• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2020

유채(Brassica napus L.)는 식용유 생산을 목적으로 재배되며, 1975년에는 26.8천ha가 재배되어 연간 생산량이 34.7천톤이 생산되었으나, 외국으로부터 값싼 식용유의 대량수입으로 재배면적이 급격하게 감소되었다. 그러나 최근에 지방자치단체를 중심으로 경관용 재배면적이 증가하고 있고, 건강에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 국내산 non-GM 식용유 생산을 목적으로 유채 재배면적이 급격하게 증가하고 있다. 유채의 대량생산을 위해서는 논 재배가 필수적이나 유채와 벼의 이모작 재배 시기가 겹치는 문제점이 발생하고 있어 조생종 유채의 품종개발과 함께 봄 파종이 가능한 유채의 품종 육성에 대한 요구가 매우 높다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 보유 유채를 포함하는 십자화과(Cruciferae) 유전자원의 특성 평가를 통해 극조숙 유채 품종 육성을 조기에 육성하기 위해 실시하였다. 농촌진흥청 국립유전자원센터에서 분양받은 유전자원 146계통을 파종 재배하면서 핵형분석과 외부형질을 기준으로 정확한 종을 동정하였고, 각 유전자원의 생육 및 개화특성을 조사하였다. 유전자원들을 세포분석기를 이용하여 핵형을 분석한 결과, 전체 146개의 유전자원 중 유채(B. napus L.) 128계통, 갓(B. juncea Sinsk) 6계통, 배추(B. campestris Makino) 9계통, 미분류 3계통 등으로 조사되었다. 유전자원을 가을 파종(10월 22일)하였을 때 개화가 가장 빠른 계통(IT 279089)이 파종 후 137일 이후인 3월7일부터 개화가 시작되었고, 가장 늦은 계통(IT 279198)은 191일 후인 4월 30일에 개화가 시작되었다. 봄 파종(2월 4일)하였을 때 개화가 가장 빠른 계통(IT 279089)이 파종 후 79일 이후인 4월 23일부터 개화가 시작되었고 IT 279092 등 29계통은 추대와 개화가 되지 않았다. 위와 같은 연구결과를 토대로 개화시기가 빠른 유전자원을 육종을 위한 인공교배 시화분친이나 종자친으로 이용하면 지방산 품질이 좋고 극조숙성인 유채 품종의 개발이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.101-101
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• 2020

Soybean is known as to have a several healthy ingredients. Among them, isoflavones are effective in reducing obesity, menopausal symptom. Isoflavones consist of 12 isomers, including Aglycon, Glucoside, Malonyl glucoside, Acetyl glucoside, and are usually found in soybean seeds. The content is determined by the sum of 12 isomers, and the content value difference between the varieties is huge. In this study, we investigated the agronomic traits, 12 isomer of isoflavone content and composition for 49 soybean germplasms. This germplasms were selected from the 23,000 germplasms with the highest total content of isoflavones possessed by the National Agrobiodiversity Center. Seed samples were cultivated in experimental field located in Jeonju City on April 04, 2019. Matured seeds were harvested and portions of each seed samples were oven-dried, pulverized, and analyzed for their isoflavone compositions using HPLC-DAD. The soybean samples showed distinction in their agronomic traits, isoflavone compositions and contents. The days to flowering ranged between 38 and 69 days while the days to maturity ranged between 103 and 156 days. The seed coat color of soybean germplasms was 24 in black, 10 in yellow, 2 in green, 5 in yellowish green, 4 in green with black spot, 4 in pale yellow. The germplasm with the highest total content of isoflavones was the IT178054(1257.61±7.98 ㎍/g), but the germplasms containing the largest number of isoflavone isomers were IT274592, IT275005, both germplasms had 11 isoflavone isomers excluding Malonyl glycitin. The largest source of Aglycon, the most easily absorbed isoflavone form in the human body, was IT274592(DZ: 8.83±0.30 ㎍/g, GL: 11.14±0.81 ㎍/g, GE: 8.16±0.26 ㎍/g), while only IT274592, IT275005, IT308619 contained all three components of Aglycon. In Principal Component Analysis(PCA), the first two principal components showed more than 3.5 Eigen value and accounted for 58.2% of variability. The total content value had strong relationship with Malonyl genistin content value. Acetyl isomers had strong relationship, but Malonyl isomers were only related to isomers except Malonyl glycitin. These results will help in research on soybean varieties to enhance isoflavone ingredients.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.867-874
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• 2023

