• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2008

Using 8 isozyme polymorphic loci as gene markers, we studied the spatial distribution of genotypes in a naturally regenerated uneven-aged Eastern Siberian Fir (Abies nephrolepis Max.) stand (1ha, $100{\times}100m$) on Mt. Ohdae in northeastern South Korea. Gregorius' distograms and Moran's I correlograms revealed no evidence of significant genetic structure at three spatial classes of 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m. Extensive gene flow, due to the long distance dispersal of pollen and seeds in A. nephrolepis, may account for the lack of fine-scale spatial structure. Alternatives would be overlapping seed shadows caused by high densities of A. nephrolepis adult trees (160 trees/ha) and/or intraspecific competition resulting in extensive thinning within maternal half-sib groups.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

Forest biomass can be used as various types of raw materials such as pulp, wood pellets, solid charcoals and so on. This paper estimates the nation wide amount of forest biomass based on the projection of forest areas for its effective and economic use. Several trend equations are used in projecting the forest areas. In 2009, the forest biomass arising from thinning is estimated be 6,591,575 $m^3$. The estimates of forest biomass in 2015 and 2018 are 6,375,627 $m^3$ and 6,284,779 $m^3$, respectively. Since the forest areas are projected to be declining, the biomass generated by thinning will decrease. This implies that the new alternatives for supplying raw materials for biofuels must be prepared before then.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.275-294
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• 1987

In the United States, forest administration is a constantly changing complex of policies, programs, and management regulations. Forest administration is the product of a brief but tumultuous history during which much of the forests which once covered half the land were coutover for farms, industry, and cities. In the last 15 years, forest administration has been increasingly dominated by concerns for maintaining an ecological balance. Current forest administration is deeply rooted in the American traditions of decentralized federalism and free enterprise, yet combines state socialism and private capitalism. The major elements of U.S. forest administration consist of : 1) programs and policies on taxation, professional education and research, and "cooperative forestry", 2) state controls on forest practices for privately owned lands, and of federal policies and regulations for the management of federal lands. The federal Forest Service has played a lead role in developing and implementing national forest policies and programs. Since the end of World War II, the national forests managed by the Forest Service for multiple use have provided and ever growing fraction of domestic timber needs. In the coming decades, cultural and social trends may force a change in management policy on federal land, reducing the importance of timber harvesting in relation to amenity values.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1999

The study analyze Conifer and Hardwood area and their distribution to seek an efficient survey for Experimental Forest of Kangwon National University using Landsat-5 TM data. Through forest cover types, we try to study on the possibility to use Satellite Data. development of Satellite Interpretation Skill and Digital Mapping Method. As analysis tools we use IMAGINE 8.3 and ArcView 3.0 software. The result showed that Hardwood took approximately 73%, 2,224ha of the total 3,058ha and Conifer takes 27%, 832ha.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-75
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• 2014

Forest roads failure is one of the most common problems caused by heavy rainfalls. This study investigated the characteristics on stabilization measures installed for cutting slopes failure of forest road resulted from heavy rainfalls. Three primary factors (slope length, slope gradient, soil type) affecting cutting slope failure were considered and stabilization measures were classified into two types (A type: wooden fence, vegetation sandbag, stone masonry; B type: wire cylinder, gabion, concrete retaining wall) through discriminant analysis based on their capacity of resistance to slope failure. Results showed that A type was mainly installed in such conditions as cut slope <8 m, cut slope gradient $30-40^{\circ}$ and soil type with soil while B type occurred in locational conditions as cut slope length >8 m, cut slope gradient < $30^{\circ}$ and > $30^{\circ}$, and soil type of gravelly soil and rock.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.915-924
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to conduct a forest healing program for victims affected by the large forest fires of 2017 in Gangneung and to investigate its effects on the stress and physical health promotion of the victims. From January to March 2019, three forest therapy programs were conducted on 49 residents of four villages that suffered forest fires in the National Center for Forest Therapy, Daegwallyeong. The results showed that the degree of stress of forest fire victims decreased significantly by means of these programs. Furthermore, autonomic nerve activity, stress resistance, stress index, and fatigue decreased significantly and average heart rate and heart stability also improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

