• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1295-1301
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• 2013

The cause of flow mark defect is known as non-uniform temperature of mold surface when the flow front meets the cold cavity. The exact definition and classification of Flow mark is not clear because the mechanism of flow mark is not figured out till now. Any injection molding analysis software can not predict the flow mark phenomena. To solve weldline and flow mark defects, the gate thickness is reduced to increase the melt front velocity and the melt front velocity of the flow mark area is increased from 82.3mm/s to 104.7mm/s. In addition, the bulk temperature of the flow mark area is increased from $178.3^{\circ}C$to $215.2^{\circ}C$ by adding a cold slug well. The flow mark phenomena can be greatly reduced by increasing the flow front velocity and elevating the bulk temperature.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

1. Purpose We inquire into difference of blood flow velocity according Sasang Constitution. 2. Method We selected observation group that they are 251 patients among of the patients who are had a medical early examination of stroke. We classified observation group by Sasang Constitution and compared each of measured blood flow velocity by TCD. 3. Result 1) We found out that Taeumin is highest in fat rate, height and blood pressure. 2) Blood flow mean velocity of MCA is not found out significant difference by Sasang Constitution. But, Taeumin is found out highest in left and right. 3) Taeumin is found out that blood flow velocity of Siphon sinus ICA is highest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

Numerical simulations were carried out to analyze the flow characteristics of the wind tunnel. Flow field characteristics with velocity uniformity at the test sections are largely affected by inlet conditions of air flow rate and temperature. Axial average velocity of the flow field inside the test area was almost linearly decreased by 0.026% each 1m. The uniformity distributions of axial velocity showed the highest reduction rate of about 24% between nozzle outlets 1 ~ 2m. In addition, average velocity and the uniformity are increased with air temperature in the wind tunnel due to density variation. The results of this paper are expected to be useful for the basic design of wind tunnel and to be used for efficient design.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.142-148
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• 2016

To evaluate the effect of flip angle on flow rate measurements obtained with phase contrast MRI according to the flip angle degree in ascending aorta and velocity encoding (VENC) was (150 m/s). 1.5T MRI in patients 17 (female: 8, male: 9, mean age $57.9{\pm}15.4$) as a target by applying a non-breath holding techniques to flip angle VENC (150 cm/s) in each of the ascending aorta was measured by changing $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$. Blood was obtained a peak velocity, average velocity, net forward volume, net forward volume/body surface area. Ascending aorta from average velocity (AV) measured the average value of the flip angle $20^{\circ}$ (9.87 cm/s), $30^{\circ}$ (9.6 cm/s) and $40^{\circ}$ (10.05 cm/s). Blood flow VENC in was blood flow change in flip angle change was high most blood flow measurement when the flip angle $30^{\circ}$ in VENC, crouching each blood flow is also proportional to the increases in the $20^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$ and was increased, the deviation of the peak velocity and the average velocity is the smallest deviation from the flip angle $30^{\circ}$. Flip angle $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$ in peak velocity, average velocity, net forward volume, net forward volume/body surface area was no statistically significant difference (p > .05). Blood flow velocity and blood flow is measured by applying to adjust the flip angle accurately calculate the blood flow is important information for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and can help in the examination on the blood flow measurement.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.793-804
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• 1994

Turbulence intensity caused by piston movement was almost as same tendency as the piston speed. The turbulence intensity was increased from 0.39m/s to 0.79m/s when mean piston speed increased from 2.33m/s to 4.67m/s. In this case the maximum turbulence intensity caused by piston speed was decreased about 82 percent near the top dead center at the end of compression stroke. The maximum turbulence intensity was created from 12m/s to 22m/s when inlet flow velocity was increased from 22m/s to 45m/s. Also turbulence intensity caused by inlet flow velocity was linearly increased from 0.97m/s at top dead center at the end of compression stroke. The ratio of turbulence intensity and mean inlet flow velocity was about 3 percent for inlet flow velocity.

