• Title/Summary/Keyword: Facet

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Treatment of Facet Joint Syndrome (추간관절 증후군의 치료)

  • Choe, Joong-Rieb;Song, Chan-Woo;Lee, Kyung-Sook
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.292-298
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    • 1994
  • The common disorder called facet syndrome exhibits lower back pain, with or without, radiating pain to buttock and thigh due to facet joint arthropathy. Many physicians have believed that the usual lesion of facet syndrome was an anatomical impairments of facet joint itself. So facet joint block has been known only as a therapeutic and diagnostic modality of facet syndrome. Based on clinical experience and anatomical study, we have concluded varying opinions from common sense about facet syndrome. Pain in the facet joint is supposedly the secondary effect of narrowing of joint space by sustained muscle contracture around joints. We therefore conclude that spasmolytic treatment of muscles connecting the two vertebral articular space would be better for treatment and diagnosis of facet syndrome rather than facet block with local anesthetic and steroid only.

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Facet Joint Syndrome (추간관절 증후군)

  • Kang, Jeom-Deok
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.93-97
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    • 2009
  • Anatomy: Facet joint syndrome most often affects the lower back and neck and refers to pain that occurs in the facet joints, which are the connections between the vertebrae in the spine that enable the spine to bend and twist. Many physicians have believed that the usual lesion of facet syndrome was an anatomical impairments of facet joint itself.. Facet joint injection using local anesthetics is a reliable method for the diagnosis and treatment for facet syndrome. Etiology: One of many possible causes is imbalances that can occur in stress levels, hormone levels, and nutritional levels. These imbalances can adversely affect posture, which can lead to neck and back pain. The common disorder called facet syndrome exhibits lower back pain, with or without, radiating pain to buttock and thigh due to facet joint arthropathy. Pain in the facet joint is supposedly the secondary effect of narrowing of joint space by sustained muscle contracture around joints. Syndrome: Facet joint syndrome tends to produce pain or tenderness in the lower back that increases with twisting or arching the body, as well as pain that moves to the buttocks or the back of the thighs. Other symptoms include stiffness or difficulty standing up straight or getting out of a chair. Pain can be felt in other areas such as the shoulders or mid-back area. Treatment: Non-drug treatments include hot packs, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and therapeutic exercises. Stimulating blood flow using massage or a hot tub may also help. Alternative treatments include yoga and relaxation therapy. If your pain persists after trying these treatments, a surgical procedure called radiofrequency rhizotomy, which destroys the sensory nerves of the joint, may bring relief. Facet joint injection has been helpful in diagnosis and therapy for this facet syndrome. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of medial branches is known to be an effective method of relieving pain caused by facet joint problems. We conclude that spasmolytic treatment of muscles connecting the two vertebral articular space would be better for treatment and diagnosis of facet syndrome rather than facet block with local anesthetic and steroid only.

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A Study on the Facet Structure of Music in DDC (DDC 음악류의 조합식 구조에 대한 연구)

  • 정해성
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.147-170
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    • 2001
  • This study intends to 1)conform the possibility to transform the enumerated scheme into the faceted scheme, 2)review general theories on facet structure employed in DDC 780, and 3) analyze the facet structure of music. Findings are 1) The facet structure of DDC synthesize the standard subdivisions or specific facet indicators with basic facet. 2) facet indicator 0 is in use to indicate standard subdivision or general principle of music. and facet indicator 1 to general principles and musical forms. DDC has transformed the entire system into the facet structure through its revisions. Especially the music transformed into the facet structure employes the facet indicators and applies them to all the systems in music. But the notation have sometimes twofold meanings, and no ability to differentiate the meanings in the same notation.

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Facet joint disorders: from diagnosis to treatment

  • Yeong-Min Yoo;Kyung-Hoon Kim
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.3-12
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    • 2024
  • One of the most common sources of spinal pain syndromes is the facet joints. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar facet joint pain syndromes comprise 55%, 42%, and 31% of chronic spinal pain syndromes, respectively. Common facet joint disorders are degenerative disorders, such as osteoarthritis, hypertrophied superior articular process, and facet joint cysts; septic arthritis; systemic and metabolic disorders, such as ankylosing spondylitis or gout; and traumatic dislocations. The facet pain syndrome from osteoarthritis is suspected from a patient's history (referred pain pattern) and physical examination (tenderness). Other facet joint disorders may cause radicular pain if mass effect from a facet joint cyst, hypertrophied superior articular process, or tumors compress the dorsal root ganglion. However, a high degree of morphological change does not always provoke pain. The superiority of innervating nerve block or direct joint injection for diagnosis and treatment is still a controversy. Treatment includes facet joint injection in facet joint osteoarthritis or whiplash injury provoking referred pain or decompression in mass effect in cases of hypertrophied superior articular process or facet joint cyst eliciting radicular pain. In addition, septic arthritis is treated using a proper antibiotic, based on infected tissue or blood culture. This review describes the diagnosis and treatment of common facet joint disorders.

