• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.39 no.5 s.262
• /
• pp.394-398
• /
• 2006

Background: Goal of the initial treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax is re-expansion of the lung by evacuation of air from pleural space. Authors thought small caliber catheter could reach to this goal instead of conventional large bore chest tube. This retrospective study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of 7-French (Fr) catheter for the initial treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: Between May 2003 and April 2005, 111 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were managed with tube drainage; 7 Fr catheter for 86 patients and 24-French chest tube for 25 patients. We analyzed catheter indwelling time, use of analgesics, re-expansion of the lung, and catheter related problems by medical records. Result: Mean catheter indwelling time was $2.4{\pm}1.1$ days in 7 Fr group and $2.3{\pm}1.3$ days in chest tube group (p>0.05). All patients with 24 Fr catheter needed analgesics injection but never in 7Fr group. Complete re-expansion of the lung based on plane chest radiograph was obtained in 77% of 7 Fr group. The problem related with 7 Fr catheter was kinking, which showed in 5.6%. Conclusion: Application of the 7 Fr catheter for initial management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax was as effective as 24 Fr catheter.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2018

As face recognition (FR) has been well studied over the past decades, FR technology has been applied to many real-world applications such as surveillance and biometric systems. However, in the real-world scenarios, FR performances have been known to be significantly degraded owing to variations in face images, such as the pose, illumination, and low-resolution. Recently, visual intelligence technology has been rapidly growing owing to advances in deep learning, which has also improved the FR performance. Furthermore, the FR performance based on deep learning has been reported to surpass the performance level of human perception. In this article, we discuss deep-learning based high-performance FR technologies in terms of representative deep-learning based FR architectures and recent FR algorithms robust to face image variations (i.e., pose-robust FR, illumination-robust FR, and video FR). In addition, we investigate big face image datasets widely adopted for performance evaluations of the most recent deep-learning based FR algorithms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.560-567
• /
• 2005

Three groups of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) (designated as Fr-I, Fr-II, and Fr-III) were isolated from the culture filtrates of Paecilomyces sinclairii by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. Their molecular characteristics were examined by multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) connected online to a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and refractive index (RI) detector system. The weight-average molar mass of Fr-I, Fr-II, and Fr-III of EPSs were determined to be $1.540{\times}10^6,\;6.302{\times}10^4$, and $9.389{\times}10^4\;g/mol$, respectively. All three EPSs showed a fairly low polydispersity indice, ranging from 1.008 to 1.059 (nearly mono disperse behavior), and showed different carbohydrates and amino acids compositions; all fractions of EPSs consisted of mainly cystine, valine, and arginine in the protein moiety, and mainly ribose, galactose, and glucose in the carbohydrate moiety. The determination of gyration radii of the EPSs in SEC/MALLS analysis revealed the molecular shape of the Fr-I to be a rod-like structure, whereas the Fr-II and Fr-III had a random-coil structure in an aqueous solution.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.193-196
• /
• 2002

Five species of the genus Xylaria are recognized on Malaysia materials: X. hypoxylon(L. FR.) Grev, X. allantoidea(Berk.) Fr., X. cubensis(Mont.) Fr., X. curta Fr. and X. grammica(Mont.) Fr.. The collection of Xylaria allantoidea from Malaysia is compared to the collection from Taiwan in morphological characters. The species are described their the host and cultural characteristics by a bright microscope and a scanning electron microscope.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2006

This study investigated the physiological activities of different molecular weight (MW) fractions of crude polysaccharide from $D\check{o}d\check{o}k$ (Codonopsis lanceolata). The crude polysaccharide cut off for each fraction was: <1,000 MW (Fr I), 1,000 MW

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.671-679
• /
• 2018

Glasswort has attracted an attention because of its interesting physiological actions. In this study, the effects of glasswort on inflammatory events including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism in cultured RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. A series of solvent fractions, including fractions of hexane (Fr.H), ethyl ether (Fr.E), ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, were prepared from a 70% methanol extract of glasswort. Among the fractions, Fr.E showed the strongest inhibition of NO synthesis and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. At a concentration of $80{\mu}g/mL$, Fr.E decreased the NO and iNOS levels by 73 and 77%, respectively, after 24 h. Fr.E showed the most potent inhibitory effects on the expressions of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ and cyclooxygenase-2 with $IC_{50}$ values of 33.4 and $27.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Fr.H and Fr.E also significantly inhibited 5-lipoxygenase expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that the hydrophobic fractions of glasswort possess anti-inflammatory activities through modulating the arachidonic acid metabolism and NO synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.385-389
• /
• 1995

