• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2005

This studies were conducted to investigated the feeding effects of extruded broiler manure(BMERF) mixture and swine manure(SFERF) mixture on laying performance and egg qualify of laying hens. As a experimental feed, broiler manure, corn and tapioca were mixed in 50, 30 and $20\%$ to use for treated extrusion feed(BMERF, Exp. 1) and food waste(FW), swine manure and com were also mixed in 40, 40 and $20\%$ to use it(SFERF, Exp. 2) and implemented during 12 weeks, four replication and 30 chick of each treatment. The nutritional ingredients(protein, energy and calcium contents) of food waste, broiler manure and swine manure had been significantly improved(p<0.05) when handling extrusion. In the Exp. 1, the feed intake was much higher BMERF $40\%$ and BMERF $20\%$ than control and BMERF $10\%(p<0.05)$, the egg production of control, BMERF $10\%$ and BMERF $20\%$ were not significantly difference(p>0.05), but BMERF $40\%$ was significantly lower(p<0.05). The feed efficiency of control and BMERF $10\%$ were not significantly difference(p>0.05), but BMERF $20\%$ and BMERF $40\%$ were significantly lower(p<0.05). York color, White height and Haugh unit did not affected by BMERF additive. In the Exp. 2, the feed intake of control, FW $20\%$, SFERF $10\%$ and SFERF $20\%$ were not significantly difference(p<0.05), but FW $40\%$ and SFERF $40\%$ were significantly higher(p<0.05). The egg production of SFERF $10\%$ and SFERF $20\%$ were not significantly difference(p>0.05) with control, but FW $20\%$, FW $40\%$ and SFERF $40\%$ were significantly lower(p<0.05). The feed efficiency was similar tendency to the egg production, however, the egg weight, york color, white height and haugh unit were not significantly difference among each treatments(p>0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.98-99
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• 2011

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2007

Comparison of fish number on routine oxygen consumption (OC) of black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) reared in seawater (SW) versus freshwater (FW) was performed in closed water-recirculating system containing respiratory chamber. Fish acclimated in separate indoor tanks with SW or FW were sampled as two groups (one or three of fish used, $mean\;{\pm}\;S.D.=36.4{\pm}9.8$). OC of fish reared in both SW and FW showed clear temporal rhythms, with higher values in the daytime and lower values at night, in accordance with light (09:00-21:00 h) and dark (21:00-09:00 h) phases of the diel cycle (12L:12D). The OC of the fish increased linearly with the water temperature. The OCs of black porgy reared in SW and FW at 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$ were 140.0, 174.8, 282.3 mg $O^2{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and 177.5, 307.8, 413.1 mg $O^2{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ for the one of fish used, and 200.5, 274.7, 339.1 mg $O^2{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and 118.2, 188.2, 252.8 mg $O^2{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ for three of fish used, respectively. Black porgy reared in SW had higher ventilation rates than those in FW. These results indicate that black porgy reared in FW had higher OC than those in SW at the one of fish used, but the fish reared in SW had higher OC than those in FW at the three of fish used.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.11
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• pp.259-277
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• 2001

