and 437 girls with no abnormality in growth and development and no history of orthodontic treatment from the ages of 6 years to 17 years were chosen as subjects Cephaloment X-ray were taken for 3 years and hard tissue analysis based on Burstone's COGS, which was devided into measurements of 6 parts(Cranial base, Maxillar and Mandible, Dental measurements). The relationship between craniofacial growth and height & weight was studied. The following conclusions were obtained : 1. The maximum growth in the measurements of cranial base, N-Ar(FH), N-Ba(FH) corresponded with the age with the maximum increase in body height & weight in both boys and girls. 2. Genial angle gradually decreased with aging in both boys and girls. 3. N-ANS(L) showed greater amount of growth than ANS-Ne(L), and this had greater influence on facial profile. 4. N-A-$Pog^{\circ}$ decreased with aging, and mandibular growth exceeded maxillary growth in amount and rate. 5. Length of Y-axis Increased, but Y-axis to FH plane remained constant. This show that mandible grows at a constant angulation to cranial base. 6. As permanent teeth erupt, interincisal angle deceased.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.104-120
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the hard and soft tissue changes associated with mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and genioplasty. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 40 patients who underwent either bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback (BSSO group, n = 20) or in combination with advancement genioplasty (Genio group, n = 20). Lateral radiographs, were taken before and immediately after surgery, and at least 6 months after surgery. Results: Comparing hard and soft tissue changes between the BSSO group and Genio group, there were significant differences in the lower incisor, soft tissue B point (B'), and soft tissue Pogonion (Pg') (p < 0.5). The mean ratio of hard and soft tissue changes for B/B', Pg/Pg', and Menton/soft tissue Menton after surgery in the BSSO group was 0.997, 0.965, and 1.022 respectively, and 0.824, 0.602, and 0.887 respectively in the genio group. Significant differences were found between the two groups. There were significant differences in lip thickness (B-B', Pg-Pg') in the Genioplasty group between pre and postsurgery, but not in the BSSO group. Pogonion to Labrale inferior and B' had a correlation coefficient of 0.833, 0.922, respectively for the BSSO group, and 0.775, 0.799 for the Genio group. Conclusions: The results indicate that there is a significant difference between bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with or without genioplasty in the lower facial esthetics values. The combination of mandibular setback and genioplasty had a smaller change in soft tissue thickness of the symphysis area after surgery than that of mandibular setback only.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2004

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical features of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome(SSSS) isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus(MRSA) with those of SSSS isolated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcal aureus(MSSA) in children. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and microbiological results of 36 cases of SSSS who were admitted to the Pediatric Department of Ulsan Dong-Kang General Hospital from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2003. Results : Among 36 cases, there were 7 generalized types, 1 abortive type in MRSA group and 5 generalized types, 6 abortive types in MSSA group. The peak incidence of age was between 2 and 5 years in both groups. SSSS were diagnosed with increasing frequency. Most of MRSA group were diagnosed in 2003(6/8). The peak seasonal incidence was fall and winter in both groups. Facial lesion was observed in all cases followed by flexural lesion in both groups. Staphylococci were isolated from the skin and throat most frequently in both groups. Upper respiratory illness and conjunctivitis were most common preceding infections in both groups. Among 8 cases of MRSA group, 4 cases were treated completely with ampicillin-sulbactam. There was no significant difference of mean duration of admission between MRSA group and MSSA group. Conclusion : There was no significant difference of clinical features between MRSA group and MSSA group although generalized types of SSSS were more common in MRSA group than in MSSA group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.336-343
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• 2010

Coronary artery CT angiography has short scanning length, the exposure dose is high. Therefore, it is required to study on the organ dose when using MDCT. We compared the differences between the absorbed dose and effective dose in the major organs assessing the absorbed dose in the major organs by 16-MDCT and 64-MDCT in the subjects with coronary artery CT angiography, the same protocol by 16-MDCT and 64-MDCT. As a result, the great orders of absorbed dose when conducting coronary artery CT angiography had been shown as heart, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, large intestine, lung, small intestine, thyroid gland, ovary, bladder, and orbit with the absorbed dose distribution of $0.538{\pm}0.026(Mean{\pm}SD,\;p<0.05)mGy{\sim}71.316{\pm}4.316mGy$ in 16-MDCT, and heart, stomach, pancreas, spleen, liver, kidney, small intestine, large intestine, lung, thyroid gland, ovary, bladder, and orbit with the absorbed dose distribution of $0.87{\pm}0.01mGy{\sim}115.26{\pm}1.59mGy$ in 64-MDCT, demonstrating some different distributions. The exposed doses to the patient per one time scanning with coronary artery CT angiography were $71.316{\pm}4.316mGy$ in 16-MDCT as the absorbed dose based on the heart and $115.26{\pm}1.59mGy$ in 64-MDCT. The effective doses were 7.41 mSv and 12.11 mSv in 16 and 64-MDCT, respectively. Taking into account the results of brain CT with 2.8 mSv that has comparatively large scanning length and size, facial CT 0.8 mSv, chest CT 5.7 mSv, pelvic CT 7.2 mSv, and abdominal and pelvic CT 14.4 mSv, it is very high considering the scanning length of 13 cm limited to the heart for the scanning range.