Recently, many problems are occurring in the bee ecosystem due to rapid climate change. The decline in the bee population and changes in the flowering period are having a huge impact on the harvest of bee-keepers. Since it is impossible to continuously observe the beehives in the hive with the naked eye, most people rely on knowledge based on experience about the state of the hive.Therefore, interest is focused on smart beekeeping incorporating IoT technology. In particular, with regard to swarming, which is one of the most important parts of beekeeping, we know empirically that the swarming time can be determined by the sound of the queen bee, but there is no way to systematically analyze this with data.You may think that it can be done by simply recording the sound of the queen bee and analyzing it, but it does not solve various problems such as various noise issues around the hive and the inability to continuously record.In this study, we developed a system that records queen bee sounds in a real-time cloud system and analyzes sound patterns.After receiving real-time analog sound from the hive through multiple channels and converting it to digital, a sound pattern that was continuously output in the queen bee sound frequency band was discovered. By accessing the cloud system, you can monitor sounds around the hive, temperature/humidity inside the hive, weight, and internal movement data.The system developed in this study made it possible to analyze the sound patterns of the queen bee and learn about the situation inside the hive. Through this, it will be possible to predict the swarming period of bees or provide information to control the swarming period.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 2024

Recently, in several regions of Korea, we discovered the occurrence of Sagina micropetala Rauschert and S. procumbens L. All the plants of the genus Sagina growing in Korea are 5-merous and belong to the sect. Spergella. However, the two taxa we discovered belong to the sect. Saginella and are 4-merous. In addition, morphological characteristics such as sepals during the fruiting season and seeds were significantly different from those of species of the genus Sagina that occur in Korea. To clearly identify these species, we compared and observed their primary morphological characteristics using illustrated books and literature. Morphologically, S. micropetala exhibits the following traits: pubescence along the leaf margin, horizontally spreading sepals with red margins, and convex protrusions on the seed surface. In contrast, S. procumbens can be distinguished by its pedicels, which are curved during the flowering season and erect during the fruiting season. This plant also has broadly ovate sepals with white or yellowish-green margins, and flat seed surface protrusions. In terms of molecular analyses, 19 samples of Sagina were divided into two clades (S. micropetala and S. procumbens), confirming the taxonomic identity of the Sagina spp.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2024

Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips palmi are economically important pests of cucumber. The chemicals used to control them can be effective; however, they should not be used frequently on cucumbers that are consumed raw. Banker plants were selected to increase the control efficiency of Orius laevigatus, a natural enemy that can replace the chemicals. The hatching rate, emergence rate, nymph developmental period, survival rate, and reproductive capacity (fecundity and oviposition period) of O. laevigatus for four plants (moss rose, basil, broad bean, and cucumber) were investigated. The density of O. laevigatus on two selected banker plants was investigated in a cucumber greenhouse. The hatching rate of O. laevigatus eggs was highest at 92% in moss rose; however, there was no significant difference in survival rates between moss rose and basil. The fecundity and oviposition period of O. laevigatus were better in moss rose than in basil, with no significant difference between them. The flowering period of basil was longer than that of moss rose, from April to September. Therefore, basil has potential value as a banker plant for O. laevigatus and is expected to increase the biological control effect of O. laevigatus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2024

This study was conducted to determine the optimal spring seeding dates for alfalfa yield and feed value. The experiment was conducted annually for three years (2021~2023) at the field in the Department of Animal Resources Development, NIAS, located in Cheonan. The treatments involved six seeding dates ranging from February 24 to April 14, with 10days intervals. Alfalfa was harvested four times a year at the early flowering stage. Dry matter yield showed a tendency to decrease with delayed the seeding date. However, depending on the climatidc condisions in the seeding year, the dry matter yield on March 14 or 24 was comparable to that on February 24. Annual dry matter yield varied, influenced by the daylight conditions each year. The average feed value did not significantly differ within in the same year with delayed seeding dates (p>0.05). Therefore, the most stable period for alfalfa spring seeding in the central area of South Korea is considered to be from February 24 to April 4, with February 24 indentified as the optimal date.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.62-79
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• 2024

