• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2022

Total of 325 estuaries in Korea were surveyed to analyze the effect of presence of sluice gate on the estuary environment and fish community from 2016 to 2018. Fish community in closed and open estuaries showed differences generally, and the relative abundance (RA) of primary freshwater species in the closed and migratory species in the open estuaries were high. The result of classifying species by habitat characteristics in closed and open estuaries showed similar tendencies at the estuaries of south sea and west sea. The relative abundances of primary freshwater species in the closed estuaries at the estuaries of south sea and west sea were the highest, but estuarine and migratory species were high in both closed and open estuaries at the estuaries of east sea. Primary freshwater species showed higher abundances in the closed estuaries with reduced salinity due to blocking of seawater since they are not resistant to salt. However, primary freshwater species in open estuaries at east sea was higher than that of the closed estuaries, which is considered to be the result of reflecting the characteristics (tide, sand bar, etc.) of the east sea. Korea Estuary Fish Assessment Index (KEFAI) was showed to be higher at open estuaries than closed in all sea areas (T-test, P<0.001), the highest KEFAI was observed in closed estuaries at south sea, and open estuaries in east sea. Fish community of closed and open estuaries in each sea areas showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, East, Pseudo-F=3.0198, P=0.002; South, Pseudo-F=22.00, P=0.001; West, Pseudo-F=14.067, P=0.001). Fish assemblage similarity by sea areas showed a significant differences on fish community in closed and open estuaries at east sea, south sea, and west sea (SIMPER, Group dissimilarity, 85.85%, 88.36%, and 88.05%). This study provided information on the characteristics and distribution of fish community according to the types of estuaries. The results of this study can be used as a reference for establishing appropriate management plans according to the sea areas and type in the management and restoration of estuaries for future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2016

Background: Previous studies on the biological integrity on habitat and landuse patterns demonstrated ecological stream health in the view of regional or macrohabitat scale, thus ignored the mesoscale habitat patterns of pool, riffle, and runs in the stream health analysis. The objective of this study was to analyze influences on the mesohabitat structures of pool, riffle, and run reaches on the fish guilds and biological integrity in Geum-River Watershed. Results: The mesohabitat structures of pool, riffle, and run reaches influenced the ecological stream health along with some close relations on the fish trophic and tolerance guilds. The mesoscale components altered chemical water quality such as nutrients (TN, TP) and BOD and these, then, determined the primary productions, based on the sestonic chlorophyll-a. The riffle-reach had good chemical conditions, but the pool-reach had nutrient enrichments. The riffle-reach had a predominance of insectivores, while the pool-reach has a predominance of omnivores. Also, the riffle-reach had high proportions of sensitive fish and insectivore fish, and the pool-reach had high proportions of tolerant species in the community composition. The intermediate fish species in tolerance and omnivorous fish species in the food linkage dominated the community in the watershed, and the sensitive and insectivorous fishes decreased rapidly with a degradation of the water quality. All the habitat patterns were largely determined by the land-use patterns in the watershed. Conclusions: Trophic guilds and tolerance guilds of fish were determined by land-use pattern and these determined the stream health, based on the Index of Biological Integrity. This study remarks the necessity to include additional variables to consider information provided by mesohabitats and land-use distributions within the selected stream stretch. Overall, our data suggest that land-use pattern and mesohabitat distribution are important factors to be considered for the trophic and tolerance fish compositions and chemical gradients as well as ecological stream health in the watershed.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.131-137
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• 2006