This study used the nearest feature model to connect forest patches within the western Geum River Basin. Due to many different forest patch sizes, 3 alternative methods were tested to determine the best way to establish an ecological network with forest patches. Alternative 1 used all forest patches to determine whether patches were large enough. Alternative 2 used forest patches over 10 ha in size. Alternative 3 used natural conservation indices to select forest patches containing better qualities in the natural conservation level. As a result 635 out of 724 patches of over 10 ha were selected for comparison. Alternative 1 showed that forest patches of less than 10 ha were outliers interrupting the establishment of the ecological network. They generated an unnecessary ecological network to link core areas to comparison features. The ecological network was improved by using forest patches greater than 10 ha in size(Alternative 2). Each comparison feature was much more hierarchically connected to core areas in Alternative 2 than in Alternative 1. Forest patches filtered by natural conservation indices were useful for obtaining the best ecological network. Alternative 3 clearly showed the connections in the ecological network between core areas and forest.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.153-156
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• 2008

Comparative analysis of forest fire danger rating on the forest characteristics of thinning area and non-thinning area on forest fire burnt area was studied in this work. To investigate the effect of thinning slash in forest fire, Gangneung-si Wangsan-myeon, Ulgin-gun Wonnam-Myeon, Samchok-si Gagok-Myeon, in which forest fire broke out, were selected. As a result that investigated forest fire danger ratio between thinning slash and non-thinning slash, leeward scorching ratio(36%), crown damage ratio(29%), mortality of branch at the former are higher than those at the latter, leeward scorching ratio of tree, where thinning slash is around, is 10%-20% higher than that of independent tree. So I estimate that thinning slash has a some effect on the intensity of forest fire. And the result to investigate damage of forest fire according to tree species shows that leeward scorching ratio of conifer is 5% higher than that of non-conifer, and mortality of branch of the former is 19% higher than that of the latter. It is considered that forest fire may affect directly to a tree trunk if it diffuse to piled thinning tree because there was no space between thinning trees and trees. Furthermore, it was found that re-ignition had a chance to occur due to lots of piled thinning trees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 2009

This research was carried out to understand the actual condition of Forest Management Agency System, Cooperative Forest Program and People's Forest Program with Public Participation and to boost the program. To carry out a quantitative survey among selected 5 Regional Forest Service and 27 National Forest Office, we investigated the activity-awareness concepts of officers on Importance, Performance, and problems of program. As a results, the difference of understanding on National Forest Management System involved with the results of agreement achieved. Also most serious problem of Forest Management Agency System were the shortage of participation will and the limitation of security benefit. The prime reason for the program problem is lack of investment in People's Forest Program. The final results on survey of National Forest Management System with the Importance and Performance as followed. It indicated that I(Keep Up Good Work) have 5 Factors, II(Concentrate Here) have 2 Factors, III(Low Priority) have 6 Factors, and IV(Possible Overkill) have 2 Factors. Base on above investigation, we finally suggest that new organization exclusive responsible for the improvement of management and encouragement of Build Transfer Operate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

We classified the forest type and figured out the ecological characteristics for each of the types in order to provide the basic informations for being induced ecologically efficient forest practice plan by vegetation units in the natural forest of Songnisan. We established the 250 sample points and collected the vegetation data of vertical distribution for each sample. A variety of multivariate statistical methods were applied to classify the forest types. The species diversity index were analyzed to estimate the stability and maturity for forest vegetation in each the type. The types were divided from two to ten clusters by cluster analysis. The appropriate number of clusters was estimated five clusters by indicator species analysis. It was verified through the multiple discriminant analysis that the estimated number of clusters had been suitable. Based on the species composition for each the type, this study site was classified into five forest types: 1) Quercus serrata and 2) mixed mesophytic forest in the valley area, 3) Q. mongolica forest in the main ridge, 4) Pinus densiflora forest in the sub-ridge extending from the main, and 5) Q. variabilis-P. densiflora forest between the sub-ridge and valley. The species diversity index of the pine forest that had been a simple species composition was the lowest while that of the mixed mesophytic forest of which the composition had been diverse was the highest. As the forest vegetation was more varied, the index showed a tendency to increase.