• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2013

Since its development in the United Kingdom, the stapler has been used extensively to bind books. Staples comprising almost entirely of iron, first made in the early 1900s, are used to staple the cores of books. These staples change the colour of paper to brown and this browned paper ultimately crumbles. Basic research is being performed on solutions to prevent the deterioration in the quality of paper in the area around the staples. In this study, the cause of this browning of paper in the area was investigated. SEM-EDS, optical microscopy and FT-IR were used to analyze a browned area of three paper samples. It was found that the browned area had shortened fibres. In addition, iron was detected in this area. The corrosion of this iron led to this area of the paper being partially covered by iron(III) oxide, the product of the corrosion, as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.116-124
• /
• 2001

To improve the functional properties as a food, silk fibroin was phosphorylated with STMP In the phosphorylation reaction of silk fibroin, the degree of phosphorylation was increased with high alkali index and treatment temperature. Depending on treatment time and concentration of STMP it was rapidly increased up to 1hr. and 50%, but slowly above that time and 100%. It was indicated in the results of FT-IR analysis and $\^$31/p NMR spectroscopy of phosphorylated fibroin that it had a close ∝-helix and poly-phosphate structure. The more phosphorylation of fibroin made more turbidity, foam expansion and foam stability, but less solubility. Emulsifying activity was increased up to P100, but slightly decreased above Pl00 and emulsifying stability was constantly increased on the progressing of phosphorylation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.67-81
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to conduct tree-ring dating and analysis of the materials used for the wooden coffins excavated from the ruins of Sipjeong-dong, Incheon. The tree species for the 10 wooden coffin materials was identified as pine. For accurate tree-ring measurement, the cross section was polished using sandpaper. The annual ring width was measured with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Since the five materials were consistent with each other in dendrochronology, a representative annual ring chronology of 83 years was prepared. The prepared representative annual ring chronology was compared with the standard annual ring chronology, and the outermost ring of the wooden coffin was confirmed to correspond to the year 1575, suggesting that the wooden coffin was produced in the late 16th century. In addition, microscopic observation and FT-IR analysis revealed that the fibers attached to the surface of the wooden coffin were fibroin (Silk), and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Py-GC/MS analysis showed that the paint left on the surface of the wooden coffin was lacquer.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.351-353
• /
• 2009

Pyrylium fluoroborates undergo a wide range of synthetically useful reactions because of the positive charge. And the electron accepting nature has resulted in their widespread use as sensitizers for photo-induced electron transfer (PET) reactions. In this experiment, 2,6-disubstituted pyrylium fluoroborates are synthesized from the reaction between $3^{\prime}$-chloroacetophenone and excess orthoformate in an acidic medium (acetic anhydride/acid). Synthesized products are confirmed by $^1H-NMR$, FT-IR and TOF Mass spectroscopies. Also, photo-properties are analyzed with an UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.229.1-229.1
• /
• 2010

We investigated the effect of chemical acid treatments on hydrogen storage behaviors of the ordered mesoporous carbons (MCs). The surface functional groups and specific elements of the MCs were characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Also, the changes in the surface functional groups of the MCs were quantitatively detected by Boehm's titration method. The structural properties of the MCs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The hydrogen adsorption capacity of the MCs was evaluated by means of adsorption isotherms at 77 K/1 bar. The formation of surface functional groups by the acidic treatments could influence on the hydrogen storage capacity of the MCs.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.5 no.2 s.6
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 1996

Silk fibers excavated at Fujinoki mounted tomb, Shimoikeyana mounted tomb and Kuriyama site were examined using FT-IR microscope and two peaks called amide I and II present in modern silk fibers were compared with those of excavated fibers. It was found that amide ground in a polymer molecule decreased with the progress of degradation and peak intensity of amide group in infrared spectrum decreased correspondingly. The advantages of FT-IR microscopy for the analysis of organic remains in archaeological view point were evaluated and it was concluded that the systematic investigation of spectral change due to the degradation of respective material is essential.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.860-863
• /
• 2005

The microcapsules containing fragrant oil as functional material were prepared by in-situ polymerization with prepolymer that was made from melamine-formaldehyde (MF) as wall material of microcapsules. The effects of polymerization variables, such as the nature and concentration of surfactants, stirring rate, and stirring time, on the size and distribution of the particles were investigated. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal analysis, particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation were used to investigate the characteristics of microcapsules. Through the FT-IR and SEM analysis, we found that the prepared microcapsules were containing fragrant oil and the shape of particle was spherical. The nature and concentration of surfactants, stirring rate, and stirring time had profound effects on the particle size and particle size distribution.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2008

To understand the complex hydrogen bonding structure, several phenolic derivatives and benzoxazine model compounds are synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The estimation of molar extinction coefficients for various types of hydrogen bonding species is systematically carried out by the curve-resolving of FT-IR spectra. The distribution of hydrogen bonding species in benzoxazine model dimers is quantitatively analyzed. It is revealed that benzoxazine dimers and BA-a polybenzoxazine are mainly composed of intramolecular interaction rather than intermolecular interaction.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.193-199
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know of photopolymerization effect of self-etch dual-cured resin cement on different transmittance and thickness of zirconia disks. Methods: The two types of transparent and opaque zirconia speciments were prepared. The five speciments of each groups were seperated with 0.5mm and 1.0mm thickness. Degree of conversion(DC) were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy using ATR method before and after irradidaion for 40 sec. Results: The relative DC was showed the higher results of ZS5 as compared with ZS10 (p < 0.05). And OP5 and OP10 were lower results than ZS10 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The photopolymerization effect of dual-cured resin cement were affected by the transmittance and thickness of zirconia.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.1114-1118
• /
• 2008

In previous fire accident of railway car, the fatality was relatively high by toxic gas poisoning cause of closed space. So the necessity of quantifying toxic gas in combustion gas was recognized and then, FT-IR spectroscopy was introduced for real-time analysis of mixed gases and stimulated analysis of the concentration of several gases. Thus, in this study, absorption bands using FT-IR were obtained by each component of combustion gases for interior materials of railway car such as flooring materials and moquette seat. And then the sample spectra were compared with the spectra of NO, $NO_2$, $SO_2$ reference gases, we could obtain some identical peaks of them.