Most South Korean lakes are middle/small size artificial reservoirs, which are almost agricultural reservoirs (17,956). A total of 67 species (21 families) were recorded and collected from 65 agricultural reservoirs though field samplings and literature surveys. Dominant species was Pseudorasbora parva (relative abundance 24.5%), and Carassius auratur (41 sites) was the highest frequency. Feeding group of fish communities in the reservoirs was as follows: carnivorous (16.2%), omnivorous (79.5%) and herbivorous fish (4.3%). The number of individuals (P=0.024), species number (P=0.047) and carnivores number (P=0.024) were significantly correlated with reservoir ages. Reservoirs were classified into 3 groups according to feeding patterns of carnivore, omnivore and herbivore groups. The omnivores were dominant group in agricultural reservoirs. Detailed studies on fish community will be a base for the understanding of food web structure and biomanipulation in reservoir systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7789-7794
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a community-based health education and communication programme on reducing liver fluke infections caused by the consumption of uncooked fish among people in a high-risk area of Thailand. Materials and Methods: The study was quasi-experimental in nature, with three-stages. Stage 1 involved a situational and capacity analysis of designated communities in Khon Kaen province. This was followed by the development of a model for community-based health education and communication to prevent liver fluke infections among high-risk people, and, lastly, implementation and evaluation of the model were performed. Data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative methods. In total, 390 people were surveyed, and quasi-experimental and comparison groups, each with 90 people, were assessed between May 2011 and April 2012. Analysis was using statistical OR, 95 % CI, the Willcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test, the chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The findings showed that most respondents had a high level of knowledge and understanding of liver fluke disease (89.5%, 95% CI:86.0-92.4), and positive attitudes toward the prevention of the disease (94.4%, 95% CI:91.6-96.4). However, with regard to changes in consumption of uncooked fish, most respondents were still in the pre-contemplation phase (55.1%, 95% CI:50.0-60.1), followed by the contemplation phase, 22.6%. Furthermore, four factors were found to be associated with the consumption of uncooked fish - the consumption of alcohol (OR 4.16, 95% CI:1.79-9.65), gender (OR 3.17, 95% CI:1.53-6.54), smoking (OR 3.03, 95% CI:1.31-7.05), and age 40 years and above (OR 2.68, 95% CI:1.02-7.05). After nine months of the health education and communication programme using local media based on local wisdom, culture and persons, the results showed that, compared to the control group, members of the experimental group had a higher level of knowledge, a better attitude and lower levels of ill-advised consumption behaviour. Also, it was found that consumption of uncooked fish, by an assessment of the level of stage of change, was reduced. (p-value 0.002). Conclusions: The health education and communication programme developed as part of the study was effective in changing the consumption of uncooked fish. Therefore, this approach should be promoted in other high-risk areas in Thailand in the future.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2005

The ichthyofauna and structure of the fish community of Hapcheon Lake on the Hwang River were surveyed at six localities from May 2004 to Feb. 2005. There were 36 species belonging to 31 genera and 12 families in the Hapcheon Lake system. Of these, 24 species (66.7%) were cyprinids; cobitids and centropomids were next with 2 species (5.6%) each. The dominant species in the Hapcheon Lake system was Hemiculter eigenmanni (relative abundance 28.4%), the subdominant species Hemibarbus labeo (24.1%). Ten species (28.3%) of the 36 were Korean endemic species. Among the endemic species, H. eigenmanni and Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae were abundant at each locality except site 6, but the eight other species were rare. In biomass, H. labeo comprised about 36.5% of the total weight, H. eigenmanni 22.3%, Cyprinus carpio 7.5%, Hypomesus nipponensis 6.9%, Culter brevicauda 3.7% and Lepomis macrochirus 3.6%. Average dominance, diversity, and evenness index of the fish community collected from six localities in the Hapcheon Lake system were 0.21, 0.85, and 0.67, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

We examined monthly variations in community structure of larval fish assemblage in the coastal waters of south-central Korea in spring and summer, 2016. A total of 31 taxa of larvae were collected during the study period. Engraulis japonicus larvae were predominated in spring than summer. The larvae of Cynoglossus abbreviates, a spring spawners, were exclusively collected in spring, while those of Nibea albiflora, a summer spawners, were exclusively caught in summer. Due to those seasonal differences in abundance of the dominant species, larval fish community was divided into two main seasonal groups (i.e. April~May and June~August). In addition, summer group was divided into two significant subgroups (June~July and August). During August, the larvae of E. japonicus and N. albiflora sharply decreased in abundance due to abnormally high sea water temperature that was raised up to $28^{\circ}C$, with the temperature being out of range of their optimum spawning temperature.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.3 s.91
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• pp.274-281
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• 2000

