• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 2013

Analysis of the fish community in the Lagoon Cheongcho, Korea, was investigated in 2008 and in 2012. A total 48 species, belonging to 26 falmilies, were sampled during the period. The dominant species was Tribolodon hakonensis (75.2%), and subdominant species were Acanthogobius flavimanus (5.4%), Pungitius kaibarae (3.1%). The results of the fish ecotypes according to origin of water body was compared by surveyed year, freshwater fish was reduced, whereas those of brackish water and seawater fishes were increased. Moreover, the result of similarity analysis based on species and individuals in five lagoons were divided into 2 major groups based on their similarity, and Lagoon Cheongcho was included group 'A' with Lagoon Gyeongpo, as having a montinous inflow of seawater. Hence, according to the characterization according to the analysis of fish community, Lagoon Cheongcho has lost the characteristics of a lagoon, and oceanization is considerably progressed. Therefore, we are considering the provision of a management strategy for hydrarch succession, as well as continuous research, in order to manage the recovery of essential characteristics of the lagoon ecosystem. Hence, according to the characterization according to the analysis of fish community, Lagoon Cheongcho has lost the characteristics of a lagoon, and oceanization is considerably progressed. Therefore, we are considering the provision of a management strategy for hydrarch succession, as well as continuous research, in order to manage the recovery of essential characteristics of the lagoon ecosystem.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2015

This study investigated the difference in fish community structures in a main channel and an isolated former channel, considering the environmental factors in the Mangyeong River, Korea. Principal component analysis (PCA) with environmental factors showed that former channels were composed of a fine substrate covered by in-stream vegetation, whereas the main channel was covered by a wide range of substrates with a higher dissolved oxygen and conductivity. The result of the hierarchical cluster analysis with species abundance delineated to the four main groups; three abandoned channel groups and one main channel group. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) showed that fish community structures of each study site differed from environmental factors: former channel fish communities were positively related to in-stream vegetation cover, whereas main channel fish communities were positively associated with dissolved oxygen and conductivity. The results indicated that channelization, where there was a separation between the former channel and the main channel, had detrimental effects on fish community structures of both the main channel and the abandoned channel in the Mangyeong River. In conclusion, this study suggested that the connectivity between the main channel and abandoned channel were required to enhance both habitat structural diversity and species diversity of the Mangyeong River.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.780-786
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• 2010

The bacterial community structure in biological reactor in wastewater treatment system was investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Samples were collected at different three points in wastewater treatment system. Through treatment processes, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) of was removal efficiency was 83.1~98.6%, 67.2~85.2% respectively. Microbial community of aerobic tank and oxic tank were similar but anoxic tank was different (RRP group was increased about tripple) by DGGE and FISH in sludge (2007 October and 2008 January). Samples in 2007 October and 2008 January were dominant ${\alpha}$-Proteobacteria and CF group respectively. Sludge in 2008 April were different comparing former results dominant others as 65~80%. Others group was dominant. Eubacteria by FISH with the probe EUB338 was about $1.7{\sim}7.6{\times}10^9\;cells/mL$. It could be successfully observed bacterial community in biological wastewater system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.195-206
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• 2021

In 2020, South Korea initiated research and development of a longitudinal connectivity evaluation between upstream and downstream based on stream ecosystem health. This study analyzed the migration of upstream and downstream migratory fish species, fish distribution characteristics, trophic guilds, tolerance guilds, and species composition changes from 2015 to 2020 at Songrim weir in Yeongok stream, where the cross-structure of an ice harbor-type fishway for fish movement was recently improved. A total of 5,136 fish, including 36 species, were collected and three major migratory fishes were identified, namely, Tribolodon hakonensis, Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis, and Oncorhynchus keta. According to the comparative analysis before (Pre-I) and after (Post-I) improvement of the fishway, the relative abundance of primary freshwater fish increased in the upstream section, while the number of migratory fishes decreased. The fish species that used the fishway in the Songrim weir were Tribolodon hakonensis (58.4%) and Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis(11.8%). According to the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test migratory fish showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the upstream and downstream, showing a biological improvement effect of the crossstructure. On the other hand, the annual change of migratory fish based on the MannKendall trend test did not significantly increase or decrease (p>0.05). Therefore, in the fish passage improvement project, it is necessary not only for physical, hydrological, and structural tests, but also for pre- and post-biological tests on the use and improvement effect of fishway.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2001

For elucidating the effect of salinity to the effect of wastewater treatment, the heterotrophic bacterial numbers, total bacterial numbers, and the bacterial community structure by FISH method were analyzed. The total bacterial numbers were not significantly changed by the salinity. But the heterotrophic bacterial numbers and bacterial community structures were drastically changed by the increase of salinity. In case of 1% salinity, the heterotrophic bacterial numbers and structure were slightly changed comparing to those of contol. In case of 2% and higher salinities, the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria and the proportions of Eubacteria, Proteobacteria $\alpha$-group, $\rho$-group and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium groups were deceasing. By these results, the salinity stress to bacterial community in waste water treatment was unveiled, and for sustaining the waste water treatment system, the salinity should be lower than 1%.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2010

