• 제목/요약/키워드: FOOD ORGANISMS

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The High-throughput Solid-Phase Extraction in the Field of Synthetic Biology: Applications for the Food Industry and Food Managements

  • Hyeri SEONG;Min-Kyu KWAK
    • 식품보건융합연구
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.19-22
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    • 2024
  • The field of synthetic biology has emerged in response to the ongoing progress in the life sciences. Advances have been made in medicine, farming, eating, making materials, and more. Synthetic biology is the exploration of using living organisms to create new organisms. By manipulating specific genes to express targeted proteins, proteins can be created that are both productive and cost-effective. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) are employed for protein separation during the production process involving microorganisms. This study centers on Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) to showcase its utility in the food industry and food management. SPE is predominantly utilized as a pretreatment method to eliminate impurities from samples. In comparison to LLE, this method presents benefits such as decreased time and labor requirements, streamlined solvent extraction, automation capabilities, and compatibility with various other analytical instruments. Anion exchange chromatography (AEC) utilizes a similar methodology. Pharmaceutical companies utilize these technologies to improve the purity of biopharmaceuticals, thereby guaranteeing their quality. Used in the food and beverage industry to test chemical properties of raw materials and finished products. This exemplifies the potential of these technologies to enhance industrial development and broaden the scope of applications in synthetic biology.

시판 식물성 식품의 오염지표세균 분포 및 저장온도, 기간별 오염지표세균의 변화 (Distribution of Indicator Organisms and Influence of Storage Temperature and Period in Commercial Plant Food)

  • 이용욱;박석기
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1999
  • There were few data for the distribution of the indicator organisms in the commercial plant foods, and for the normal flora and for the foodborne agents within the country. First of all it must be investigated the distribution of the indicator organisms. And also it is very important to prepare the sanitation criteria for the plant foods through the microbiological examination and the investigation of tendency to change of the indicator organisms according to the storage temperature and period. The average number of total viable counts for grains was 2.9$\times$105/g, psychrophilic bacteria 2.9$\times$105/g, heterotrophic bacteria 3.1$\times$105/g, heat-resistant bacteria 2.1$\times$103/g, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 23/g. That for beans was 6.3$\times$102/g, psychrophile 34/g, heterotroph 1.7$\times$102/g. That for sesames was 1.4$\times$105/g, coliform 350/g, psychrophile 7.4$\times$104/g, heterotroph 5.8$\times$104/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 2.3$\times$103/g. heat-resistant bacteria 150/g. That for potatoes was 2.0$\times$107/g, coliform 5.0$\times$104/g, psychrophile 1.8$\times$107, heterotroph 1.4$\times$107/g, heat-resistant bacteria 3.3$\times$104/, Staphylococcus 2.7$\times$105/g, fecal streptococcus 4.5$\times$103/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 7.0$\times$103/g. That for mushrooms was 1.2$\times$108/g, psychrophile 9.4$\times$107/g, heterotroph 1.0$\times$109/g, heat-resistant bacteria 1.6$\times$105/g, Pseud. aeruginosa 1.3$\times$103/g. That for vegetables was 5.9$\times$1011/g, coliform 1.8$\times$106g/, Staphylococcus 1.1$\times$1012/g, heterotroph 8.4$\times$1011/g, heat-resistant bacteria 7.6$\times$106/g, Staphylococcus 1.1$\times$107/g, fecal streptococcus 1.1$\times$104/g, Pseud. aerugniosa 5.2$\times$104/g. That for nuts 3.9$\times$104/g, coliform 3.9$\times$103/g, psychrophile 4.0$\times$104/g, heterotroph 3.2$\times$104/g, heat-resistant bacteria 400/g. In commercial grains and beans, SPC, psychrophile, heterotroph and heat-resistant bacteria stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$ were constant. Staphylococcus, coliform, Pseud. aeruginosa were decreased a little n grains, but were not detected in beans. In mushrooms, all indicator organisms were increased as time goes on and were increased rapidly at 2$0^{\circ}C$. In sesames, coliform was not detected at all temperature. psychrophile was increased for 7 days, the others were constant. In potatoes, SPC, psychrophile, heat-resistant bacteria, heterotroph had a tendency to increase and the others were constant. In vegetables, indicator organisms were had a tendency to increase, psychrophile, heterotroph were rapidly increased after 7 days. In nuts, SPC, coliform, psychrophile heterotroph, heat-resistant bacteria, Pseud. aeruginosa were constant, staphylococcus and fecal streptococcus were not detected.

