• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.217-221
• /
• 2012

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) colocalize with leukocyte infiltrates in rheumatoid synovia. Proinflammatory leukocytes are known to amplify inflammation by signaling to FLS, but crosstalk between FLS and regulatory T cells (Tregs) remains uncharacterized. To address this possibility, we cocultured FLS lines derived from arthritic mice with Tregs. FLS that expressed the ligand for glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related gene (GITR) decreased expression of Foxp3 and GITR in Tregs in a contact-dependent manner. This effect was abolished by blocking antibody to GITR. On the other hand, the Tregs caused the FLS to increase IL-6 production. These results demonstrate that inflamed FLS license Tregs to downregulate Foxp3 expression via the GITRL/GITR interaction while the Tregs induce the FLS to increase their production of IL-6. Our findings suggest that the interaction between FLS and Tregs dampens the anti-inflammatory activity of Tregs and amplifies the proinflammatory activity of FLS, thereby exacerbating inflammatory arthritis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the experience of Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) coordinator nurses in a hospital setting. Methods: An in-depth interview was done using a semi-structured questionnaire on 4 FLS coordinator nurses between August 2022 and May 2023. A qualitative content analysis method was used for the data analysis. Results: Three themes of the experience of FLS coordinator were "The absence of identity of FLS coordinator," "struggling with the approach of creating something out of nothing," and "improvement of training and system to establish FLS coordinator role." Conclusion: This study identified three themes about the experience of FLS coordinator nurses in hospital setting. This finding is expected to be useful in developing education programs for FLS coordinator nurses.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.18 no.1_2
• /
• pp.45-57
• /
• 2005

An efficient algorithm for finding the inverse and the group inverse of the FLS $\gamma-circulant$ matrix is presented by Euclidean algorithm. Extension is made to compute the inverse of the FLS $\gamma-retrocirculant$ matrix by using the relationship between an FLS $\gamma-circulant$ matrix and an FLS $\gamma-retrocirculant$ matrix. Finally, some examples are given.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.40 no.11
• /
• pp.2142-2144
• /
• 2015

3D FLS is a active sonar that can represent the underwater inside visually in forward direction. We discuss on the decrease of bubbles from breaking waves in 3D FLS frames. In the experiment using the bubbles reduction filter the effect of bubbles was decreased a lot.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 1992

A new experimental technique is proposed to localize the flow limiting segment(FLS) during forced expiration. The present technique is based on the pressure drip across FLS and a consequent change in airway resistance, which can provide an accurate and objective location of FLS. During forced expiratory maneuver artificially induced by a strong negative pressure (-100mmHg) applied at the trachea in an anesthetized open chest dog, airway resistance( R) was calculated from air flow and airway pres- sure signals at various airway locations and lung volumes, At the lung volumes above 10 % VC, FLS located in the trachea 6cm lower from the larynx. With the lung volume decreased below 8% VC, FLS jumped upstream to End-3rd generation of the airway. These results were similar with the previous reports from excised dog lungs, which demonstrated the validity of the present technique. Since the present technique provides a more objective measure of FLS location, it would be useful in future studies of expiratory flow limitation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.405-413
• /
• 2020

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a crucial role in initiating rheumatoid arthritis. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a role in FLS survival as well as in B cell maturation and maintenance. Here, we investigated whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced BAFF expression controls FLS migration and whether BAFF expression in FLS could be regulated by KR33426 which is the inhibitor of BAFF binding to BAFF receptors (BAFF-R) by using MH7A synovial cells transfected with the SV40 T antigen. More TNF-α-treated cells migrated compared to the control. TNF-α increased BAFF expression in FLS, significantly. FLS migration was inhibited by the transfection with BAFF-siRNA. KR33426 also inhibited BAFF expression increased by TNF-α treatment in FLS as judged by western blotting, PCR, and transcriptional activity assay. Kinases including JNK, p38 and Erk were activated by TNF-α treatment. While JNK and p38 were inhibited by KR33426 treatment, no changes in Erk were observed. Transcription factors including p65, c-Fos, CREB and SP1 were enhanced by TNF-α treatment. Among them, c-Fos was inhibited by KR33426 treatment. Small interference(si)-RNA of c-fos decreased BAFF transcriptional activity. FLS migration induced by TNF-α was inhibited by the transfection with BAFF-siRNA. KR33426 increased Twist, Snail, Cadherin-11 and N-Cadherin. In contrast, KR33426 decreased E-cadherin and TNF-α-enhanced CCL2. Taken together, our results demonstrate that synovial cell migration via CCL2 expression could be regulated by BAFF expression which is decreased by KR33426 and c-Fos-siRNA. It suggests for the first time that the role of BAFF-siRNA on FLS migration might be matched in the effect of KR33426 on BAFF expression.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.64 no.7
• /
• pp.1088-1095
• /
• 2015