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is a species that has devastated the United States and Canada. It is known to play a role in destroying the ecosystem. In this study, the domestic distribution of garlic mustard was confirmed and a detailed distribution map was created for the Samcheok region, where the largest population has been established in South Korea. This study investigated the growth environment, life cycle, and population dynamics of the species in the Samcheok region. Garlic mustard was found in a total of 301 locations in Samcheok, with a total distribution area of 2,957 square meters. Annual plants germinated in mid-April, overwintered in rosette form, underwent vegetative growth from April 10 to April 24 the following year, and flowered from April 24 to May 7. Individuals producing seeds began to die off from June. Both annual and biennial individuals showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing in number around April 27 (118 days). Garlic mustard grew well under favorable light conditions in early spring. They showed less growth on leaf litter, short distance from roads, lower altitude, deciduous broad-leaved forest of middle and lower parts of the slope and forest edge. Without proper control measures in the Samcheok region, it is likely to spread more rapidly in deciduous broad-leaved forests along hiking trails in the Galyasan Mountains. In particular, it is more likely to extend to oak community where light enters the site during flowering than to pine community where there is less light in the site.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.69 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2024

This study investigated 575 cultivated soybean landraces from different provinces in Korea, using 17 key agromorphological traits. The studied soybeans showed wide variations in both qualitative and quantitative traits, signifying the existence of genetic diversity. The standardized Shannon-Weaver index (H') ranged from 0.3 to 1.0, with seed-related traits having an H' value higher than 0.7. Similarly, quantitative traits showed significant variation, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 7.2% for days to maturity (DM) to 62.3% for the number of pods per plant (PPP). In terms of province, the Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do accessions differed from the other accessions, with higher proportions of green and yellow seed coats and lower proportion of black hilums. Gyeongsangnam-do accessions also showed early maturation and flowering but had the lowest average one-hundred seeds weight (HSW). In contrast, Jeollanam-do accessions flowered and matured late but had the highest average seed weight per plant (SWPP). Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the soybeans into 12 clusters, and further statistical analysis showed significant variations in all quantitative traits (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis grouped the accessions based on the clusters. DM, PPP, HSW, and SWPP were identified as major contributors to the observed variance along the axes of the first two principal components. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between maturity and yield-related traits. Based on their relative performance, 37 promising accessions were identified. Overall, this study highlights the diversity of recently cultivated Korean soybean landraces and provides opportunities for future metabolomic and genomic studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 1974

