• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.811-815
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• 1994

In this study the quantity and the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were investigated with using gas chromatography after non-polar lipid of the flint corn in the growing period was extracted with the solution of chloroform : methanol (2 : 1) and then separated by the SACC method. Neutral lipid was separated into monoglyceride(MG), 1, 3-diglyceride (1, 3-DG) , free fatty acid (FFA) , triglyceride (TG), cholesteryl ester (CE). Fatty acid of each spot was mainly composed of linoleic , oleic and palmitic acids. Lonolieic acid decreased in MG(54.5-51.4%), CE(31.3-28.9%) but increased ini TG(57.2-63.8%) during growth process. Olec acid increased in MG(25.7-29.3%), 1, 3-DG(24.7-28.9%), CE(16.7-19.9%) but decreased in TG28.6-23.1%). Palmitic acid decreased in MG(12.8-11.5%), FFA(25.7-24.1%), TG(10.4-9.3%) but increased in CE(26.4-31.5%) during a growth process. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid in TG(7.01-7.84%) was higher in five spots of neutral lipid and in 1, 3-DG(4.61-4.16%) decreased growth process but increased in MG(5.06-5.60%), TG(7.01-7.84%).

• 청정기술
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2021

본 연구는 네팔산 자트로파 오일을 원료로 사용하여 바이오디젤을 제조하는 불균일 촉매를 사용하는 2-step 공정에 초점을 맞추었다. 첫 번째 단계로, 네팔산 자트로파 오일에 함유된 FFA의 에스테르화 반응에서 Amberlyst-15의 재사용 횟수가 FFA의 에스테르화 반응에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 두 번째로, 돌로마이트 비드 촉매를 적용한 전이에스테르화 반응의 scale-up 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 네팔산 자트로파 씨앗 120 kg을 이용하여 30 L (27 kg)의 자트로파 오일을 얻었으며 씨앗으로부터의 오일 수득율은 약 25.0 wt%이다. 자트로파 오일의 산가와 FFA 함량은 각각 11.3 mgKOH g^-1 및 5.65%로 측정되었다. 비드형태의 Amberlyst-15 촉매를 사용하여 자트로파 오일의 에스테르화 반응을 수행한 결과, 신규 Amberlyst-15 촉매를 사용한 경우 반응 생성물의 산가는 0.26 mgKOH g^-1까지 낮출 수 있었다. Amberlyst-15 촉매의 재생을 거듭할수록 Amberlyst-15 촉매가 비활성화되어 에스테르화 반응 성능이 저하됨을 알 수 있다. 비활성화의 원인은 촉매가 부서짐과 동시에 불순물이 침적되기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 자트로파 오일의 에스테르화 반응에 Amberlyst-15 촉매를 5회까지 반복하여 재사용할 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 두 번째 단계인 전이에스테르화 반응에는 돌로마이트 촉매를 비드 형태로 대량 제조하여 사용하였다. 돌로마이트 비드 촉매가 90 g 장착된 spinning catalyst basket 반응기에서 전처리된 자트로파 오일의 전이에스테르화 반응을 통해서 반응 시작 후 2 h 후에 바이오 디젤 89.1 wt%에 도달하였으며, 이는 동일한 조건에서 soybean oil 의 전이에스테르화 반응 실험 결과와 거의 유사하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2006

Objectives : Ginseng Research Group in Korea Food Research Institute developed Saeng Mac San (KFRI-2)and Je Ho Tang (KFRI-3) with their sensory factors more acceptable. And we examined their effects on the short-term recovery capacity for cycling exercise (EX) maintained to all-out. Methods : Seven healthy young subjects (aged $24.0{\pm}2.1yr$) were volunteered at this double blind test. Each of KFRI-2, 3, a commercial sport beverage and control (CON) was offered randomly on a series of EX protocol including 65% VO2max-90min EX (D-ride). 1h-recovery and 85% VO2max EX to all-out (P-ride) under the control of their heart rate (HR) and rating perception of exertion (RPE). Blood samples were collected before D-ride, 30, 60 and 90min in D-ride, 30 and 60min in the recovery period and each 10min in P-ride. Plasma analysis items were glucose, insulin, cortisol (CORT), testosterone (TEST), free fatty acid (FFA), $Na^+$, Cl-and $K^+$. The collected data (Means${\pm}$SE) were analysed by two-way ANOVA and statistically significant differences between treatments (p<0.05) by LSD.; the significant level in FFA, $Na^+$, Cl-and $Na^+$ was p<0.01 Results : At 30min during recovery. plasma glucose level in KFRI-3 was significantly higher than CON, and also insulin in KFRI-3 was than CON and KFRI-2. FFA in KFRI-3 was significantly lower than CON during recovery. $Na^+$ in KFRI-3 significantly higher than CON at 90min in D-ride, and also KFRI-2 was at 60min during recovery. However CORT, TEST, Cl-and $Na^+$ in treated beverages were not significant. KFRI-2, 3 elevated the time for P-ride more than CON did. Conclusions : KFRI-2, 3 elevated the time for P-ride about 12% more than CON did. It is based on rapid recovery of plasma glucose level and inhibition of lipolysis during recovery.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.176-179
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• 2001