Bipolar Intra-articular Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of the Thoracic Facet Joints: A Case Series of a New Technique

  • Kim, David
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 2014
  • Background: This study tests the hypothesis that of bipolar radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the thoracic facet joint capsule may provide a safe and effect method of pain control from thoracic facet origin. Methods: Among patients suffering from localized mid back pain, nine patients with thoracic facet disease confirmed by magnetic resonance image and diagnostic thoracic facet block were enrolled. Bipolar radiofrequency ablation in the inferior aspect of the thoracic facet joint was done. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was measured pre-intervention and 1 month post-intervention. Any complications and changes in amount of pain medication were recorded. Results: Significant 47.6% reduction in VAS was noted at 1 month. There were no serious complications. Conclusions: Intra-articular bipolar radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the thoracic facet joint may be a technically easier and valid method of treating mid back pain of thoracic facet origin.

Radiofrequency Facet Joint Denervation in the Treatment of Low Back Pain: Relationship with the Diagnostic Block (요부 후지낵측지 고주파 열응고술: 진단적 차단과의 연관성)

  • Shim, Jae-Chol;Seung, Ik-Sang
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.218-224
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    • 2001
  • Background: Response to diagnostic blocks does not consistently predict the outcome of interventional facet denervation. We investigated the relationship between pain relief by the percutaneous radiofrequency denervation of the lumbar zygapophysial joints with the result of facet joint diagnostic local anesthetic injection in patients with back pain originating from the lumbar zygapophysial joint. Methods: There were 35 patients enrolled, with ranging in age from 25 to 76 years ($52.6{\pm}12.7$ years, mean ${\pm}$ SD). We studied 7 men (20%) and 28 women (80%). All patients underwent double diagnostic block of $L_{3/4}$, $L_{4/5}$ and $L_5-S_1$ facet joint with 0.5% bupivacaine. The 35 patients fell into the following group. (1) Group A (n = 16): those who felt clear relief (pain free with Likert scale) from the double diagnostic block (2) Group B (n = 19): 11 patients who were always equivocal in their response to the double diagnostic block and 8 patients who were either pain free or equivocal in their response to the double diagnostic block. All 11 patients were done the facet joint denervation. The effect on the pain was evaluated with 4 point Likert scale 1, 6 and 12 weeks after the procedure. We evaluated the relationship between the pain response to diagnostic block and the pain relief with facet joint denervation. Results: Significant correlation was observed between the response to diagnostic block and pain relief with facet denervation (P < 0.05). We found no correlation between the categories of spinal operation and pain response to facet denervation (P value > 0.05). Conclusions: A satisfactory result of lumbar facet joint denervation can be obtained in many patients, especillay in patients whose pain were relieved by the diagnostic double facet joint block. It may be said that facet joint denervation for mechanical low back pain using radiofrequency thermocoagulation is a safe, easy, and repeatable technique.

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Unintentional lumbar facet joint injection guided by fluoroscopy during interlaminar epidural steroid injection: a retrospective analysis

  • Kim, Min Jae;Choi, Yun Suk;Suh, Hae Jin;Kim, You Jin;Noh, Byeong Jin
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2018
  • Background: An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a commonly administered procedure in pain clinics. An unintentional lumbar facet joint injection during interlaminar ESI was reported in a previous study, but there has not been much research on the characteristics of an unintentional lumbar facet joint injection. This study illustrated the imaging features of an unintentional lumbar facet joint injection during an interlaminar ESI and analyzed characteristics of patients who underwent this injection. Methods: From December 2015 to May 2017, we performed 662 lumbar ESIs and we identified 24 cases (21 patients) that underwent a lumbar facet joint injection. We gathered data contrast pattern, needle approach levels and directions, injected facet joint levels and directions, presence of lumbar spine disease as seen on magnetic resonance images (MRI), and histories of lumbar spine surgeries. Results: The contrast pattern in the facet joint has a sigmoid or ovoid contrast pattern confined to the vicinity of the facet joint. The incidence of unintentional lumbar facet joint injection was 3.6%. The mean age was 68.47 years. Among these 21 patients, 14 (66.7%) were injected in the facet joint ipsilaterally to the needle approach. Among the 20 patients who received MRI, all (100%) had central stenosis and 15 patients (75%) had severe stenosis. Conclusions: When the operator performs an interlaminar ESI on patients with central spinal stenosis, the contrast pattern on the fluoroscopy during interlaminar ESI should be carefully examined to distinguish between the epidural space and facet joint.