The author intended to investigate external and internal changes in the cone structure, changes in water content, sugar, fat and protein during the period of seed maturation which bears a proper germinability. The experimental results can be summarized as in the following. 1. Male flowers 1) Pollen-mother cells occur as a mass from late in April to early in May, and form pollen tetrads through meiosis early and middle of May. Pollen with simple nucleus reach maturity late in May. 2) Stamen number of a male flower is almost same as the scale number of cone and is 69-102 stamens. One stamen includes 5800-7300 pollen. 3) The shape is round and elliptical, both of a pollen has air-sac with $80-91{\mu}$ in length, and has cuticlar exine and cellulose intine. 4) Pollen germinate in 68 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ with distilled water of pH 6.0, 2% sugar and 0.8% agar. 2. Female flowers 1) Ovuliferous scales grow rapidly in late April, and differentiation of ovules begins early in May. Embryo-sac-mother cells produce pollen tetrads through meiosis in the middle of May, and flower in late May. 2) The pollinated female flowers show repeated divisions of embryo-sac nucleus, and a great number of free nuclei form a mass for overwintering. Morphogenesis of isolation in the mass structure takes place from the middle of March, and that forms albuminous bodies of aivealus in early May. 3. Formation of pollinators and embryos. 1) Archegonia produce archegonial initial cells in the middle and late April, and pollinators are produced in the late April and late in early May. 2) After pollination, Oespore nuclei are seen to divide in the late May forming a layer of suspensor from the diaphragm in early June and in the middle of June. Thus this happens to show 4 pro-embryos. The organ of embryos begins to differentiate 1 pro-embryo and reachs perfect maturation in late August. 4. The growth of cones 1) In the year of flowering, strobiles grow during the period from the middle of June to the middle of July, and do not grow after the middle of August. Strobiles grow 1.6 times more in length 3.3 times short in diameter and about 22 times more weight than those of female flower in the year of flowering. 2) The cones at the adult stage grow 7 times longer in diameter, 12-15 times shorter diameter than those of strobiles after flowering. 3) Cone has 96-133 scales with the ratio of scale to be 69-80% and the length of cone is 11-13cm. Diameter is 5-8cm with 160-190g weight, and the seed number of it is 90-150 having empty seed ratio of 8-15%. 5. Formation of seed-coats 1) The layers of outer seed-coat become most for the width of $703{\mu}$ in the middle of July. At the adult stage of seed, it becomes $550-580{\mu}$ in size by decreasing moisture content. Then a horny and the cortical tissue of outer coats become differentiated. 2) The outer seed-coat of mature seeds forms epidermal cells of 3-4 layers and the stone cells of 16-21 layers. The interior part of it becomes parenchyma layer of 1 or 2 rows. 3) Inner seed-coat is formed 2 months earlier than the outer seed-coat in the middle of May, having the most width of inner seed-coat $667{\mu}$. At the adult stage it loses to $80-90{\mu}$. 6. Change in moisture content After pollination moisture content becomes gradually increased at the top in the early June and becomes markedly decreased in the middle of August. At the adult stage it shows 43~48% in cone, 23~25% in the outer seed-coat, 32~37% in the inner seed-coat, 23~26% in the inner seed-coat and endosperm and embryo, 21~24% in the embryo and endosperm, 36~40% in the embryos. 7. The content compositions of seed 1) Fat contents become gradually increased after the early May, at the adult stage it occupies 65~85% more fat than walnut and palm. Embryo includes 78.8% fat, and 57.0% fat in endosperm. 2) Sugar content after pollination becomes greatly increased as in the case of reducing sugar, while non-reducing sugar becomes increased in the early June. 3) Crude protein content becomes gradually increased after the early May, and at the adult stage it becomes 48.8%. Endosperm is made up with more protein than embryo. 8. The test of germination The collected optimum period of Pinus koraiensis seeds at an adequate maturity was collected in the early September, and used for the germination test of reduction-method and embryo culture. Seeds were taken at the interval of 7 days from the middle of July to the middle of September for the germination test at germination apparatus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2000

This survey investigated on the degree of acknowledgment, intake frequency and using methods of wild grasses of the residents in Kyeonggi, Kangwon, Chunnam, Chungbook, Kyeongnam & Cheju area. The results were as follows: 1. An answer that impression of wild grasses is 'nature food' was the highest(42.6%). It was founded that interest of nature food has been increasing. 2. It has been shown that the most common method for elimination of astringent taste is to blanch and then wash several times with water.(62.9%) 3. The most common obtaining routes was traditional market. It has been shown that rate of gathering in the fields is higher in rural community and the group of over 60 years old than that of urban community and the other groups. 4. In rural area, people(28.7%) ate wild grasses more frequently than in urban area. Family with the old and the group of over 40 years old eat wild grass often. 5. More than 95% of answerers were familiar with the names of wild grasses, codonopsis lanceolata, chinese bellflower, braken, mugwort, wild rocambole and edible shoots of a fatsia & Korean lettuce are known to them with over 88.6%, 85.1% respectively. Frequently eaten wild grasses were braken, chinese bellflower, wild tocambole, codonopsis lanceolata, mugwort and korean lettuce orderly. But in Chunnam & Kyeongnam, they were braken, chinese bellflower, mugwort, wild rocambole and Korean lettuce orderly. 6. Wild grasses eaten with rice were total 25 species, and mugwort had the highest usage rate with 41.9%. Mugwort was used for $D'{\breve{o}}k$(rice cake)(77.8%), T'wigim $J{\breve{o}}n$(deep fat fried dish swallow fat fried dish)(50.1%) and liquor(4.6%). In the cooking of Guk(soup), Chigae(stew), Sengch'ae(raw vegetable) and kinds of wild grasses for Namul(cooked seasonal vegetable) & Bokkum(saute) are the most various with 58 species, especially braken was most commonly used for saute. Sedum & Korean lettuce were the common ingredients of Kimch and codonopsis lanceolata was used in liquer & Jangachis(pickle) with 40%, 46% each. Chinese bellflower was used with the most variable cooking method. 7. 43 species of wild grasses were stored by blanching and drying, and braken had the highest rate(32.3%) then aster scaber, flowering fern, Pimpinella brachycarpa, mugwort and ligularia orderly.