• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.64-72
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• 1995

This paper proposes how to tune the gains of PI controllers in case of gain change in a process control system. Controllers of PI type have been used in industry and the gains of the controllers have been tuned by expert engineers. It, therefore, takes much time and efforts to tune the controllers. It is more difficult to find gains of multi-loop processes. The tuning method of a fuzzy tuner in this paper is developed based on the assumptions that the PI controllers are of analog type and are tuned off-line, and that the characteristic values must be supplied for the tuner. A Tuner using Fuzzy Logic(FLT1 is capable of showing presentlpast states of a process control system and finding gains of PI controllers. The verfication of the FLT is shown by various experiments.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.34-37
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• 2013

This study evaluated the effects of somatic mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on disease progression and tried to verify the two-hit theory in cancer pathogenesis. To address this issue, SNP analysis was performed using the UCSC hg19 program in 10 acute myeloid leukemia patients (samples, G1 to G10), and somatic mutations were identified in the same tumor sample using SomaticSniper and VarScan2. SNPs in KRAS were detected in 4 out of 10 different individuals, and those of DNMT3A were detected in 5 of the same patient cohort. In 2 patients, both KRAS and DNMT3A were detected simultaneously. A somatic mutation in IDH2 was detected in these 2 patients. One of the patients had an additional mutation in FLT3, while the other patient had an NPM1 mutation. The patient with an FLT3 mutation relapsed shortly after attaining remission, while the other patient with the NPM1 mutation did not suffer a relapse. Our results indicate that SNPs with additional somatic mutations affect the prognosis of AML.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.2177-2180
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• 2012

New [$^{18}F$]F-fluorination methods using a minimized amount of precursor has been developed by controlling the base concentration. In the first method, pre-conditioning of the anion exchange cartridge with $K_2CO_3$ solution or water was carried out. The trapped [$^{18}F$]fluoride on the cartridge was then eluted by KOMs or KOTf solution. [$^{18}F$]F-Fluorination could be performed without additional base. In the second method, the QMA cartridge was preconditioned with KOMs solutions. Trapped [$^{18}F$]fluoride on the QMA was then eluted with KOMs and additional base, such as KOH, $K_2CO_3$, and $KHCO_3$, was added into the reaction vessel. Method 1 showed a [$^{18}F$]F-incorporation yield of 20.9% for [$^{18}F$]FLT synthesis with 5 mg of precursor. Unlike method 1, a [$^{18}F$]F-incorporation yield of 91.4% was achieved from the same amount of precursor in method 2.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.412.1-412.1
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• 2004

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.401.1-401.1
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• 2004

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.11.1-11.1
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• 2003

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.273-278
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• 2011

Purpose: To analyze the dimensions of the embrasure space between the maxillary central incisors as potential factors influencing interdental papilla fill and height. Methods: The embrasure dimensions between the maxillary central incisors of 100 subjects (40 females/60 males) were assessed with clinical, study model, and radiographic examinations. Variables of the complete and deficient papilla fill groups were compared. Multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate potential influence of the distance between the contact point and bone crest (CP_BC), horizontal interdental distance (HID), and facio-lingual thickness (FLT) at the papilla base on complete/deficient papilla fill and papilla height (PH). Results: CP_BC was the only variable that showed a significant difference between the complete and deficient papilla groups (P<0.05). When the CP_BC was less than 5 mm, the embrasure spaces between the maxillary central incisors were completely filled with interdental papilla. Multiple regression analyses revealed that a significant predictor for complete/deficient papilla fill was CP_BC, and significant predictors for PH were CP_BC and HID (P<0.05). Conclusions: The chances of complete papilla fill increased as CP_BC decreased, while PH increased as CP_BC and HID increased. However, the FLT of the papilla base did not appear to affect papilla fill or PH. From an esthetic perspective, CP_BC as well as HID should be considered as factors influencing the topography of interdental papilla.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.165-174
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• 2002

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as a peptide growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we examined the effect of VEGF on radiation induced apoptosis and receptor/second messenger signal transduction pathway for VEGF effect in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). VEGF was found to protect HUVECs against the lethal effects of ionizing radiation by inhibiting the apoptosis induced in these cells by radiation exposure. VEGF (1-30 ng/ml) dose dependently inhibited apoptosis by irradiation. Pre-treatment with Flt-1 and Flk-l/KDR receptor blocked the VEGF-in duced antiapoptotic effect. Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-kinase) specific inhibitor, Wortman in and LY294002, blocked the VEGF-induced antiapoptotic effect. These data suggest that VEGF may play an important role in survival of HUVECs due to the prevention of apoptotic cell death caused by some stresses such as ionizing radiation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1247-1253
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• 2014

Mutations in the DNMT3A and IDH genes represent the most common genetic alteration after FLT3/NPM1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We here analyzed the frequency and distribution pattern of DNMT3A and IDH mutations and their associations with other molecular markers in normal karyotype AML patients. Fortyfive patients were screened for mutations in DNMT3A (R882), IDH1 (R132) and IDH2 (R140 and R172) genes by direct sequencing. Of the 45 patients screened, DNMT3A and IDH mutations were observed in 6 (13.3%) and 7 (15.4%), respectively. Patients with isolated DNMT3A mutations were seen in 4 cases (9%), isolated IDH mutations in 5 (11.1%), while interestingly, two cases showed both DNMT3A and IDH mutations (4.3%). Nucleotide sequencing of DNMT3A revealed missense mutations (R882H and R882C), while that of IDH revealed R172K, R140Q, R132H and R132S. Both DNMT3A and IDH mutations were observed only in adults, with a higher frequency in males. DNMT3A and IDH mutations were significantly associated with NPM1, while trends towards higher coexistence with FLT3 mutations were observed. This is the first study to evaluate DNMT3A/IDH mutations in Indian patients. Significant associations among the various molecular markers was observed, that highlights cooperation between them and possible roles in improved risk stratification.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1571-1576
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• 2012

A diarylurea compound 1 possessing pyrrolo[3,2-$c$]pyridine nucleus was designed and synthesized with structure similarity to Sorafenib. Compound 1 was tested over 60-cancer cell line panel at a single dose concentration of 10 ${\mu}M$ and showed high activity. It was further tested in a five-dose mode to determine its $IC_{50}$, TGI, and $LC_{50}$ values over the 60 cell lines. Compound 1 showed high potency and good efficacy, and was accordingly tested at a single dose concentration of 10 ${\mu}M$ over a panel of 40 kinases. At this concentration, it completely inhibited the enzymatic activities of a number of oncogenic kinases, including ABL, ALK, c-RAF, FLT3, KDR, and TrkB. The target compound was subsequently tested over these 6 kinases in 10-dose testing mode in order to determine its $IC_{50}$ values.