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Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis and Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis for Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms

  • Guo, Longhua;Qiu, Bin;Xiao, Xueyang;Chen, Guonan
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.823-832
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    • 2009
  • In recent years, special concerns have been raised about the safety assessment of foods and food ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A growing number of countries establish regulations and laws for GMOs in order to allow consumers an informed choice. In this case, a lot of methods have been developed for the detection of GMOs. However, the reproducibility among methods and laboratories is still a problem. Consequently, it is still in great demand for more effective methods. In comparison with the gel electrophoresis, the capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology has some unique advantages, such as high resolution efficiency and less time consumption. Therefore, some CE-based methods have been developed for the detection of GMOs in recent years. All kinds of CE detection methods, such as ultraviolet (UV), laser induced fluorescence (LIF), and chemiluminescence (CL) detection, have been used for GMOs detection. Microchip capillary electrophoresis (MCE) methods have also been used for GMOs detection and they have shown some unique advantages.

Models of Pseudomonas Growth Kinetics and Shelf Life in Chilled Longissimus dorsi Muscles of Beef

  • Zhang, Yimin;Mao, Yanwei;Li, Ke;Dong, Pengcheng;Liang, Rongrong;Luo, Xin
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제24권5호
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    • pp.713-722
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    • 2011
  • The aim of this study was to confirm Pseudomonas spp. as the specific spoilage organism (SSO) of chilled beef during aerobic storage and to establish a model to predict the shelf life of beef. Naturally contaminated beef was stored at $4^{\circ}C$, and the spoilage limit of Pseudomonas organisms was determined by measuring several quality indicators during storage, including the number of Pseudomonas organisms, total number of bacteria, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) values, L value color scale scores and sensory evaluation scores. The beef was then stored at 0, 4, 7, 10, 15 or $20^{\circ}C$ for varying amounts of time, and the number of Pseudomonas organisms were counted, allowing a corresponding growth model to be established. The results showed that the presence of Pseudomonas spp. was significantly correlated to each quality characteristic (p<0.01), demonstrating that Pseudomonas spp. are the SSO of chilled beef and that the spoilage limit was $10^{8.20}$ cfu/g. The Baranyi and Roberts equation can predict the growth of Pseudomonas spp. in beef, and the $R^2$ value of each model was greater than 0.95. The square root model was used as follows, and the absolute values of the residuals were less than ${0.05:\;{\mu_{max}}^{1/2}$ = 0.15604 [T+(-0.08472)] (p<0.01), $R^2$ = 0.98, $\lambda^{-1/2}$ = 0.0649+0.0242T (p<0.01, $R^2$ = 0.94). The model presented here describes the impact of different temperatures on the growth of Pseudomonas spp., thereby establishing a model for the prediction of the shelf life of beef stored between 0 to $20^{\circ}C$.

서해 곰소만에서 바지락 소화관 내용물의 변동 특성 (Phytoplankton variability in digestive tract of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Gomso Bay, west coast of Korea)

