• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the effects of progestagen (Synchromate-B, Veramix, CIDR) and hormone (PMSG, FSH, hCG) treatments on superovulation and estrous synchronization in Korean native goats. Goats were initially superovulated by using progestagens (Synchromate-B, Veramix, CIDR) and hormones (FSH, PMSG, hCG). The progestagens were removed after 15 days of insertion and 0.88 mg of FSH was injected intramuscularly twice a day from day 12 to day 15. In addition, 150 IU of PMSG and 200 IU hCG were injected intramuscularly in the morning of day 12 and in the afternoon of day 15, respectively. Estrous synchronization was induced by the progestagen releasing devices for 13 days and intramuscular injection of 400 IU PMSG in the morning of day 11. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The responses of superovulation treated with three types (Synchromate-B, Veramix, CIDR) of progestagen were 98.6, 99.4 and 98.8%, respectively. The average ovulation rates with Synchromate-B, Veramix and CIDR were 12.58 $\pm$ 6.52, 12.91 $\pm$ 7.27 and 11.28 $\pm$ 6.33, respectively. The average ovulation rates of Synchromate-B and Veramix treatments were significantly higher than that of the CIDR treatment (P<0.05). 2. The responses of estrus synchronization treated with Synchromate-B, Veramix and CIDR were 52.9, 72.9 and 75.7%, respectively. Veramix and CIDR treatments on estrous synchronization were significantly higher than the Synchromate-B treatment (P<0.05). Among the estrous synchronized goats, the estrous ovulation rates with Synchromate-B, Veramix and CIDR were 2.11 $\pm$ 1.89, 1.35 $\pm$ 0.87 and 1.43 $\pm$ 0.96, respectively. The estrous ovulation rates of the Synchromate-B treatment were significantly higher than those of the other treatments (P<0.05). 3. The average superovulation rates were 11.76 $\pm$ 6.00 and 11.07 $\pm$ 6.46 for the PMSG treatment and control groups, showing that there was no PMSG effects for the superovulation treated with CIDR.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of unilateral and bilateral ovariectomy in immature rats on the weight of body, ovary, uterus and adrenal gland and the change of serum FSH and LH level. Ninty Sprague-Dawley female rats, 23${\pm}$2 days old, were divided into 3 groups with 30 heads per group; control, unilaterally and bilaterally ovariectomized group. Each group was subdivided into 6 groups according to 6 experimental periods; day 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 after operation. Five rats at every 4 days intervals were measured their body weights and sacrificed for the measurement of their ovarian, uterine and adrenal weights and at the same time blood samples were taken for the determination of serum FSH and LH level by radioimmunoassay. The following results were obtained: 1. Body weights in the unilaterally and bilaterally ovariectomized goups were higher than those of control groups during all experimental periods, even though there were no significant differences among the above 3 groups. 2. A significant hypertrophy of the remained ovary in the unilaterally ovariecto mized group was observed from day 16 till day 24 after operation. The ovarian weight; 22.1${\pm}$1.73mg, at day 16 in control group was smaller than the unilaterally ovariectomized group weighing 50.5${\pm}$8.45mg (p<0.01) and the ovarian weights, 75.9${\pm}$2.25mg and 63.3${\pm}$7.08mg ; at day 20 and 24 in unilaterally ovariectomized group were significantly larger than 29.1${\pm}$2.33mg and 26.3${\pm}$1.76mg in control group, respectively (p<0.01 and p<0.05). 3. The uterus of bilaterally ovariectomized group were remarkably atrophied from day 8 after operation as compared with those of control and unilaterally ovariectomized group. The uterine weight at day 24 was 96.7${\pm}$9.15mg for control group, 139.4${\pm}$1.73mg for unilaterally ovariectomized group and 21.7${\pm}$1.08mg for bilaterally ovariectomized group, respectively and there were significant differences among 3 groups (p<0.01). 4. A statistically significant increase ofthe weight of adrenal gland was observed at day 16 in the unilaterally ovariectomized group with 24.4${\pm}$2.58mg against 15.5${\pm}$3.09mg in control group and 13.9${\pm}$1.38mg in bilaterally ovariectomized group (p<0.05). The adrenal gland weight in unilaterally ovariectomized group with 24.7${\pm}$1.63mg at day 20 and 31.2${\pm}$1.62mg at day 24 increased significantly as compared with bilaterally ovariectomized group with 15.1${\pm}$13.11mg at day 20 and 15.6${\pm}$1.76mg at day 24. 5. Serum FSH level of unilaterally ovariectomized group increased remarkably up to 2.97${\pm}$0.37mIU/ml at day 4 after operaton and then decreased gradually. Serum FSH level of bilaterally ovariectomized group were higher than those of control group throughout all experimental periods. 6. Serum LH level ofunitelarally ovariectomized group with 3.17${\pm}$0.32mIU/iml at day 4 and 3.57${\pm}$0.58mIU/ml at day 24 increased noticeably more than those of control group with 1.79${\pm}$0.16 mIU/ml at day 4 and 2.17${\pm}$0.27mIU/ml at day 24 (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 1996

