• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.18
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• pp.269-270
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• 2005

A hybrid passivation method using parylene and silicon dioxide combination layer for a flexible organic light emitting diode (FOLED) was applied on a polycarbonate substrate. A parylene coating by vapor polymerization method is a highly effective passivation process for the FOLED, and it applies all top surface and the edges of the FOLED device. In order to minimize the permeation of moisture and oxygen from the top surface of the device, an additional layer of silicon dioxide was deposited over the parylene coated layer. It was found that the water vapor transmittance rate (WVTR) of parylene (15 m-in-thickness) / SiO2 (0.3$\mu$m-in-thickness) combination layers deposited on polycarbonate film was decreased under the value of 10-3 g/m2day. The FOLED with the hybrid passivation showed remarkably longer lifetime characteristics in the ambient conditions than the non-passivated FOLED. The lifetime of the passivated FOLED was 400 hours and it was more than ten times over the lifetime of the convectional non-passivated FOLED.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.288-301
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to verify the degree of visibility of FOLED (fiber optic light-emitting diode) materials applied to safety-enhancing clothes of micro-mobility users during the day and night by conducting an empirical test targeting 50 people in their teens, 20's, 30's, 40's, and 50's or older. First, the results of the visibility test at 10 m-intervals from 10 to 70 m based on the clothes sample showed that the light detection of FOLED material was very good without daytime or night-time distinction. Second, the results of directional sign detection of FOLED were confirmed to be very high without any daytime or night. Third, the results of identifying a pictogram design showed that the distance was shorter than that of light detection or directional indication. However, the FOLED pictogram design could be confirmed at a distance of 50 m or less. Therefore, if a clothes product using FOLED material is worn and micro-mobility is used, the experimental results indicate that safety will be sufficiently secured due to the excellent visibility.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.41-43
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• 2004

Plasma polymerized para-xylene ($PP_PX$) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) was used as the barrier layer on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to improve lifetime of the flexible organic light-emitting diodes (FOLEDs). The $PP_PX$ barrier layer deposited on top of the PET substrate with plasma power of 30 W at deposition pressure of 0.2 torr showed transmittance spectra good enough to be applied in FOLED on PET substrates. FOLEDs with the $PP_PX$ barrier layer (barrier-FOLEDs) showed similar I-V and B-V characteristics to FOLEDs without the $PP_PX$ layer (control-FOLEDs). The lifetime of barrier-FOLED was two times longer than that of the control-FOLED. With $PP_PX$ passivation layers, lifetimes of both control and barrier-FOLEDs were improved by more than 4 times. These results show that PECVD deposited $PP_PX$ layers can be used as barrier layers for FOLEDs on plastic substrates as well as passivation layers for general OLEDs.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.996-998
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• 2004

In this study, we tested parylene as the passivation layer for flexible organic light emitting diodes (FOLEDs).Parylene as passivtion layer has several advantages which are good optical transparent and low moisture penetration. For more an effective passivation of FOLEDs, we suggest hybrid passivation layer with parylene and silicon oxide. We compared electrical properties and stability of the device with and without passivation layer. The lifetime of FOLED with hybrid passivation layer was increased over three times than that of non-passivated of FOLED.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.163-163
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• 2012

차세대 모바일용 전자디스플레이로 각광받고 있는 FOLED (flexible organic light emitting display)의 연구에서 display의 신뢰성과 수명은 매우 중요한 연구 테마이다. OLED의 수명단축에 영향을 미치는 요소는 수분에 의한 열화가 가장 치명적이다. Barrier layer를 통한 수분의 주요 침투경로는 pin-hole과 void 등과 같은 defect에 의한 것으로 보인다. 수분의 침투 경로를 제어하는 OLED용 barrier layer의 요구조건은 WVTR (water vapor transmission rate)이 $10^{-6}g/m^2{\cdot}day$ 이하로 낮아야 한다. Barrier layer가 가져야 할 핵심적인 조건은 유연성을 가지면서 동시에 WVTR 값이 매우 낮아야 하는데, 아직까지 이를 만족하는 barrier layer의 개발은 아직 덜된 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 PET (polyethylene terephthalate) 기판에 sputtering법으로 barrier layer를 제조하였다. 증착에 이용한 타겟은 두가지 종류인 Al과 $Al_2O_3$를 사용하였으며, 다층박막으로 제조하였다. 제조된 barrier layer의 수분침투 특성은 WVTR의 측정으로, 유연성의 평가는 in-situ fatigue test를 수행하여 측정하였다. 종합적인 특성 평가를 위하여 SEM과 AFM (atomic force microscope) 관찰도 하였다.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2007년도 7th International Meeting on Information Display 제7권1호
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• pp.741-744
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• 2007

The research applied the processes of spin-coating and thermal-evaporating in proper order to deposit the hole transport material N,N'-Bis(naphthalen-1-yl)- N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine (NPB) on the ITO substrate to make flexible organic light emitting diodes (FOLED) with double hole transport layer.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2005년도 International Meeting on Information Displayvol.I
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• pp.609-613
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• 2005

Advanced mobile communication devices require a bright, high information content display in a small, light-weight, low power consumption package. In this paper we will outline our progress towards developing such a low power consumption active-matrix flexible OLED ($FOLED^{TM}$) display. Our work in this area is focused on three critical enabling technologies. The first is the development of a high efficiency long-lived phosphorescent OLED ($PHOLED{TM}$) device technology, which has now proven itself to be capable of meeting the low power consumption performance requirements for mobile display applications. Secondly, is the development of flexible active matrix backplanes, and for this our team are employing poly-Si TFTs formed on metal foil substrates as this approach represents an attractive alternative to fabricating poly-Si TFTs on plastic for the realization of first generation flexible active matrix OLED displays. Unlike most plastics, metal foil substrates can withstand a large thermal load and do not require a moisture and oxygen permeation barrier. Thirdly, the key to reliable operation is to ensure that the organic materials are fully encapsulated in a package designed for repetitive flexing. We also present progress in operational lifetime of encapsulated T-PHOLED pixels on planarized metal foil and discuss PHOLED encapsulation strategy.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2006년도 6th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.305-308
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• 2006

Advanced mobile communication devices require a bright, high information content display in a small, light-weight, low power consumption package. For portable applications flexible (or conformable) and rugged displays will be the future. In this paper we outline our progress towards developing such a low power consumption active-matrix flexible OLED $(FOLED^{TM})$ display. We demonstrate full color 100 ppi QVGA active matrix OLED displays on flexible stainless steel substrates. Our work in this area is focused on integrating three critical enabling technologies. The first technology component is based on UDC's high efficiency long-lived phosphorescent OLED $(PHOLED^{TM})$ device technology, which has now been commercially demonstrated as meeting the low power consumption performance requirements for mobile display applications. Secondly, is the development of flexible active-matrix backplanes, and for this our team are employing PARC's Excimer Laser Annealed (ELA) poly-Si TFTs formed on metal foil substrates as this approach represents an attractive alternative to fabricating poly-Si TFTs on plastic for the realization of first generation flexible active matrix OLED displays. Unlike most plastics, metal foil substrates can withstand a large thermal load and do not require a moisture and oxygen permeation barrier. Thirdly, the key to reliable operation is to ensure that the organic materials are fully encapsulated in a package designed for repetitive flexing, and in this device we employ a multilayer thin film Barix encapsulation technology in collaboration with Vitex systems. Drive electronics and mechanical packaging are provided by L3 Displays.