The dynamic of fish community was investigated in the Wonju stream from March 1998 to February 1999. The collected species during the surveyed period were 24 species belonging to eight families. Eight species (33%) of them were endemic species of Korea. According to relative abundance in the studied areas, Moroco oxycephalus (30.7%), Zacco platypus (29.6%), Carassius auratus (10%), Pseudogobio esocinus (9.4%) and Rhinogobius brunneus (3.6%) dominated. Hemibarbus longirostris, Pungtungia herzi, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Zacco temmincki, Cobitis rotundicaudata, Silurus asotus, Silurus microdorsalis and Micropterus salmoides were rare to the areas, which occupied less than 0.1% in relative abundance. Dominant species was M. oxycephalus (Kumda-ri, Kwanseol-dong, Hanggu-dong, heongyang-ri), Z. platypus (Gaeun-dong) and C. auratus (Jusan-ri). It was revealed by the analysis of community that St. 3 was the most diverse among all study stations. Coreoleuciscus splendidus and Coreopera herzi have been assumed vanished in the Wonju stream. The species occurring in suddenly decreasing trend were Microphysogobio yaluensis, Liobagrus andersoni, Cottus poecilopus and R. brunneus. The species occurring in representative increasing trend were Cyprinus carpio, C. auratus, P. esocinus, M. oxycephalus, and Z. platypus.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1999

The fish fauna, notified species, and fish community was studied at the six stations in a 18km section of the Ungchon stream, a mountain stream in Korea, where a new dam is planned from 1994 to 1996. Twentynine species (11 families, 25 genera) were found. Nine species were endemic to Korea. The Dominant specie in the studied area were Zacco temmincki, Z. platypus and Squalidus gracilis majimae. Some of the korean endemic species (Coreoperca herzi) including the Korean endangered species such as Pseudopungtudgia nigra and Liobagrus obesus were not found in this stream anymore. The average of area density was 0.69 individuals per square meter and the volume density was 1.45 individuals per cubic meter. Species diversity was highest in the middle region. According to community correlation coefficients of six stations, similality coefficients of station one, four, five and six were higher than others, but no significant difference in the composition of fish fauna was found between six study staions.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze chemical water quality, fish trophic guilds, tolerance indicators, and fish community conditions in the Gap Stream and to compare the stream conditions between the unimpacted site and impacted site. This study was conducted in the physically stable season (May 2008) to minimize physical impacts such as flow and hydrological disturbance, and applied the study in the Gap Stream with two sites of unimpacted upstream site (Unim-S), mainly surrounded by forested area and impacted site (Im-S), influenced by the wastewater disposal plants and industrial complex in the urban region. Chemical data analysis showed that the degree of organic matter pollution, based on BOD, and COD, was $2{\sim}3$ fold greater in the Im-S than the Unim-S, and that TP, as eutrophication indicators, was 4.7 fold greater in the Im-S. Also, $NH_3-N$ was in 8.2 fold greater in the Im-S ($6.25\;mg\;L^{-1}$) than the Unim-S ($0.76\;mg\;L^{-1}$), indicating a massive influence of wastewater from the disposal plant. Similar results were found in other chemical parameters. Thus, chemical impacts in the Im-S were evident, compared to the unimpacted site. Evaluations of tolerant indicator species indicated that sensitive species were dominant in the Unim-S (23.9%) and tolerant species were dominant (97.8%) in the Im-S. Condition factor (CF) was averaged 0.95 ($0.68{\sim}1.18$) in the Unim-S and 1.08 ($0.93{\sim}1.22$) in the Im-S. Fish community in the Unim-S and Im-S was categorized as Zacco-community and Hemibarbus-community, respectively, and the community diversity index (H') was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Unim-S (0.810) than the Im-S (0.466). Overall, our results suggest that the comparison approach of various chemical and ecological indicators provide important information in identifying multiple stressors in the stream ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.50-69
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• 2014

Freshwater fish fauna and community structure were investigated at thirty seven stations in the Yeong river, Nakdong river system, Korea from March to October 2013. During the surveyed period thirty nine species and two types belonging to thirteen families were collected. In this collection fishes of Cyprinidae were most numerous possessing 61.0% of all. There were seventeen Korean endemic species including Acheilognathus koreensis, two endangered species such as Koreocobitis naktongensis and Microphysogobio koreensis and two exotic species such as Oncorhynchus mykiss and Micropterus salmoides. Fish species transferred from other native rivers were three species such as Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, Pseudobagrus koreanus and Hypomesus nipponensis. Dominant species based on the number of individuals was Zacco koreanus NS (23.24%) and sub-dominant species were Z. koreanus NE (12.72%) and Z. platypus R (12.35%). The community analysis revealed that the structure of fish community in the Yeong river was very stable and diverse in having diversity 1.134, evenness 0.703, dominance 0.110 and species richness 4.348. Fish community was divided into four groups based on similarity indices among surveyed stations such as upper reach, mid-upper reach, middle reach and lower reach group.