Objects : There has been the controversy that menopause may or may not influence the psychological distresses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the hormonal status and traits of depression & anxiety in menopausal women. Method : Among the women attending menopausal clinic. menopausal women, defined as who having a amenorrhea for more than 12 months, were selected as a study group(n=83). The control group(n=73), who visited to screen the cervix cancer with regular menstruation, hod no history of hormone replacement therapy. Individual data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires. Depression state was evaluated by Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and anxiety state by Stale Trail Anxiety Inventory(STAI), and the female hormones such as E2, FSH, and LH were obtained by blood sampling at visting clinic. Statistically the data were processed by t-test and pearson correlation analysis(p<0.05). Results : 1) The mean age of menopausal was 45.3 years. 2) In menopausal women the scores of BDI & STAI were significantly higher than in control group(p<0.05). 3) There were significant differences between menopausal and control group by E2 & FSH. 4) There was no correlation between female hormonal status and the STAI & BDI scores in both groups. Conclusion : Although menopausal women had more traits of depression & anxiety than control group, it was difficult to insist that the lack of estrogen was the only etiological factor for the traits of depression & anxiety in menopausal period. In further studies, we must consider another factors, including biological, sociocultural, psychological factor, as the cause of psychological symptoms during menopausal period.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.222-227
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• 2011

Objective: To evaluate the ability of serum anti-M$\ddot{u}$llerian hormone (AMH), FSH, and age to clinically predict ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in IVF patients with endometriosis. Methods: We evaluated 91 COH cycles, including 43 cycles with endometriosis (group I) and 48 cycles with male factor infertility (group II) from January to December, 2010. Patients were classified into study groups based on their surgical history of endometriosis-group Ia (without surgical history, n=16), group Ib (with a surgical history, n=27). Results: The mean age was not significantly different between group I and group II. However, AMH and FSH were significantly different between group I and group II ($1.9{\pm}1.9$ ng/mL vs. $4.1{\pm}2.9$ ng/mL, $p$ <0.01; $13.1{\pm}7.2$ mIU/mL vs. $8.6{\pm}3.3$ mIU/mL, $p$ <0.01). Furthermore, the number of retrieved oocytes and the number of matured oocytes were significantly lower in group I than in group II. In group II, AMH and FSH as well as age were significant predictors of retrieved oocytes on univariate analysis. Only the serum AMH level was a significant predictor of poor ovarian response in women with endometriosis. Conclusion: Serum AMH may be a better predictor of the ovarian response of COH in patients with endometriosis than basal FSH or age. AMH level can be considered a useful clinical predictor of poor ovarian response in endometriosis patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1990