Facet Growth of InGaAs on GaAs(100) by Chemical Beam Epitaxy Using Unprecracked Monoethylarsine (GaAs(100) 기판에 사전 열분해하지 않은 Monoethylarsine을 사용하는 Chemical Beam Epitaxy방법에 의한 InGaAs박막의 Facet 성장에 관한 연구)

  • 김성복;박성주;노정래;이일항
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.199-205
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    • 1996
  • InGaAs eqitaxial layers have been selectively grown on patterned GaAs(100) substrates by chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) using triethylgallium (TEGa), trimethylindium (TMIn), and unprecracked monoethylarsine (MEAs). Facet growth of InGaAs epilayers has also been investigated at the various growth temperatures and Si4N4 dielectric pattern directions. In [011] jirection of mask, the change from (311), (377) and (111) facets to (311) facet with increasing growth temperature was observed. In [011] direction, however, the change from (011) and (111) facets to (111) facet with increasing growth temperature was observed. These results are attributed to the sidewall growth caused by different surface migration lengths of reactants. The formation of U-shaped (100) top surface is also discussed in terms of dangling bond model.

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A Study on the Facet Structure of Life Science and Literature in DDC (DDC의 패싯 구조에 대한 연구 -생명과학과 문학을 중심으로-)

    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.53-96
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    • 1999
  • This study intends to : 1) confirm the possibility to transform the enumerated scheme into the faceted scheme, 2) review general theories on facet structure employed in DDC of the enumerated scheme, 3) analyze the facet structure of life science and literature in DDC, and 4) comparison of the facet structure of life science and literature in DDC and CC. This study suggests following conclusions. 1) CC follows throughly the classification principles by Ranganathan, but all classification theories are not property applied to DDC yet. 2) Because DDC does not have any formula to classify the compound subject, but has to follow the compounding methods presented in each subject, its facet structure is too complicated. 3) DDC has transformed the entire system into the facet structure through its revision. Expecially the life science transformed into the facet structure employed the facet indicators and applies them to all the systems in life science. But the notations have sometimes twofold meanings, and no ability to differentiate the meanings in the same notation,. When DDC follows the classification method by facet, the number of items for classification so limited that it is difficult to array the subdivision and that length of notation becomes longer and longer.

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Clinical Study on 5th Lumbar - 1st Sacrum Facet Syndrome Patients' Radiological Finding (제5요추 - 제1천추간 후관절증후군 환자의 방사선학적 소견에 관한 임상적 연구)

  • Choi, You-Seok;Kim, Dae-Feel;Keum, Dong-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.183-191
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : The 5th lumbar - 1st sacrum facet joint is unstable area from an anatomical viewpoint, so that it is clinically major causes of low back pain. The purpose of this study is to assess the difference of the Van Akkerveeken measurement and intervertebral disc angle, Ferguson angle betwoon the 5th lumbar - 1st sacrum facet syndrome patients and sample group patients.Methods : Van Akkerveeken measurement, intervertebral disc angle and Ferguson angle were measured in 30 patients who had 5th lumbar - 1st sacrum facet syndrome and 31 sample group patients.Results :1. Van Akkerveeken measurement of 5th lumbar - 1st sacrum facet syndrome patients is statistically larger that of than sample group patients.2. Intervertebral disc angle of the 5th lumbar - 1st sacrum facet syndrome patients is statistically larger that of than sample group patients.3. Ferguson angle is the 5th lumbar - 1st sacrum facet syndrome patients is statistically larger than that of sample group patients.Conclusions : These results suggest that Van Akkerveeken measurement and intervertebral disc angle is able to be used for diagnosis of facet syndrome.