The pathogens and community structure of the fishes in Taehwa river were investigated from March 2007 to January 2009. During the study period, 3,504 individuals belonging to 35 species, 17 families and 9 orders were collected. The numerically dominant and subdominat species were Opsarichthys uncirostris (relative abundance 39.7%) and Hemibarbus labeo (relative abundance 30.9%). There were five Korean endemic species (20.8%) including Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, Zacco koreanus, Cobitis hankugensis, Coreoperca herzi, Odontobutis platycephala. The large fishes like Hemibarbus labeo or Opsarichthys uncirostris were gathered around the Samho bridge, sampling site 2 according to a season. The reaction to which two kinds of fish pathogenic virus is all negative and no fish pathogenic bacteria was isolated from 220 individuals. The fish pathogenic parasite not present variously with 7 species. Especially, Trichodina sp. was detected monthly and the infective density was high. But it is cosidered that temporary overcrowding of fish is not influenced mass mortality causing diseases in the specific site of river.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2012

This study was targeted at 91 students living in a boys' high school dormitory and centered on the how the consumption of fish and vegetables changed after students were educated according to nutrition education and cooking methods. First of all, the primary investigation of the leftover amount in the beginning of the semester was conducted five times for five days from March 21st to 25th, 2011. The secondary investigation was conducted with the same diet for five days as well from December 1st to 7th. Then the tertiary investigation was performed eight times from December 12th to 30th, after cooking method changes. There was a difference of the total leftover food amount between the first grade and the second grade during the beginning of the semester, but after the nutrition education there was no difference of the leftover food amount. In particular, leavings of vegetables and fish both significantly decreased in the first grade, after the nutrition education to encourage students to eat fish and vegetables. However, there was no difference in the leftover food amount of the second-grade students who received the education before, between the beginning and the end of the semester. When cooking fish the way students preferred, they had fried fish fillets the most, followed by roasted fish fillets, roasted bone-in fish, and braised fish. There were significant differences. Regarding vegetable, students ate salad the most, followed by Geotjeori and blanch, and there were significant differences.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2022

Fish assemblage of total 325 of Korean peninsula estuaries were surveyed to analyze the characteristics of community structure and diversity by sea areas for three years from 2016 to 2018. The scale (stream width) of Korean estuaries were various (14~3,356 m), and 68.9% of all estuaries showed salinity of less than 2 psu. Total 149 species classified into 52 families of fish were identified, and the dominant and sub-dominant species were Tribolodon hakonensis (relative abundance, RA, 12.5%) and Mugil cephalus (RA, 9.5%), respectively. The estuary of the Korean Peninsula had different physical and chemical habitat environments depending on the sea area, and accordingly, fish community structure also showed statistically significant differences (PERMANOVA, Pseudo-F=26.69, P=0.001). In addition, the NMDS (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) results showed the patterns that indicating fish community difference by sea areas, even though low community similarity within sea area (SIMPER, 21.79~26.39%). The estuaries of east sea areas were distinguished from the others in the aspects of which, the higher importance of migratory fishes and endangered species, and that of brackish species were characterized at south sea estuaries. However, the estuaries of west sea showed higher importance of species that have a relation with freshwater (primary freshwater species, exotic species), which is the result that associating with the lower salinity of west sea estuaries because of the high ratio of closed estuaries(78.2%). The SIMPER analysis, scoring the contribution rates of species to community similarity, also showed results corresponding to the tendency of different fish community structures according to each sea area. So far, In Korea, most studies on fish communities in estuaries have been conducted in a single estuary unit, which made it difficult to understand the characteristics of estuaries at the national level, which are prerequisite for policy establishment. In present study, we are providing fish community structure characteristics of Korean estuaries in a national scale, including diversity index, habitat salinity ranges of major species, distribution of migratory species. We are expecting that our results could be utilized as baseline information for establishing management policies or further study of Korean estuaries.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 2018

Seasonal variations in the community structure of larval fish assemblage in Jinhae Bay were investigated in February, May, August and November of 2015, and in the same months in 2016. During the study period, a total of 28 larvae species belonging to 24 families were collected. The dominant species were Clupea pallasii, Liparis tanakae, Callionymidae sp., Sillago japonica, Ernogrammus hexagrammus and Engraulis japonica. These six species accounted for 77.6% of the total number of larvae during the survey period. The larvae of C. pallasii and L. tanakae were exclusively caught in February 2015 and 2016, while those of Apogon lineatus and Sillago japonica were exclusively caught in August 2015 and 2016. Overall, species diversity of the fish larvae was highest in February and August, although it was relatively low in May. The results of the non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis using the number of individual larval fish showed that they are divided into four seasonal groups. Our results showed that the community of larval fish in Jinhae Bay was affected by seasonal changes in temperature and the emergence of spawning fish species. Additionally, we suggest that the high abundance of larval fish came from around Jam-do and the northern part of Chilcheon-do; these locations are the main spawning grounds of Jinhae Bay.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.70-80
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• 2019

Ichthyofauna and community structure of fish were studied for two fisheries resource reserves, Chuncheon reservoir and Andong reservoir from 2017 to 2018. Fish were sampled 8 times at each reservoir. In Chuncheon reservoir, total number of fish sampled was 1,197 representing 34 species and 13 families. Dominant species and sub-dominant species were Lepomis macrochirus (23.2%) and Zacco platypus (17.4%), respectively. In Andong reservoir, total number of fish sampled was 1,393 representing 24 species and 9 families. Dominant species and sub-dominant species were L. macrochirus (15.7%) and Carassius carassius (15.2%), respectively. The diversity index of two sampling site increased compared to previous investigation. The evenness index was not changed much in Andong reservoir but increased in Chuncheon reservoir. Ichthyofauna and community structure of fish at sampling sites in both reservoirs maintained stable except high proportion of exotics species with needed to be reduced by consistent effort. For better fish population in these communities, however, various efforts such as seed stocking and installment of artificial spawning ground should be provided to these reservoirs.