19-nortestosterone(NORA)와 19-norandrostenedione(NT)는 정소내 aromatization과정중 중간 대사물로 검출된다. 본 연구는 이들을 장기간 투여하여 정소 및 부속기관의 무게, 혈청내 testosterone(T)의 농도, 정자형성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. NORA, NT 및 TE를 $300/50{\mu}l$농도로 주당 3회씩 12주간 정소에 직접 주사(intratesticular injection, i.t.)하였다. 또한 GnRH antagonist(RS68439)를 처리하여 혈청내 생식소자극호르몬 (GTH)을 감소시킨후 위 호르몬들을 동일방법으로 처리하여 이들의 보상작용을 조사하였다. NORA는 정소무게를 감소시키지 않았으나 GnRH antagonist를 처리하여 감소된 정소무게를 현저하게 보상하였다(P<0.05). NORA, NT, TE는 모두 부속기관의 무게를 증가시켰으며, RS68439가 감소시킨 부속기관의 무게를 현저히 증가시켰다. 그러나 이들은 부정소(epididymis)에는 영향을 주지않았으며 RS68439처리군에서는 보상작용을 나타내었다. 이들의 처리로 혈청내 LH농도는 완전히 감소하였으나 FSH의 농도에는 영향을 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 혈청내 T의 농도를 증가시켰다. NORA는 정자형성과정중 7단계의 spermatid의 수를 현저히 감소시켰다. 위 결과로 보아 NORA는 GnRH antagonist로 FSH의 분비가 억제된 쥐의 FSH분비를 촉진하며, T의 농도를 증가시켜 정자형성과정을 억제하는 것으로 추론된다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of gonadotropins added during maturation of porcine oocytes on the in vitro maturation(IVM), in vitro fertilization(IVF) and developmental potential of embryos. The follicular oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 medium containing different combination of gonadotropins(5$\mu$g /ml FSR or 1OIU /ml PMSG and 1O$\mu$g /ml LH or 1OIU /ml hCG), 10% FCS and 10% PFF for 36~48h in a incubator with 5% $CO_2$ in Air at 39$^{\circ}C$ and then matured oocytes were again cultured to 120h after IVF for 6~7h with heparin(100$\mu$g /m')-treated sperm. When the oocytes were matured for 42brs in the medium containing FSH+LH, FSH+hCG, PMSG+LH or PMSG+hCG, the JVF rate of each treatment was 50.0%, 52.9%, 66.7% and 70.0%, respectively. The highest CEI (cumulus cell expansion index) was obtained from PMSG+hCG-added medium and the highest polyspermic penetration resulted from FSH+LH-added medium. The cleavage of IVF oocytes derived from hormone added IVM was significantly(P<0.05) promoted by PMSG+hCG and the cleavage rate after 36-h, 42-h and 48-h maturation aws 53.0%, 56.7% and 45.6%, respectively. The highest developmental potential resulted from the oocytes derived from PMSG+LH -added IVM.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2008

Objective: To evaluate predictor of IVF outcomes following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve. Methods: A retrospective review was performed in 919 IVF cycles with elevated basal serum FSH (${\geq}12\;mIU/mL$), the number of retrieved oocytes ${\geq}4$ and serum $E_2$ concentration on hCG day <500 pg/ml between Jan. 1996 and Dec. 2006. Two hundred thirty five IVF cycles following single embryo transfer were included. Pregnancy rates and live birth rates was evaluated according to maternal age, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, basal FSH level, the number of blastomere on day 3 ET, stimulation protocol, the number of cycles of ET. Statistical analysis was used SPSS 12.0 program. Results: OPU cancellation rates were 25.6% (235 cycles), OPU failure rates were 18.5% (170 cycles), embryo transfer cancellation rates were 14.0% (129 cycles). Pregnancy rates following single embryo transfer was 8.1% (19 cycles) and live birth rates was 4.7% (11 cycles). Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of women under 35 years old was statistically higher than those of women above 35 years old (20% vs. 3.5% (p<0.0001), 12.3% vs. 1.8%, (p=0.002)). There was no difference in basal FSH, serum $E_2$ on hCG day, and the number of blastomere on ET, and stimulation protocol. Cumulative pregnancy rates according to the number of cycles of ET were $1^{st}$ 8.1%, $2^{nd}$ 9.2%, $3^{rd}$ 9.7%, $4^{th}$ 9.0%, and $5^{th}$ 9.5%. Conclusion: Pregnancy rates and live birth rates of IVF-ET cycles following single embryo transfer in patients with decreased ovarian reserve are statistically increased in women under 35 yrs old. There is no difference in cumulative pregnancy rates. These data may be helpful for counseling women with decreased ovarian reserve in attempting IVF with their own eggs or when choosing donor oocytes.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.251-271
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• 2001