본 연구는 개방형 문제를 활용한 평가가 수학적 창의력에 미치는 효과를 분석함으로써 수학적 창의력을 신장시킬 수 있는 평가 방법을 찾는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 대구광역시 소재의 C중학교 2학년 1개반과 S중학교 2학년 1개반을 임의로 선정하여 한 반은 개방형 문제를 활용한 평가 집단으로 하고 다른 한 반은 전통적 평가 집단으로 무선 할당하여 실험연구를 실시하였다. 실험처치는 두 집단에게 서로 다른 유형의 평가를 실시하는 것으로, 실험집단은 개방형 문제를 평가과제로 하여 실험집단 담임 교사가 평가를 실시하였으며, 비교집단은 객관식 및 주관식 단답형 문제를 평가과제로 하여 비교집단 담임교사가 전통적인 평가를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 검사도구는 수학적 창의력 검사로 사전 사후검사 모두 같은 검사지를 사용하였다. 사후 수학적 창의력 검사의 평균의 차를 t-검정한 결과 유의도p=.025(p < .05)로 실험집단과 비교집단 사이에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 수학적 창의력의 각 요소별로 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 사후 창의력 검사의 각 요소별로 평균의 차를 t-검정한 결과, 유창성과 융통성은 각각 유의도 p=.030, p=.040으로 p < .05 수준에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있었으며, 독창성은 유의도 p=.052로 p < .1 수준에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 연구결과 개방형 문제를 활용한 평가가 전통적 평가보다 수학적 창의력 향상에 더 효과적이며, 수학적 창의력의 세 가지 요소(유창성, 융통성, 독창성)의 향상에도 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 개방형 문제를 활용한 평가가 수학적 창의력 신장에 효과적인 방법임을 시사한다.질공학적 특성의 위도별, 깊이별 변화는 탄산질 퇴적물과 규질 퇴적물의 분포, 수층의 생산성 및 수심변화에 따른 용해도와 퇴적을 차이 그리고 침식 및 재퇴적작용 등 퇴적 과정이 위도별로 달랐기 때문으로 판단된다.haetoceros resting spores/Chaetoceroe vegetative cells도 80 cm 보다 상층에서는 높게 나타나 규조온도지수 분포와도 일치하는 경향을 보인다. 이상의 규조군집 분석 결과에 의하면, 홀로세의 후빙기동안 본 연구 지역인 동해 북동부에는 대마 난류의 유입이후 현재와 유사한 환경이 우세하게 발달했으나, 난류종 P. doliolus의 변화는 동해내에서 대마난류의 세기가 반복되었음을 지시하고 있다./3 수준으로 높다. 결론적으로 풍부한 화학물질들을 함유한 제주해류는 남해 및 동해의 생지화학적 과정들에 있어 상당히 중요함을 시사한다.다. 수조 상층수 중 Cu, Cd, As 농도는 모든 FW, SW수조에서 시간이 지남에 따라 일관성 있게 감소하였고, 제거속도는 Cu가 다른 원소에 비해 빨랐다. 제거속도는 FW 3개 수조 중 FW5&6에서 세 원소 모두 가장 느렸고, SW 3개 수조 중에서는 SW1&2에서 가장 빨랐다. SW와 FW간 제거속도 차이는 세 원소 모두 명확치 않았다 Cr은 FW에서 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였지만 SW에서는 실험 초기에 감소하다 24시간 이후에는 증가 후 일정한 양상을 보였다. Pb은 FW에서 전반적으로 감소했지만 SW에서는 초기에 급격히 증가 후 다시 급격히 감소하는 양상을 보였다 Pb 또한 Cu, Cd, As와 마찬가지로 SW1&2에서 제거속도가 가장 빠르게 나타났다. FW 상층수 중 Hg는 시간에 따라 급격히 감소했고,

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.444-450
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• 2013

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterial strain designated FW-$6^T$ was isolated from a freshwater sample and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain FW-$6^T$ grew optimally at $10-42^{\circ}C$ and at pH 7.0 on nutrient and R2A agar. Strain FW-$6^T$ displayed ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity that was responsible for its ability to transform ginsenoside $Rb_1$ (one of the dominant active components of ginseng) to Rd. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain FW-$6^T$ was shown to belong to the family Sphingomonadaceae and was related to Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM $12444^T$ (98.1% sequence similarity) and N. subterraneum IFO $16086^T$ (98.0%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64.4%. The major menaquinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids were summed feature 7 (comprising $C_{18:1}{\omega}9c/{\omega}12t/{\omega}7c$), summed feature 4 (comprising $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}2OH$), $C_{16:0}$, and $C_{14:0}$ 2OH. DNA and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain FW-$6^T$ to the genus Novosphingobium. Strain FW-$6^T$ could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Novosphingobium. The isolate that has ginsenoside converting ability therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Novosphingobium ginsenosidimutans sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain FW-$6^T$ (= KACC $16615^T$ = JCM $18202^T$).

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.102-105
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• 2000

These studies were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplemental lincomycin at different food waste supplements on performance of broiler chicks. Diets were based corn, soybean meal and contained 3,100kcal/kg ME, 21% CP for the rest two weeks. Three levels of dietary lincomycin(LM; 0,2.2, 4.4mg/kg) and food waste(FW; 0, 7.5, 15%) were respectively inclusion in both experiments. In experiment 1, weight gain of birds fed 4.4mg/kg LM was significantly higher than no LM treatments(P<0.05). It tended to increase in 7.5% food waste treatment compared to that of control, but was not significantly different. FCR of chicks fed 2.2mg/kg LM supplement was significantly improved compared to that of other treatments Chicks fed food waste showed inferior FCR to control as dietary FW level increased(P<0.05). There was no significance in blood components among treatments. In experiment 2, weight gain of chicks fed 15% FW exhibited higher weight gain than that of other treatments. As FW supplement increased, the feed intake increased significantly(P<0.05) There was no significance in blood components except serum calcium. The results of these experiments indicated that hicks fed 4.4mg/kg LM supplements maximized growth rate of all treatments, and improved FCR in 2.2mg/kg LM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.613-623
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• 2022