The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic activity and lipid metabolism of ethanol (EtOH) extract from the aleurone layer of anthocyanin-pigmented (AP) rice in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 210~240 g were divided into 4 groups, normal, diabetic control, and two experimental groups, and diabetes in rats was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg/kg, body weight) into tail vein. The EtOH extract of the powdered aleurone layer of AP rice was administered orally in diabetic rats for 14 days. In order to find the hypoglycemic effects in the animal model, the body weight, plasma glucose levels, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine amino- transferase activities (ALT) were determined. Oral administration of 1.0 81kg on the EtOH extract for 14 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose, ALT, TG and FFA. However, in the case of 2.0 g/kg, the hypo-glycemic effects were not considerable. This results suggest that the EtOH extract might induce hypoglycemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats due to some photochemical components in the aleurone layer of AP rice.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.303-307
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• 2001

반응표면분석법을 이용하여 우지의 고온, 고압가수분해 공정조건을 최적화 시키고자 하였다. 이때 선정된 공정의 독립변수로는 반응온도, 반응압력 그리고 fat/water ratio이었으며 이에 대한 중속변수로는 TG, FFA, 1,3-DG, 2,3-DG 그리고 MG을 선정하였다. 반응압력을 이산화탄소를 이용하여 가수분해반응속도를 증가시키고자 하였지만 지방산 생성농도에는 커다란 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 지방산 생성농도에 대해서는 다른 공정변수들에 비해 반응온도에 크게 의존하였고, Derringer-Suich 방법을 이용한 지방산 생성농도를 최적화 시킬 수 있는 조건으로는 반응온도 $271^{\circ}C$ 반응압력 86 bar 그리고 far/water ratio 106.08g/133.92g를 얻었으며 이 조건에서 3시간동안 가수분해하여 얻은 FFA생성농도는 96.49%로 얻었다. 통계적 분석에 이용된 자료들은 유의성 검증, 적합결여, 그리고 잔차분석 등을 해석한 결과 모든 자료가 95%이상의 신뢰도를 가지므로 매우 유익한 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2003

This study was carried out to find a cholesterol removal rate, flavor development and bitter amino acid productions in Cheddar cheese treated with $\beta$-cyclodextrin (CD): 1) Control (no homogenization, no $\beta$-CD), and 2) Milk treatment (1000 psi milk homogenization, 1% $\beta$-CD). The cholesterol removal of the cheese was 79.3%. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) increased with a ripening time in both control and milk treated cheese. The releasing quantity of short-chain FFA was higher in milk treated cheese than control at 5 and 7 mo ripening. Not much difference was found in neutral volatile compound production between samples. In bitter-tasted amino acids, milk treatment group produced much higher than control. In sensory analysis, texture score of control Cheddar cheese significantly increased with ripening time, however, that in cholesterol-reduced cheese decreased dramatically. Our results indicated that the cheese made by $\beta$-CD treated milk with low pressure homogenization showed an effective cholesterol reduction and a rapid cheese ripening, while no capture of flavor compounds by $\beta$-CD.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.83-86
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• 1987