In most cases, the use of electric power is associated with the economic scale of a nation closely. Thus, the electric power load forecasting plays an important role for the national economic plan. This paper deals with the design method for the electric power load forecasting system. In this paper, RCR-MA data processing, which can make the complex properties of the original data form simple, is proposed. Next, IT2TSK FLS, which can reflect the uncertainty of data more than T1TSK FLS, is applied. Consequently, the structural advantage of the proposed system can improve the forecasting accuracy, and is verified by using two types of electric power data.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.111-124
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the perception and understanding of Free Learning Semester (FLS) in home economics teachers and to provide basic informations for effective implement of FLS in future school curricula. Home economics teachers perceived that the objective of FLS was to help students explore their careers and make preliminary decisions. In addition, teachers thought that FLS should be run by active students' participation to find out their dreams and talents. However, teachers felt difficulties in obtaining information or documents related to implementing FLS. Moreover, there were lack of connected activities with local communities to operate FLS. Teachers recognized that it is necessary to receive FLS-related education. Regarding home economics teachers' role in FLS implement, they should provide career education with a perspective of lifelong career and nurture students' capability to lead their lives by themselves. In that sense, FLS should help students find out their dreams and talents, think about their career, set up lifelong career plan through home economics education, and nurture capability to lead their lives. In addition, home economics teachers should provide continuous career education in home economics education at academic semesters.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.39 no.8
• /
• pp.611-618
• /
• 2016

Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) with aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) are critical pathogenic regulators in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies have found that overexpression or silencing of miRNA can contribute to the development of miRNA-based therapeutics in arthritis models. In this study, we explored the effects of miR-27a on cell migration and invasion in cultured FLS from RA patients. We found that miR-27a was markedly downregulated in the serum, synovial tissue, and FLS of RA patients. Meanwhile, the expression of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) was upregulated, which suggests that FSTL1 plays a key role in RA development. The results of a Transwell assay showed that miR-27a inhibited FLS migration and invasion. However, miR-27a inhibition promoted the migration and invasion of FLS. In addition, the down-regulated expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13) and Rho family proteins (Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA) was detected after treatment with miR-27a in RA-FLS by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analysis. Then, a luciferase reporter assay validated that miR-27a targeted the 3-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of FSTL1. Moreover, miR-27a caused a significant decrease of FSTL1. In addition, the expression of TLR4 and $NF{\kappa}B$ was inhibited by miR-27a but increased by FSTL1 overexpression. In conclusion, we found that miR-27a inhibited cell migration and invasion of RA-FLS by targeting FSTL1 and restraining the $TLR4/NF{\kappa}B$ pathway.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.1654-1657
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to examine whether HC is effective in controlling molecular components known to be involved in RA, FLS were used to determine possible regulatory effects of HC on levels of inflammatory cytokines. Major findings are summarized as follows. TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression levels in FLS cells which had been repressed by 10, 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of HC treatment. IL-6 mRNA expression levels in FLS cells which had been repressed by 10, 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of HC treatment. IL-1${\beta}$ mRNA expression levels in FLS cells which had been repressed by 10, 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of HC treatment. The present data suggest that FLS which has been activated by IL-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ co-treatment decreased production of inflammatory cytokines then, HC treatment by repressed the production of these molecules.