This study developed a functional prototype jacket designed to reduce loads on the upper extremities of workers performing repetitive motions in the same posture for extended periods of time. Dynamic taping lines were applied to the upper extremities, and three dimensional (3D) supporters were inserted in the abdomen and back waist areas corresponding to the core muscles. Clothing pressure on the upper-extremity dynamic taping lines was set to two levels (proto P1 and proto P2), and the 3D supporters were designed in three types (proto FW, proto FW/BW, proto FW/BW/BBX). According to the subjective pressure perceived on each part of the upper extremities, the level proto P1 pressure was preferred. The proto FW/BW/BBX 3D supporter was rated as excellent, and the perceived pressure was ranked as satisfactory. The prototype jacket performed upper-extremity load reduction when the upper-extremity clothing-pressure level was set to 1.8 kPa, 2.1 kPa, and 2.4 kPa on the upper arm, forearm, and wrist regions, respectively, and when 3D supporters were installed in the abdomen and back of the waist with the addition of a back band.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.276-285
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: As watching food-related programs has become very popular among the young generation in Korea, this study sought to compare the Mukbang- and Cookbang-watching status of university students with their dietary life. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were 380 students who were not majoring in food and nutrition at a university in Gyeonggi, Korea. Based on self- reports, the participants were grouped according to their frequency of watching Mukbang or Cookbang: frequent-watching (FW) 21.1% and 5.3%, respectively; moderate-watching (MW) 43.9% and 27.9%, respectively; and not-watching (NW) 35.0% and 66.8% respectively. RESULTS: In the FW group, up to 88.8% and 70.0% of participants reported watching Mukbang and Cookbang, respectively, ≥ 3 days/week. Almost all participants in the FW and MW groups reported intention to keep watching these shows. The most frequent watching route was "YouTube" and the most important criterion to select a program was "food". In the case of Mukbang, but not Cookbang, the participants in the FW group scored their diet significantly worse than those in the NW group (P < 0.05). A greater proportion of participants felt that watching Cookbang improved their diets rather than worsened them (14.3% vs. 0.8%, respectively), while more participants said that watching Mukbang worsened their diets rather than improved them (8.1% vs. 2.4%, respectively). In both cases, greater differences were shown in the FW groups compared to the MW groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 for Cookbang and Mukbang, respectively). Moreover, the participants answered that Mukbang-watching prompted them to eat more of less desirable food, such as through eating out and purchasing convenient and delivered foods, whereas Cookbang-watching made them want to cook more of their own food. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that Korean university students who frequently watch Mukbang, but not Cookbang, may be a nutritionally vulnerable group that needs attention.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.285-294
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• 2000

In order to determine the horizontal and vertical distributions of metals and prospect the recent metal pollution history in Nakdong Estuary, we took surface and core sediments. Maximum value of organic matter occurs at the upstream site located 4 km from Nakdong barrage, and the concentration of trace metals (Zn, Cu, and Pb etc.) decrease seaward in the estuary. The sedimentation rates, based on $^{210}$Pb$_{ex}$ and $^{137}$Cs activities, were 0.34 cm/yr in inside of barrage (core 1) and 0.25 cm/yr in Changrim (core 4). Sediment mixing layer does not exist in core 1, where anoxic condition is known to be prevail. The topmost sediment layer of core 4 (<3.5 cm) is severely mixed. At sites 1 and 4, concentrations of Cu slowly increased during the period of 1920-1970, rapidly increased during 1970-1990, and followed by slight decrease after 1990. Zn contents increased in early 1960s and peaked in 1993, and followed by decrease after 1990s. Pb has increased continuously since early 1970s. At the downstream of the barrage, Cu and Zn have increased in the topmost layer. The trend of increase of Cu is evident after 1950 (11 cm in sediment depth). Overall trend of heavy metal concentration clearly indicates the pollution has been increasing after the construction of the barrage.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.322-331
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• 1992

In order to understand the transfer and behavior of R gene in water environments. the Kmr gene in the genetically modified microorganisms(GMMs) w,is studied by conjugation. The plasmid variously rearranged in the conjugants were comparatively analyzied by agarosc gel electrophoresis and the specific Km' genes in the gel were tletected with DNA probe. The Kmr genes of the GMM strains(DKC600 and DKC601) were transferred at higher rate than those of natural isola~e(DKI)b, ut the ratc was a little diflurent depending upon the recipient strains. Rearrangement of the plasmids appeared morc drastic in GMM strains than in IIKI as donor. The transfer frequencies of the Km' genes in LR broth were remarkably higher than in the water of AW and FW without regards to the strains. In LA breth. the frequencies of Kmr genes were higher at 25'C-30$^{\circ}$C than at 10$^{\circ}$C and at pH - 7 than pH 9, but temperature and pH of the FW did n,,t affect to the frequency. And the conjugants from GMM strains in FW did not showed any plasmids. except tor 43 kb plasmiil. As results of Southern analysis of the plasmid, variously rearranged in eonjugant cells obtained in LB broth, the Kmr genes were detected at the same position of Km' plasrnids of the donor cell(DK1 and GMM strains). But Km' plasmid disappeared in the conjugants obtained in F'W and their chronlosomes showed strong signal of hybridization. The Kmr plasmid of DKl in the conjugants obtained in FW water was transferred and maintained its size, but the Kmr plasinids of the GMM strains were all integrated into chromosome. Therefore, the Kmr plasmids of DKI anit GMM strains in LH were intactly transferred and other plasmitls were variously rearranged. but Km' gene of DKC600 in FW water was integrated into the chromosorn: without regards to the temperature and pH of the water.