• 연구논문집
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• s.30
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

The objective of experimental study is to apply simultaneous measurement by PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)to high_speed flow characteristics within Ginseng washing machine. Three different kinds of flow rate(15,20,27 $\ell$/min)are selected as experimental conditions. Optimized cross correlation identification to obtain velocity vectors is implemented by direct calculation of correlation coefficients. Instantaneous velocity distribution, time-mean velocity distribution and velocity profiles are represented quantitatively at the full-scale region for the deeper understanding of the flow characteristics in Ginseng washing machine.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

A numerical study for laminar flow in the entrance region of helical tubes for uniform inlet velocity conditions is carried out by means of the finite volume method to investigate the effects of Reynolds number, pitch and curvature ratio on the flow development. This results cover a curvature ratio range of 1/10$\sim$1/320, a pitch range of 0.0$\sim$3.2, and a Reynolds number range of 125$\sim$2000. It has been found that the curvature ratio does significantly effect on the angle of flow development, but the pitch and Reynolds number do not. The characteristic angle $\phi_c(=\phi/\sqrt{\delta})$, or the non-dimensional length $\overline{l}(=l\sqrt{\delta}cos(atan\lambda)/d)$ can be used to represent the flow development for uniform inlet velocity conditions. In uniform inlet velocity conditions, the growth of boundary layer delays the flow development attributed to centrifugal force, and in which conditions the amplitude of flow oscillations is smaller than that in parabolic inlet velocity conditions. If the pitch increases or if the curvature ratio or Reynolds number decreases, the minimum friction factor and the fully developed average friction factor normalized with the friction factor of a straight tube and the flow oscillations decrease.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1378-1386
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• 2002

In the present study, velocity profile and wall shear stress distributions of developing turbulent oscillatory flows in an oscillator connected to straight duct located in exit region of a curved duct was investigated experimentally. The experimental study for air flows was conducted to measure axial velocity profiles, shear stress distributions by using the Laser Doppler Velocimetry(LDV) system with the data acquisition and processing system of Rotating Machinery Resolver(R.M.R) and PHASE software. The results obtained from experimental studies are summarized as follows. The critical Reynolds number for a change from transitional oscillatory flow to turbulent flow was about 7500, in the 60region of dimensionless axial position which was considered as a fully developed flow region. The turbulent oscillatory flow, velocity profiles of the inflow period in the entrance region were gradually developed, but those of the outflow period were not changed nearly. Velocity profiles of inflow and outflow were shown as a symmetric form in a fully developed flow region. The wall shear stress distributions of turbulent oscillatory flow increase rapidly as the flow proceeds to downstream and flow was in good agreement with the theoretically.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.617-623
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• 2003

In the present study, the characteristics of upward bubble flow were experimentally investigated in a liquid bath. The velocity of upward bubble flow was calculated for two different experimental conditions：1) bubble flow without kinetic energy 2) bubble flow with kinetic energy. Bubble flow without kinetic energy starts to undergo the effect of buoyancy l0cm away from the nozzle. Whereas. kinetic energy is dominant before 30 cm away from the nozzle in bubble flow but after this point kinetic energy and inertial force are applied on bubble flow at the same time In addition, as the flow rate increases the maximum velocity point moves to the nozzle. The velocity Profiles near free surface is extremely irregular due to surface flow. Gas volume fraction is high near the nozzle due to gas concentration. but decreases with the increasement of axial position. Gas volume fraction does not vary after the axial position, z=60 in spite of the increasement of flow.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2003

Flow characteristics of blood flow in a micro channel were investigated experimentally using a micro-PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) velocity field measurement technique. The main objective of this study was to understand the real blood flow in micron-sized blood vessels. The Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of micro-channel for deionized (DI) water was about Re=0.34. For each experimental condition, 100 instantaneous velocity fields were captured and ensemble-averaged to get the spatial distributions of mean velocity. In addition, the motion of RBC (Red Blood Cell) was visualized with a high-speed CCD camera. The captured flow images of nano-scale fluorescent tracer particles in DI water were clear and gave good velocity tracking-ability. However, there were substantial velocity variations in the central region of real blood flow in a micro-channel due to the presence of red blood cells.