냉이의 지질성분을 추출(抽出)정제하여 silicic acid column chromatographyy, TLC, GLC등을 이용하여 지방질의 조성 및 지방산조성을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 냉이의 엽(葉)과 근(根)의 총지질을 분획한 결과는 각각 중성지질 62.6%, 58.5% 당지질 20.8%, 17.8% 및 인지질 16.6%, 23.7%이였다. 2. 냉이의 엽(葉)과 근(根)의 중성지질 중에는 각각 TG가 77.5%, 80.3%로 가장 많이 함유했고, SE 9.2%, 8.4% FFA 4.8%, 3.8%, 12-DG 4.1%, 3.6% FS 2.2%, 2.2% 및 1.3-DG 1.3%, 1.0%순이었다. 3. 각 지방질분획의 지방산조성은 다같이 linoleic acid, palmiric acid, oleic acid가 지방산이었다. 그리고 불포화도는 냉이 엽(葉)의 NL, GL, PL은 각각 78.0%, 66.6% 및 75.2%이고 냉이 근(根)의 NL GL 및 PL은 66.1%, 63.6% 및 6.12%였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 자외선 조사와 함께 녹차 추출물 식이를 10주간 공급한 무모생쥐 (GTE군)의 표피 pH 관련 인자의 함량과 LDH 효소의 단백질 발현 및 활성 변화를 자외선 비조사군 (UV-군) 및 자외선 조사군 (UV+군)과 비교 분석하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. UV+군의 피부 pH는 UV-군보다 유의적으로 증가한 반면 GTE군의 피부 pH는 UV+군에 비해 감소하였으며 그 감소 정도는 UV-군과 유사하였다. UV+군의 젖산 함량은 UV-군에 비해 현저히 감소한 반면 GTE군의 젖산 함량은 UV+군에 비해 증가하였다. UV+군과 UV-군의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 군간 유사하였으나 GTE군의 총 유리아미노산 함량은 UV-군에 비해 현저히 증가하였다. UV+군 및 GTE군의 총 유리지방산 함량은 군간 차이 없이 모두 UV-군에 비해 감소하였으며, GTE군에서 주요 유리지방산인 PA, OA 및 LA의 개별 함량은 모두 UV-군과 유사하거나 감소하였다. UV+군의 LDH 단백질 발현 및 활성은 UV-군에 비해 유의적으로 감소한 반면, GTE군의 LDH 단백질 발현 및 활성은 모두 UV+군보다 증가하였으며 특히 LDH 활성의 증가 정도는 UV-군과 유사하였다. 결론적으로 자외선 조사와 병행된 녹차 추출물 식이 공급은 LDH 발현 및 활성 증가와 함께 젖산 과 총 유리아미노산 함량을 증가시켰으며 궁극적으로 자외선 조사에 의해 증가된 피부 pH를 정상화시켰다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.921-926
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential hypolipidemic effect of adlay extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifty six rats were fed either a control diet or adlay extract diets of : Methanol 1%(Ml%) ; Methanol 2%(M2%) ; Methanol 4%(M4%) ; Chloroform-Methanol 1%(CMl%) ; Chloroform-Methanol 2%(CM2%) ; Chloroform-Methanol 4%(CM4%) for 3 weeks. The amount of extracts added was 1%, 2% or 4% by diet weight respectively. The levels of glucose, total cholesterol(TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), free-fatty acid(FFA) and triglyceride(TG) in plasma, liver and skeletal muscle were compared. Among diabetic rats, there were no significant differences in the plasma level of glucose and TC regardless of a different extraction procedure or different amount of extracts added. While the plasma 7G level tended to increase with times passed in diabetic control group, was not increased with times passed in CM groups and was significantly lower in CM groups at 3rd week. Compared to the diabetic control group, the levels of FFA tended to be lower in all M groups and were not different in all CM groups. The levels of HDL-cholesterol were not different in all M groups and were significantly lower in all CM groups than diabetic control group. Compared to diabetic control group, liver triglyceride level was lower in M4% group and no significant difference was seen in Ml%, M2% and all CM groups. Muscle triglyceride level tended to be lower in Ml%, M2% and CM2% group and significantly was lower in M4% and CM4% group. Thus, it can be suggested that a CM extract of adllay could have a potential hypotriglyceridemic effect on diabetic subjects. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) : 921∼926, 1998)

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2015

Grape products have been known to exert greater antioxidant and anti-obesity than anti-hyperglycemic effects in animals and humans. Omija is used as an ingredient in traditional medicine, and it is known to have an anti-hyperglycemic effect. We investigated whether the combined extracts of grape pomace and omija fruit (GE+OE) could reduce fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic tissues and provide beneficial effects against hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice. C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed either a normal control diet or GE+OE (0.5% grape pomace extract and 0.05% omija fruit extract, w/w) for 7 weeks. GE+OE decreased plasma leptin and resistin levels while increasing adiponectin levels and reducing the total white adipose tissue weight. Furthermore, GE+OE lowered plasma free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride, and total-cholesterol levels as well as hepatic FFA and cholesterol levels. Hepatic fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased in the GE+OE group, whereas hepatic ${\beta}$-oxidation activity was increased. Furthermore, GE+OE supplementation not only reduced hyperglycemia and pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell failure but also lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma insulin levels. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels was also decreased and the decrease seems to be mediated by the lowered activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases. The present data suggest that GE+OE may have the potential to reduce hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes.