• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2015

This study investigated heat generation characteristics of knitted and woven intelligent garments made of ZrC imbedded yarns through thermal manikin measurement. These emotional and intelligent thermal characteristics by thermal manikin measurement were analysed and compared with light/thermal radiation experimental results. Surface temperature of ZrC imbedded woven and knitted fabrics by light/thermal radiation measurement was $4^{\circ}C$ and $2^{\circ}C$ higher than that of regular PET control fabrics, respectively. Clo value as heat generation characteristics of ZrC imbedded woven and knitted garments with light exposure was 0.14 and 0.08 higher than that of regular PET control garments, respectively. These results were attributed to the far-infrared thermal radiation from ZrC imbedded in the core part of the intelligent bi-component filament, which was verified by far-infrared emissive power ranged between $6{\mu}m$ and $20{\mu}m$ through FT-IR experiment and by inclusion of Zr through EDS ingredient analysis. However, compressibility of ZrC imbedded woven fabric was lower than that of regular PET one, and bending rigidity was higher than that of regular one, which resulted in a little stiff tactile hand property of ZrC imbedded fabric. We found that ZrC imbedded intelligent woven and knitted fabrics were applicable to the intelligent garment as a heat generation textile material by thermal manikin measurement.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1999

Silk fibroin dissolved in highly concentrated calcium chloride and ethanol mixture aqueous solution turned into gel under suitable conditions. Preparation conditions and properties of gel were investigated as a function of parameters such as pH of solution, fibroin concentration, glycerol concentration and molecular weight. When pH of silk fibroin aqueous solution was near the isoelectronic point(pH 3.9~4.0), gelation occurred rapidly and strength of gel was stonger than that of pH-unadjusted due to electrostatic repulsion decrease between silk fibroin macromolecules. As concentration of silk fibroin and glycerol was higher, gelation occurred more rapid. FT Infra-red spectra of freeze-dried fibroin gel showed that gelation was derived by intermolecular anti-parallel ${\beta}$-sheet structure formation. In addition to, it was found that white-precipitate occurred instead of gelation when aqueous silk fibroin was treated by enzyme(flavouzyme), however, after flavouzyme-treated silk fibroin aqueous solution was centrifugated gelation occurred instantly. The results of differential scanning thermal analysis and infra-red spectroscopy showed that thermal stability and crystallinity of enzyme-hydrolyzed fibroin are superior to those of unhydrolyzed fibroin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.296-296
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• 2014

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the splitting of surface plasmon (SP) resonance peaks under TE- and TM-polarized illumination. The SP structure at infrared wavelength is fabricated with a 2-dimensional square periodic array of circular holes penetrating through Au (gold) film. In brief, the processing steps to fabricate the SP structure are as follows. (i) A standard optical lithography was performed to produce to a periodic array of photoresist (PR) circular cylinders. (ii) After the PR pattern, e-beam evaporation was used to deposit a 50-nm thick layer of Au. (iii) A lift-off processing with acetone to remove the PR layer, leading to final structure (pitch, $p=2.2{\mu}m$; aperture size, $d=1.1{\mu}m$) as shown in Fig. 1(a). The transmission is measured using a Nicolet Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at the incident angle from $0^{\circ}$ to $36^{\circ}$ with a step of $4^{\circ}$ both in TE and TM polarization. Measured first and second order SP resonances at interface between Au and GaAs exhibit the splitting into two branches under TM-polarized light as shown in Fig. 1(b). However, as the incidence angle under TE polarization is increased, the $1^{st}$ order SP resonance peak blue-shifts slightly while the splitting of $2^{nd}$ order SP resonance peak tends to be larger (not shown here). For the purpose of understanding our experimental results qualitatively, SP resonance peak wavelengths can be calculated from momentum matching condition (black circle depicted in Fig. 2(b)), $k_{sp}=k_{\parallel}{\pm}iG_x{\pm}jG_y$, where $k_{sp}$ is the SP wavevector, $k_{\parallel}$ is the in-plane component of incident light wavevector, i and j are SP coupling order, and G is the grating momentum wavevector. Moreover, for better understanding we performed 3D full field electromagnetic simulations of SP structure using a finite integration technique (CST Microwave Studio). Fig. 1(b) shows an excellent agreement between the experimental, calculated and CST-simulated splitting of SP resonance peaks with various incidence angles under TM-polarized illumination (TE results are not shown here). The simulated z-component electric field (Ez) distribution at incident angle, $4^{\circ}$ and $16^{\circ}$ under TM polarization and at the corresponding SP resonance wavelength is shown in Fig. 1(c). The analysis and comparison of theoretical results with experiment indicates a good agreement of the splitting behavior of the surface plasmon resonance modes at oblique incidence both in TE and TM polarization.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 2009

The exo-polysaccharide producing microorganism, Aureobasidium pullulans IMS-822, was isolated and identified from soil. The viscosity-average molecular weight of exo-polysaccharide was calculated as $8.9{\times}10^5$ by Mark-Houwink equation. The sugar component of exo-polysaccharide was determined as glucose by HPLC analysis. The IR spectra indicated that the exo-polysaccharide has an absorption peak at 890 $cm^{-1}$ for the ${\beta}-configuration$ of D-glucan. The $^{13}C$ NMR signal at ${\delta}$ 86.62 ppm arose from the substituted C-3 of glucose. The signal at ${\delta}$ 72.11 ppm was assigned to C-6 of branched ${\beta}-(1{\to}3)-D-glucosyl$ residues. Viscosity and Congo red reaction indicated that {\beta}-(1{\to}3)(1{\to}6)-glucan$ produced by A. pullulans IMS-822 has a highly ordered hydrogen-bond dependent conformation in aqueous solution, which collapses in strong alkaline solution.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-100
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• 2010

This paper measures the impacts of the Korea-China Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on the emissions of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) in Korean export industries. The Korean industrial exports were forecasted by employing Bayesian Kalman Filter Vector Auto-Regression (BVAR) model. The emissions of $CO_2$ were then estimated by applying the $CO_2$ emission coeffcients on the conditionally forecasted values of export by industries. Under the conditional scenario of the 50% reduction in current tariff rate through FTA between Korea and China, the total $CO_2$ emissions in Korea were expected to increase by 1.96% compared to the BAU (Non FT A) trend at the end of 2010. Another conditional scenario with no tariff after 2012 was also adopted. In this case, the total $CO_2$ emlssions were estimated to increase by 2.06% compared to the BAU up until the end of 2014. These facts imply that the FTA between Korea and China would not result in the significant increase of $CO_2$ emissions in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.642-652
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• 2014

The synthesis of octenyl succinyl ${\beta}$-gucan (OSA-${\beta}$-glucan) was carried out and its interfacial properties at the oil-water interface and in emulsion systems were investigated. An aqueous ethanol system as a reaction media was used to facilitate the synthesis process; 10% (w/w) ethanol found to be the best as it showed a maximum degree of substitution (DS: 0.0132). FT-IR showed a characteristic absorption spectrum at $1736cm^{-1}$, indicating the esterification of octenyl succinyl groups to ${\beta}$-glucan backbone. As for interfacial tension measurements, it was decreased with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan in the aqueous phase and when NaCl was added to aqueous OSA-${\beta}$-glucan solution in the range of 0.01 M to 0.1 M and also when pH was raised (pH 3 ~ pH 9). In systems of emulsion stabilized with OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, fat globule size found to decrease with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, showing a critical value of about $0.32{\mu}m$ at 0.5 wt%. When the OSA-${\beta}$-glucan emulsions were stored, it was found that fat globule size was increased with storage time and particularly pronounced increase was observed in emulsion with 1% OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, possibly due to depletion flocculation. Results of creaming stability evaluated by light scattering technique showed that it was more stable in emulsions containing smaller fat globule size. Surface load of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan in emulsions increased with increasing concentration of OSA-${\beta}$-glucan, suggesting a multilayer adsorption.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.339-348
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• 2003

Determination of some PAHs in used engine oils have been carried out by extraction of the components into acetonitrile followed by GC/FID and synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. 7 PAHs, such as acenaphthene (Ace), anthracene (Anth), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), chrysene (Chry), phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthene (Ft), and perlyrene (Per) in used engine oil sample were able to determine separately by synchronous spectrofluorimetry. Calibration curves for those components were linear for the concentration range of 0.4~166 ppb PAHs with the corelation factor of 0.9985~0.9999. The peak areas produced by GC/FID split ratio program were used for the calibration curves of the other 8 PAHs. Detection sensitivity of the synchronous spectrofluorimetry seems to be 100 times more sensitive than GC/FID method. The total amount of PAHs in the used engine oil were 5.5 ng/g for LNG (bus), 10.5 ng/g for LPG(taxi), 92.2 ng/g for gasoline-passenger car, and 130 ng/g for diesel trailer, respectively.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.501-510
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the degradation of adhesives when exposed to ultraviolet light irradiation using samples of lacquer (L), treated lacquer (TL), lacquer mixed with glue (LG), and urushiol mixed with glue (UG). Four types of film specimens were collected under the ultraviolet exposure time, and gloss test, tensile shear strength test, scanning electron microscope analysis, and infrared spectroscopic analysis were conducted for the specimens. LG and UG showed lowering rate of gloss is somewhat later than L. Also, it was observed that with increasing exposure time to ultraviolet irradiation, the surface of L began to show spherical pits and cracks when the polysaccharide layers started to be exposed, whereas the surfaces of LG and UG remained smooth. The Infrared spectra of L and TL showed that the intensity of the overall peak decreased with increasing ultraviolet irradiation time. There was no change in the peak intensity of LG, but for UG, the peaks at $3013cm^{-1}$, $1593cm^{-1}$ and so on disappeared and the overall intensity declined. The tensile shear strength of LG and UG was maintained or increased as compared to the initial test, whereas the tensile shear strength of L decreased sharply after 600 h. LG and UG exhibited fewer changes as a result of high temperature and humidity conditions, and they retained their strength under UV exposure. These results indicate that LG and UG are more durable than L when subjected to environmental change.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.606-616
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• 2021

From the collection of the National Kimhae Museum, qualitative analyses using microscopic observation, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy, and GC-MS were conducted on three burnished red potteries-Jeoksaekmaoyeonwa burnished red pottery (Neolithic age red pottery), Dandomaoyeonwan burnished red pottery(Bronze age red pottery) and Jeoksaekmaoyeongajimun burnished red pottery(Bronze age red pottery)-to investigate the components of the red pigments and the binder. After the layers of the primer were separated from the red surface, crystals of red pigment particles and minerals were found on the red surface. Through SEM-EDS, Raman estimates that the red pigment is Among soil pigments with iron oxide(Fe₂O₃) as the main color development source, Red Ocher(Fe₂O₃). A band characteristic of the Urushiol polymer was detected in the FTIR-ATRspectra(4000~600cm^-1), GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the benzenemethanol-2-prophenyl, 4-heptylphenol, 1-tetracecanol, heptafluorobutyric texidecane, all of which are the ingredients of the directional structure of the lacquer present in the red layer. Therefore, it seemed that the three burnished red pottery: Jeoksaekmaoyeonwan pottery(Neolithic age burnished red pottery), Dandomaoyeonwan pottery(bronze age burnished red pottery) and the Jeoksaekmaoyeongajimun pottery(bronze age burnished red pottery) made by mixing minerals and Red Ocher(Fe₂O₃), with lacquer.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2021

Surface modification of recycled plastic film-based aggregates is demonstrated to enhance the interaction between aggregates and cement paste. It is shown that the oxygen(O₂) atmospheric pressure plasma(APP) treatment leads to a drastic increase in hydrophilicity. In case of the plasma treatment at 100W of RF power, 15/4sccm of O₂/Ar flow rate and 30sec of discharging time, the water contact angle on the aggregates surface decreased from 104.5° to 44.0°. In addition, the contact angle of surface modified aggregates kept in air increased with time elapse. Improvement of hydrophilicity can be explained by the formation of new hydrophilic oxygen functional groups which is identified as C-OH, C-O-C, C=O, -COOH by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR). Therefore, it can be concluded that the plasma treatment process is an effective method to improve adhesion of the recycled plastic film-based aggregates and cement paste.