  • 김형섭
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.165-174
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    • 2016
  • 바지락의 섭식 특성을 분석하기 위해 서해의 곰소만에서 바지락의 소화관 내용물과 표층 해수의 식물플랑크톤 군집에 대해 정량 및 정성분석을 실시하였다. 바지락의 소화관에는 규조류 (71.5%), 와편모류 (13.1%), 미소플랑크톤 (6.6%) 과 중형동물플랑크톤을 포함한 유기쇄설물 등이 관찰되었다. 소화관내에서 섭식량은 겨울과 봄에 많았고 여름과 가을에 낮게 나타난 반면, 표층 해수의 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 가을에 가장 많았다. 또한 바지락의 크기가 클수록 섭식한 먹이생물의 양은 증가하였다. 소화관에서 관찰된 우점종은 저서성 규조류인 Paralia sulcata 및 Navicula arenaria와 와편모류의 cyst 이었던 반면 표층해수에서 우점종은 부유성 규조류인 Chaetoceros 속, Skeletonema 속, Asterionellopsis 속 등과 cryptomonads 및 P. sulcata이었다. 소화관 내용물 분석을 통해 바지락의 주요 먹이원은 저서성 규조류이며, 식물플랑크톤의 크기와 모양에 따라 선택적으로 섭식함을 확인하였다.

Classification of Meat-Based Listeria monocytogenes Using Whole-Cell Protein Patterns and Serotyping Analysis

  • Park, Si-Hong;Jung, Sang-Hoon;Kim, Hyun-Joong;Chung, Yun-Hee;Kim, Hae-Yeong
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.324-327
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    • 2006
  • The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is commonly associated with meats and unpasteurized dairy products. To identify this pathogen in meats more efficiently than has been done in the past, we purchased meats from Korean markets and performed sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and serotyping analysis on Listeria organisms isolated from meat samples. Each Listeria species showed specific protein band patterns on SDS-PAGE. Whole-cell protein SDS-PAGE profiles indicated that the organisms isolated from meats sold in local Korean markets were L. monocytogenes with the serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b. We suggest that it is possible to carry out molecular subtyping of L. monocytogenes using SDS-PAGE.

광양만 보구치 (Argyrosomus argentatus) 후기자어의 먹이 선택성 (Feeding Selectivity of Postlarvae of White Croaker (Argyrisomus argentatus) in Kwangyang Bay, Korea)

  • 차성식;박광재
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.27-31
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    • 2001
  • 보구치 후기자어의 먹이생물과 선택성을 조사하기 위하여 1995년 여름 광양만에서 채집된 보구치 후기자어의 장내용물을 조사하였다. 보구치 후기자어의 장에서 관찰된 먹이생물의 종류는 요각류의 난과 nauplius 유생, 유종섬모충류의 Codonellopsis sp.와 Tintin-nopsis sup. 등이었다. 상대중요성지수에 의하면 보구치 후기자어의 가장 중요한 먹이생물은 요각류 nauplius 유생이었다. 보구치는 성장하면서 섭취하는 먹이의 크기가 증가하였으며, 요각류 nauplius 유생에 대한 선호도도 증가하였다.

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흰베도라치, Enedrias fangi 치자어기의 식성 (Food of the Larval Gunnel, Enedrias fangi)

  • 김종만;김동엽;유재명;허형택
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.484-490
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    • 1985
  • 우리나라 서해안의 경기만에서 채집한 횐베도라치 개체군의 식성을 파악하기 위하여 흰베도라치 소화관내용물과 환경생물을 비교연구한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 흰베도라치의 먹이생물은 체장에 따라 다소의 차이는 있으나 대체로 환경에서 우점적으로 출현하는 요각류의 Paracalanus parvus, Corycaeus affinis, Calans sinicus를 주로 섭이하며 미색류, 어란, 십각류 유생도 체장에 따라 다소높은 먹이생물로 나타났다. 2. 흰베도라치 치자어의 먹이에 대한 선택성은 대체로 성장함에 따라 점진적으로 높아지는 현상을 보였다. 즉 체장이 커질수록 요각류를 선호하며, 체장 45.0mm부터는 미색류를 많이 섭이하는 경향이었다. 그러나 체장 45.0mm부터 십각류유생이 대한 선택성은 감소되어 소극적 섭이를 하였고, 전 체장군에서 모악류의 섭이량은 별로 많지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 흰베도라치의 먹이생물크기에 대한 선택성은 뚜렷하지 않으며 우점적으로 출현하는 먹이생물의 크기에 좌우되는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 흰베도라치의 성장함에 따른 먹이생물의 중요도는 전 체장군에서 요각류가 높게 나타났으며, 체장에 따라 어란도 다소 높았다. 체장 45.0mm부터는 십각류유생에 대한 선택성은 감소하였으나 먹이생물로서의 중요도는 높게 나타났다. 요각류의 종별 중요도에서는 체장 36.0mm 이하에서 P. parvus, C. affinis가 높았고, 체장 $45.0{\sim}46.0mm$에서는 C. sinicus가 높게 나타났다.

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STANDARDIZATION OF TEST ORGANISMS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOXICITY TESTS METHODS

  • Yasuno, M.
    • 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경독성학회 1993년도 제12회 총회 및 학술 발표회 특별강연요지집
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    • pp.4-5
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    • 1993
  • Toxicity tests in our laboratory are conducted usually with mass-reared organisms. They are under the same environmentel conditions throughout seasons and are supplied at specific age. A total of 38 species of aquatic organisms are being reared. We have attempted to establish pruified strains or to select clones of various parthenogenic organisms. The merits or demerits of our culturing test organisms are discussed. The differences in the susceptibility among clones or strains of test organism are also discussed. For a single species test, algae, daphnia, fish are often used. However, we usually use early stages, but occasionally, adults fish are used for reproduction tests. As an another important aspect, the toxicity through food chains has been studied. In this study, we select a pair of species belonging different trophic levels. The differences between single species tests and multispecies tests will be discussed. Even a single species test intends to assess the effects of chemicals on ecosystem levels, however, this idea is not applicable to ecosystems. Single species tests with standard organisms and multispecies tests are contradictory in concept. One type of multispecles tests is indoor microcosms being composed of severel species artificially assembled, and another is composed of natural components (both indoor and outdoor). We have used three types of outdoor mesocosms using ponds and three types of artificial streams. The mesocosms is useful to not only to analyze the floral or faun61 changes but also to study the fate or behaviour of chemicals in naturd environments. Lastly, usefulness of the field observation or experiments or semi-field experiments will be discussed. This will enhance the exploitation of early warning systems utilizing indicator organisms or animal behaviour.aviour.

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Dietary Intake and Potential Health Risk of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) via Various Marine Organisms in Korea

  • Moon Hyo-Bang;Lee Su-Jeong;Park Jong-Soo
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.141-147
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    • 2004
  • Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in seventy marine organisms (40 species) from the Korean coast. PAHs were present in all the organisms. The level of total PAHs in the organisms varied from 0.45 to 224 ng/g dry weight and the carcinogenic PAHs varied from 0.05 to 49.8 ng/g dry weight. The PAHs residues according to the marine organisms showed a highest content in bivalve species, and followed by crustaceans, cephalopods, fish and gastropods. Human dietary intake of total PAHs through marine organism in Korea was estimated to be 4.12 ng/kg body weight/day and 0.67 ng/kg body weight/day for carcinogenic PAHs. The relative contributions of individual species to the total dietary intake of PAHs were in the order of bivalves $(53.4{\%})$, fish $(21.9{\%})$, crustaceans $(15.3{\%})$, cephalopods $(8.8{\%})$ and gastropods $(0.6{\%})$. Daily dietary intake of $PAH_{TEQ}$ expressed as a TEQ value was estimated to be 0.13 pg TEQ/kg body weight/day, which did not exceed a tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the KFDA and the WHO as well as the UK toxicity committee. Lifetime cancer risk due to ingestion of marine species by the Korean adult was evaluated using the equation estimating exposure of food ingestion. Although approximately $23{\%}$ of cumulative frequency of the sampled marine species exceeded the cancer risk guideline, lifetime cancer risk associated with marine organism consumption was negligible. Results indicate that dietary intake of PAHs through the consumption of the Korean marine organisms seems to be safe for human ingestion with negligible cancer risk.