• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate on agronomic characteristics, dry matter (DM) and digestible dry matter (DDM) yields of summer sowing sorghum hybrids (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) at Seongju in Gyeongbuk from 2013 to 2014. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Sorghum hybrids were seeded $31^{st}$ of July, 2013 and 2014. Sorghum hybrids were harvested on $3^{rd}$ November, 2013 and $5^{th}$ November, 2014. The observed average heading date was October 5, 8 and 9 for Sordan79, Sprint and SX17 respectively. The DM yield of 'SX17', 'Sordan79', and 'Sprint' was 24.2, 23,9 and 23.4 ton/ha, respectively and DM yield of those were significantly higher (p<0.05) than other three cultivars in 2013. DM yield of 'SX17', 'Sprint' and 'Sordan79' was 20.8, 20.0 and 19.3 ton/ha, respectively and DM yield of those was significantly higher (p<0.05) than other three cultivars in 2014. The DDM yield of 'SX17', 'Sordan79', and 'Sprint' was also higher (p<0.05) than other three cultivars in 2013 and 2014. ADF content of sorghum hybrids was low, whereas DDM was high. The results of this study indicated that traditional sorghum-sudangrass hybrids ('SX17', 'Sordan79') and sudan grass-sudangrass hybrid ('Sprint') than late flowering sorghum-sudangrass hybrid ('PACF8350') and sorghum-sorghum hybrids ('SS405', 'Sugar grazer') would be recommended for DM and DDM yields in the southern Korea.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.849-857
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• 2016

In the growth of the Rubus coreanus Miquel fruits, the unripened (10 days) and ripened (25 days) fruits after flowering were harvested. The chemical characteristics of different maturational stages of the unripened and ripened fruits were investigated. Total amount of phenolic compounds was 4.00-7.56% in the unripened fruits and 3.78-5.57% in the ripened fruits, respectively. Furthermore, total amounts of organic acids such as malic, citric, succinic, and oxalic acids were 16.40 mg/100 g in the unripened fruits and 28.82 mg/100 g in the ripened fruits, respectively. In organic acids of the unripened and the ripened fruits, citric acid (8.76-15.47 mg/100 g) was the highest amount among other organic acids. Soluble sugars were significantly increased from 11.07 to 21.54% in the unripened and ripened fruits. Therefore, ripened fruits had the high levels of phenolic compounds, organic acids and soluble sugars. For the biological studies of R. coreanus, methanol extracts of R. coreanus leaves, fruits, and stems were evaluated for their insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Plutella xylostella (Lepioptera: Plutellidae) and Spodoptera litura (Lepioptera: Noctuidae) by leaf dipping method. From these results, the extract of R. coreanus leaves revealed potent insecticidal activity against P. xylostella. However, the methanol extracts of R. coreanus fruits and stems had no any insecticidal activity against M. persicae, P. xylostella and S. litura. The R. coreanus leaves have promising potential as new insecticidal agent against P. xylostella.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.267-271
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• 1995

To improve regeneration efficiency of Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis (chinese cabbage) in vitro, the effect of ehtylene inhibitors [AgNO$_3$ and silver thiosulfate (STS)] and optimal age of explantse were investigated. On the effect of ethylene inhibitors either 100 $\mu$M of AgNO$_3$ or 5 $\mu$M of STS enhanced shoot regeneration from cotyledons when it was added in basal shoot induction media(MS salts, B5 vitamine, sucrose 2%, BA 2.0mg/L, NAA 1.0mg/L). But at higher concentrations, AgNO$_3$ induced abnormal shoots, and STS greatly reduced regeneration frequency. On the other hand, the maximum regeneration rate was obtained from the cotyledons taken from 3-day old seedlings. However there was no distinctive effect among the containers used for cultivation. The most optimal condition of root induction was a minimal Murashige and Skoog media containing 0.1 mg/L NAA. In order to induce bolting and flowering from in vitro regenerated chinese cabbage, the plant were healed at 4$^{\circ}C$ for weeks in a cold chamber. When they were planted in pots, the plane produced phenotipically normal flowers and seeds. The overall results suggest that ethylene inhibitors promote regeneration of shoot from cotyledons of chinese cabbage without alleviating fertility.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 1998

The Polygonatum spp. used in this study was collected from 1994 to 1997, and planted by species in Hamyang medicinal plant experimental station field. $30{\sim}40 $ species of Polygonatum spp. have been known to be distributed in the northern hemisphere, and $14{\sim}18$ species in Korea. In this study, collected seven species of Polygonatum spp. were investigated. Plant height was highest in Polygonatum stenophyllum followed by P. falcatum, P. humile, P. lasianthum var. coreanum.. Leaf length was longest in P. falcatum and shortest in P. odoratum and leaf width was the most wide in P. odoratum var. pluriflorum. P. stenophyllum had 111 flowers per stem. The other species had $14{\sim}22$ flowers per stem. The ratio of flower setting in each species was high at two but was 95.2% at above four in P. stenophyllum. The number of fruits was 14.8, 15.4 and 17.7 in P. odoratum, P. falcatum and P. humile, respectively. Other species did not produce fruit. Fruit setting percentage was high in P. odoratum as 81.5%. The number of branched rhizome doubled every year.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 2006

As lipolytic enzymes, GDSL lipases play an important role in plant growth and development. In order to identify their functions and roles, the full-length cDNA of a GDSL lipase gene, designated BnLIP2, was isolated from Brassica napus L. BnLIP2 was 1,300 bp long, with 1,122 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 373 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis indicated that BnLIP2 belonged to GDSL family. Southern blot analysis indicated that BnLIP2 belonged to a small gene family in rapeseed genome. RT-PCR analysis revealed that BnLIP2 was a tissue-specific expressing gene during reproductive growth and strongly expressed during seed germination. BnLIP2 expression could not be detected until three days after germination, and it subsequently became stronger. The transcript of this gene was deficient in root of seedlings growing at different stages. When juvenile seedlings were treated by methyl jasmonate (MeJ), salicylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), BnLIP2 expression could not be induced in root. Our study implicates that BnLIP2 probably plays an important role in rapeseed germination, morphogenesis, flowering, but independent of root growth and development.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 1997

Tomato (lycopersicon esculentum Mill.‘Sunroad’) seedlings grafted onto the four different rootstocks, ‘Anchor-T’, ‘Kagemushia’, ‘Joint’ and ‘Vulcan’, and fed with different amount of nitrogen were investigated for their susceptibility to the root rot Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. lycopersici Snyder et Hansen, race J$_3$) disease, plant growth, and fruit quality. The flowering of the first flower cluster was promoted in grafted plants (GP) as compared to non-grafted (NG) ones. The plant height was increased by the grafting, and the growth and stem diameter were enhanced with increased nitrogen levels. Grafted plants were little affected by the Fusarium wilt disease except ‘Anchor-T’rootstock (64.7％ infection). The rate of malformed, underdeveloped, and gray-mold infected fruits were reduced in the grafted plants regardless of the rootstocks. Soluble solid content, sugars, ascorbic acids and organic acids did not show any difference between grafted and non grafted plants, but ascorbic acid tends to be reduced in the high nitrogen treatment. Content of N, Ca and Mg in leaves were greatly increased in the GP grown with high nitrogen level (30kg.㏊$^{-1}$ ).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1319-1328
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• 2011

Rhododendron brachycarpum is a evergreen broad-leaved shrub and belongs to the Ericaceae family and the Rhododendron genus. It is well known for its beautiful leaves and flowers. There are 11 species of the Rhododendron genus in Korea. It includes 3 species - Rhododendron brachycarpum, Rhododendron aureum Georgi and Rhododendron brachycarpum var. roseum Koidz. They grow naturally over 1,000 meters above sea level of the Baekdu Mountain Range in Korea. These habitats, according to investigations of 9 Rhododendron brachycarpum natural habitats, are mostly located on the slope of mountains facing north at an altitude of 1,200 m to 1,526 m above sea level with angle of inclination from 30 degrees to 45 degrees. Based on the result of vegetation analysis of dominance species in the quadrates, there are Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, Abies holophylla in species of upper trees, and so on. Dominant species of woody plants in tree layer are Quercus aliena, Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb, Abies holophylla, Betula platyphylla and Veeatrum patulum Loes. fil, Erythronium japonicum, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Paeonia japonica var. glabra Makino are founded in herbaceous plants. And we can see another result of the investigation that the flowering rates of the plants with the buds are highly ranked mountains such as Mt. Hambaek 68%, Mt. Gyebang 40%, Mt. Yagksu 9%, Mt. Gaein 7% and Mt. Seolag 0%. The results show that there are 24 over 15-year-old Rhododendron brachycarpums in Mt. Odae and are 56 under 15-year-old trees in Mt. Hambaek and are no trees in Mt. Gyebang and are 9 over 30-year-dead trees only in Mt. Taebaeg. Out of found trees, the highest tree is 7 m in height and 0.6 m in diameter. Also this result shows what are the vulnerability factors of the natural habitats. They are as follows: indiscriminate trails in mountains, damages by mountain climbers, uncareful plant collecting, the fierce competitions with other plants such as Acer pseudosieboldianum var. ishidoyanum Uyeki, Quercus aliena, Celastrus orbiculatus and damages by disease and insect, unusual temperature in natural habitats, etc. Rhododendron brachycarpums have high ornamental value and excellent pharmaceutical effect. But the areas of its habitats decrease dramatically. So we need measures to protect and their natural habitats. It is necessary that we conductfurther investigations to designate conservation area for Rhododendron brachycarpums.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.185-193
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• 2004

Gibberellin (GA) treatment on fruit stalk was effective in fruit growth but reduced the shelf life of fruit. This study was carried out to improve the shelf life of GA treated fruit. Fruit characteristics were surveyed according to the treatment part and concentration of polyamine in 'Whangkeumbae', 'Yeongsanbae', and 'Chuwhangbae'. GA was treated on fruit stalk at 30 days after flowering and 100, 200, and 300 ppm of polyamine were sprayed on leaves of fruit cluster and canopy at 7 day before harvest. In GA treated fruit, fruit weight was heavier as $10\%$ and fruit hardness was lower as $0.3\~0.5\;kg$ than control in all cultivar, but sugar content and palatability were no difference in each treatment. In morphological characteristics, the distance from pith to epidermis of GA treated fruit was faraway as $42.0\%$. Fruit hardness and palatability of 'Whangkeumbae' was good in the leaves spray on the fruit stalk with 200 ppm and the leaves spray on the canopy with 500 ppm at 30 day after harvest. 'Yeongsanbae' and 'Chuwhangbae' showed the same to the result. So we knew that the effective treatment to improve the storagibility after GA treatment on fruit stalk was the fruit stalk leaves spray with 200 ppm because it needed small amount of polyamine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.35
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• pp.17-44
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• 1997

Medieval European practical art and style of costume is studied through referring to the literatures. The type of clothing that was seen on tapestries arts and crafts paintings and wall paintings and appeared in the architecture such as church. There were symbolic aspects of color motifs at this period and some restraints for clothing according to the social class, It was a period that draped garments due to the War of Crusades is appeared. Be-cause the medieval taste and decorative character is not only 'formative art' but also the taste beyoud 'mode' and atomsphere of that times it could be seen the strong reflec-tion of customs in the clothing of that times which is shown in works of art. 1) The purpose of Christian art which was found in mosaics stained glasses wall pain-tings and statues of architecture was not just the revival of natural phenomena but visuali-zation of sacred and invisible things. It was valuable to understandin of the spiritual through the sense organ It was a monumental art that was combined with decorative func-tion and role of the Bible. It revealed what was about the religious spiritual miracle, 2) In the medieval European painting characteristic and beautiful creativity was the basis of an argument. Both "Worship of East-ern" that is painted ion a parchment and "Cor-onation of Charles VI" were described decor-ation motifs on the edge of buildings geo-metric patterns and others with outstanding skill. there were precise technologic skill of architect and glassmen and lots of patience of craftsmen. " The Labour of the Months" and the scene of"A Trial at the Court" is also de-scribed elaborately. 3) Tapestry was developed in France Ger-many Swiss at the 14th century. Religionary and historical themes unicorn lady bird flowering plants and others were major motifs. It was very important as decorative wall coverings and as practical door arch and bed hangings. It was made through patient hard work with simple technique and it was con-sidered as an art for practical use. Tapestry was what everyone wish to have. It is reckoned for the item of the best gift. The royalty and nobility ordered and used custom-made tapestries. Sometimes the subject of motifs consisted of series which were deeply related to living 4) Decorative arts and crafts was the art that used materials such as precious metals jewels and others and that accorded with the luxurious and gorgeous taste of the royalty and nobility. Christian considered splendid and beautiful color of light as a symbol of glory. They used also for church appliances, There were metal crafts wood crafts textile crafts and others, As was stated above the costume appeared on the arts and crafts for living revealed the process of changes saw how the politic econ-omic and social organizations were developed.and social organizations were developed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1975

The weekly change of sugar and starch content in unfilled grain of Jinheung (temperate rice var.) and IR667-Suweon 214 (tropical rice var.) and of filled grain ratio (less than specific gravity 1.06 for Jinheung and 1.03 for IR667), filled grain weight and unfilled grain weight from flowering and the relationship among them were as fallows. 1. Total sugar content in unfilled grain was twice in Jinheung than in IR667 and starch content was higher (about 2.5 to 3.5%) in Jinheung but starch/sugar ratio was greater in IR667. Thus IR667 that was classified as high sugar type in leaf sheath and internode appears to be high starch type in sink (grain). 2. Under the favorable condition the weight of unfilled grain reached to minimum value and followed by maximum filled grain ratio and lastly by maximum weight of filled grains per ear. 3. Sugar and starch content gradually increased and then decreased during ripening and the maximum values reached prior to maximum filled grain ratio (6 weeks). Sugar content reached to maximum much earlier than starch content did and increased again from 8 weeks later. 4. Starch/sugar ratio reached to maximum value earlier than maximum starch content and earlier in IR667 than in Jinheung. 5. Maximum starch content of unfilled grain in Jinheung was 51.1%.