MeOH extract of Gastrodia elata was fractionated to five solvent fractions, hexane fr (fr I), 90% MeOH fr (fr II), EtOAc fr (fr III), BuOH fr (fr IV) and $H_2O$ fr (fr V). Among the five fractions, fr II, III and IV showed platelet anti-aggregating effects against ADP or collagen induced rat platelet aggregation in vitro. Fr II , III and IV were also tested in vivo, in the mouse and rat models of thrombosis. Oral administration of fr II, III or IV enhanced the recovery from the thrombotic shock in the mouse model of thrombosis to 32-40% from 17% of recovery with the control group of mice. Treatment with fr II, III or IV also attenuated the sudden reduction in the blood platelet count following intravenous collagen injection to rat. The above results were indicative of the presence of anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic components in this plant.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.247-252
• /
• 1986

More than 300 specimens of higher fungi were collected in Mt. Jiri National Park areas from June, 1984 to September, 1985. These higher fungi were identified. As the resulting, Clitocybe flaccida (Fr.) Kummer, Tricoloma sejuctum (Fr.) $Qu\acute{e}l.$, Melanoleuca melaleuca (Fr.) Murr., Amanita rubrovolvata Imai, Rhodophyllus lazulinus (Fr.) ,$Qu\acute{e}l.$ Paxillus involutus (Fr.) Fr., and Lactarius campholatus Fr. were new to be Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.173-184
• /
• 2012

In order to investigate the fluctuation rates [FR] of phytoplankton after passage through a cooling system, the standing crops, chlorophyll a concentrations and carbon assimilation number of phytoplankton were surveyed at intake and outlet at Wolsong nuclear power plant [NPP] from July 2006 to June 2008. As a result, the total mean standing crops of phytoplankton were $1.0{\times}10^6\;cells\;L^{-1}$ and $7.3{\times}10^5\;cells\;L^{-1}$ at intake and outlet, respectively. The FR of phytoplankton by passage through the cooling system [PTCS] was 27.0%. Among them, the FR of microplankton and nanoplankton were 34.1% and 12.4%, respectively. In addition, the FR of diatoms and dinoflagellateswere 33.9% and 29.7%, respectively. These results showed the entrainment effects on microplankton and diatoms by PTCS were higher than those of nanoplankton and dinoflagellates. The FR of total chlorophyll a concentrations were 54.4%, and the FR of microplankton, nanoplankton and picoplankton were 58.9%, 38.5%, and 52.4%, respectively. So the entrainment effects on microplankton by PTCS were higher than those of nanoplankton and picoplankton. The mean FR of carbon assimilation number of phytoplankton was 57.6%, and the seasonal variations of FR of carbon assimilation number ranged from 47.5% to 76.8%. Our results indicated that the phytoplankton species responded differently to power plant operating conditions such as elevated temperature, chlorination, and mechanical impacts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1993.04a
• /
• pp.141-141
• /
• 1993

말징버섯 Calvatia craniformis의 culture broth 40 liter를 여과하여 얻은 균사채를 열수 추출하여 진한 갈색 건조분말(Fr. A) 13.1g을 분리하였다. Fr. A에 대하여 DEAE-cellulose ion chromatography를 시행하여 중성분획인 흰색 분말 (Fr. B) 2.50g을, 산성분획인 갈색 분말 (Fr. C) 3.50g을 각각 분리하였다. Fr. B 500mg에 대하여 Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration chromatography를 시행하여 흰색분말 Fr. D(Calvatan) 350mg을 분리하였다. Calvatan 350mg에 대하여 Con A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography를 적용하여 미흡착 분획인 Fr. F($\alpha$-form)와 흡착 분획인 Fr. E ($\beta$-form)로 정제하였다. 항암작용의 기전을 구명하고자 마우스에 대하여 면역학적 실험을 시행하였다. macrophage의 활성에 대한 영향을 조사하였던 바, 투여군의 활성화된 macrophage에 의해 유리되는 superoxide anion의 양은 대조군에 비해 1.4배 증가하였고 Calvatan 투여군의 용혈반 형성세포(PFC)는 대조군에 비해 3.1배 증가하였다. 화학 분석에 의해, Calvatan은 다당체 87.2%, 단백질 1.8% 및 hexosamine 1.3%로 구성되어 있었다. 따라서 항암성 분획들은 protein-bound polysaccharide임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 각 분획의 다당체를 구성하고 있는 단당류는 glucose, galactose, mannose 및 xylose 였으며 단백질 부분은 16종의 아미노산으로 구성되어 있었다. IR 스펙트럼은 3300-3400 $cm^{－1}$에서 0-H stretching frequency, 2900 $cm^{－1}$ 에서 C-H stretching frequency, 1630 $cm^{－1}$ 에서 C-0 stretching frequency. 1000-1100 $cm^{－1}$에서 C-H 및 C-0 bending frequency를 나타내는 다당체의 전형적인 특성을 보여주었다.을 보여주었다.