In order to investigate the effect of the oral administration of Guirokyisun-Hwan on the estrogen-deficiency osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in the rats, serum osteocalcin, estradiol, progesterone, follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) levels were monitored. And body weight changes were also monitored throughout whole experimental periods. The results were as follows : 1. Body weight of Control and Treatment group was significantly increased from 6 weeks after ovariectomy but after 2 days of drug administration, body weight of Treatment group were significantly (p<0.01 or 0.05) decreased compared with those of Control group. 2. Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in control groups compared with those of Sham group but significantly (p<0.01) decreased in the Treatment group. 3. Serum estradiol levels were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in control groups compared with those of Sham group but significantly (p<0.01) increased in the Treatment group. 4. Serum progesterone levels were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in control groups compared with those of Sham group but significantly (p<0.01) decreased in the Treatment groups. 5. Serum FSH levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in control groups compared with those of Sham group but significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the Treatment group. 6. Serum Ca levels were significantly (p<0.01) decreased in control groups compared with those of Sham group but significantly (p<0.01) increased in the Treatment group. 7. Serum P levels were significantly (p<0.01) increased in control groups compared with those of Sham group and Treatment group. No significant was detected between Control group and Treatment group. According to these results, it is considered that the oral administration of Guirokyisun-Hwan have favorable effect on treatment and prevention of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.211-215
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• 2018

The following experiments were designed to examine the effect of serum of spayed dogs on superovulation response in mice and rats. In Experiment 1, female mice at diestrus (n=30) were divided into three equal groups and superovulated with either administration of 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) or recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) (reducing dose from 2.5 to 0.5 IU) and 5 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered 48h later. Serum of spayed dogs was administered intraperitoneally at a reduced dose from 0.1 to 0.025 mL in a 48 h period. In Experiment 2, female rats (n=30) at diestrus stage were divided into three equal groups. Superovulation was induced using either 30 IU PMSG, or a dose reduced from 5 to 1 IU rFSH and 25 IU hCG administered 48h later. Serum of spayed dogs was administered in a reduced dose from 0.6 to 0.1 mL in a 48 hour period. Female mice and rats were mated 24 h following hCG administration. On day 14 after mating, animals were euthanized and ovarian sections were fixed for histopathological evaluation and corpus luteum (CL) counting. No significant difference observed in mean (${\pm}SEM$) number of CLs between the PMSG group and the mice that received serum of spayed dog ($10.4{\pm}1.3$ vs $9.2{\pm}1.0$). Mean (${\pm}SEM$) number of CLs tended to be lower in rats that received serum of spayed dog than those of rats which received either PMSG or rFSH ($15.1{\pm}1.9$ vs $23.6{\pm}3.1$ and $23.1{\pm}2.9$, P=0.06, respectively). In conclusion, serum of spayed dogs is able to induce a superovulatory response in mice and rats.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2003

Objective : This study is to examine the interrelationship between Infertility with hypothalamic-pituitary gland disorders and Face temperature by D.I.T.I. Methods : Sample group is the 50 women who were diagnosed as P.C.O.S. or FSH,LH trouble or hyper-prolactinemia or anovulation or oligo-ovulation. Control group is the 50 women who have not P.C.O.S. & FSH.LH trouble & hyper-prolactinemia & anovulation or oligo-ovulation, who have normal menstural cycle and success in pregnancy after treatment. Both group came at Conmaul Oriental Hospital Infertility Center, Seoul, Korea, from May, 2001 to Jan., 2003. They selected at random. We checked temperature of ${\ulcorner}S17{\lrcorner}\;{\ulcorner}SI18{\lrcorner}\;{\ulcorner}TE17{\lrcorner}\;{\ulcorner}HN-3{\lrcorner}$ and gained differences of Rt. check point and Lt. check point, and then compared mean ${\Delta}T$ of sample group with that of control group. Conclusion : We gained results that mean ${\Delta}T$ of sample group is larger than that of control group at all check points. (p=0.000)