• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.66 no.5
• /
• pp.390-404
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics and changes in epistemic thinking when an argument-based inquiry science class was applied in no face-to-face and face-to-face situations. Participants of this study were 113 8th grade students of four classes from a coed educational middle school in a metropolitan city. Data collection was made over one semester during which ten argument-based inquiry science lessons on five subjects were conducted in both no face-to-face and face-to-face context. As a result of comparing and analyzing students' epistemic thinking in the argumentation of each group's generating question stage, the no face-to-face classes showed higher understanding of contents and more evidence suggestion validity than face-to-face classes did. Claim validity and categories of process in argumentation were higher in face-to-face classes than No face-to-face classes. Students were able to improve their understanding of knowledge through writing by discussing rather than direct communication in no face-to-face situations, and in face-to-face situations, students showed that their thoughts were influenced by interpersonal relationships with the group members.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.01a
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 2009

Significant attention has recently been drawn to digital home photo albums that use face detection technology. The tendency can be found in home photo albums that people prefer to allocate concerned objects in the center of the image rather than the boundary when they take a picture. To improve detection performance and speed that are important factors of face detection task, this paper proposes a face detection method that takes spatial context information into consideration. Experiments were performed to verify the usefulness of the proposed method and results indicate that the proposed face detection method can efficiently reduce the false positive rate as well as the runtime of face detection.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.435-470
• /
• 2012

This paper aims to examine directives and its adjacency pair directives-responses in the Chinese textbook Hanyu Kouyu from the speech act theory, and give some suggestions for Chinese speaking instruction. For analysis of directives, it is important to consider context surrounding it at first. Context includes space for speaking, person who speak with, adjacent speech act, etc., so this paper considers context firstly before explaining directives and discusses how each element of context effects interpretation of its meaning. From the politeness perspective, directives and rejection as one of the responses are easy to be FTAs(face-threatening acts) fundamentally, so they are required to have some strategies for minimizing the threat, and it is found that there are strategies for positive face and negative face in the textbook. In the textbook, it is also examined that directives-responses contribute for interlocutor to accomplish social acts, for example, negotiating, insisting, maintaining, making alternative ideas, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2022

In this study we conducted a research regarding the effect on learning immersion and perception of the learning environment by learning presence of students in the Department of aeronautical science and flight operation in the context of non-face-to-face lectures caused by COVID-19. The relationship between learning presence (cognitive presence, emotional presence, and social presence) and learning commitment showed a high correlation. The learning immersion was also found to increase when cognitive presence, emotional presence, and social presence increased in multiple regression analysis to find out the effects of cognitive presence, emotional presence, and social presence, which are sub-factors of learning presence. The advantage of non-face-to-face classes was to be the ease of learning, and the disadvantage of non-face-to-face classes was the most difficulty of the learning process in the content analysis of the non-face-to-face class environment.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.4080-4097
• /
• 2020

In recent years, convolutional neural network (CNN) has become the primary method for face detection. But its shortcomings are obvious, such as expensive calculation, heavy model, etc. This makes CNN difficult to use on the mobile devices which have limited computing and storage capabilities. Therefore, the design of lightweight CNN for face detection is becoming more and more important with the popularity of smartphones and mobile Internet. Based on the CPU real-time face detector FaceBoxes, we propose a multi-task lightweight face detector, which has low computing cost and higher detection precision. First, to improve the detection capability, the squeeze and excitation modules are used to extract attention between channels. Then, the textual and semantic information are extracted by shallow networks and deep networks respectively to get rich features. Finally, the landmark detection module is used to improve the detection performance for small faces and provide landmark data for face alignment. Experiments on AFW, FDDB, PASCAL, and WIDER FACE datasets show that our algorithm has achieved significant improvement in the mean average precision. Especially, on the WIDER FACE hard validation set, our algorithm outperforms the mean average precision of FaceBoxes by 7.2%. For VGA-resolution images, the running speed of our algorithm can reach 23FPS on a CPU device.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.659-669
• /
• 2015

Face Recognition assumes much significance in the context of security based application. Normally, high resolution images offer more details about the image and recognizing a face from a reasonably high resolution image would be easier when compared to recognizing images from very low resolution images. This paper addresses the problem of recognizing faces from a very low resolution image whose size is as low as $8{\times}8$. With the use of CCTV(Closed Circuit Television) and with other surveillance camera-based application for security purposes, the need to overcome the shortcomings with very low resolution images has been on the rise. The present day face recognition algorithms could not provide adequate performance when employed to recognize images from VLR images. Existing methods use super-resolution (SR) methods and Relation Based Super Resolution methods to construct from very low resolution images. This paper uses a learning based super resolution method to extract and construct images from very low resolution images. Experimental results show that the proposed SR algorithm based on relationship learning outperforms the existing algorithms in public face databases.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.613-621
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand the transition experience from face-to-face lectures by nursing professors to non-face-to-face lectures. In this study, 17 nursing professors who have conducted non-face-to-face lectures for at least two semesters were collected through in-depth individual interviews according to the empirical phenomenological research method and analyzed according to the qualitative topic analysis method. The research results described the transition experiences of non-face-to-face lectures, focusing on the topics of change and development process according to non-face-to-face lectures, relationship with students, self-relationship, social context and sociality. In conclusion, nursing professors are expected to receive sufficient support to autonomously select non-face-to-face lectures using advanced technologies according to the trend of social change.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.167-175
• /
• 2023

In the context of COVID-19, this study was conducted to study how college students' earned grades and average grade point averages changed according to face-to-face and non-face-to-face classes. For this study, grade data was extracted using an access database. For the study, 152 students during the 3rd semester were compared and analyzed the grade point average, average grade point average, midterm exam, final exam, assignment score, and attendance score of students who participated in non-face-to-face and face-to-face classes. As an analysis method, independent sample t-test statistical processing was performed. It was concluded that the face-to-face class students had better grades and average GPA. As a result, the face-to-face class students showed 4.39 points higher than the non-face-to-face class students, and the average grade value was 0.6642 points higher. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was statistically significant, and the face-to-face class averaged 21.22 and the non-face-to-face class had 16.83 points. In conclusion, it was confirmed that face-to-face students' grades were generally higher than those of non-face-to-face students, and that face-to-face students showed higher participation in class.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of individuals with social anxiety tendency and normal people according to existence of emotional context in attention processing for positive facial stimulation. To do this, we investigated attentional processing for positive face stimuli in a condition without/with emotional context. SADS and CES-D were administered to 800 undergraduate students in D city and the social anxiety group (SA, n=24) and the normal control group (NC, n=24) were selected. In order to measure the two factors of attention process (attention engagement and attention disengagement), first gaze direction and first gaze time were measured through eye-movement tracking. The results show that the SA group exhibited faster attention disengagement from positive face stimuli compared to the NC group in the condition without context. But, when the positive context presented with positive face stimuli, there is no difference between SA and NC. This result suggests that the positive background affects emotional processing of social anxiety disorder.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.535-544
• /
• 2004

With video compression standards such as MPEG-4, a transmission error happens in a video-packet basis, rather than in a macroblock basis. In this context, we propose a semantic error prioritization method that determines the size of a video packet based on the importance of its contents. A video packet length is made to be short for an important area such as a facial area in order to reduce the possibility of error accumulation. To facilitate the semantic error prioritization, an efficient hardware algorithm for face tracking is proposed. The increase of hardware complexity is minimal because a motion estimation engine is efficiently re-used for face tracking. Experimental results demonstrate that the facial area is well protected with the proposed scheme.