• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.77-86
• /
• 1991

Changes in total lipid content. total cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of human milk were investigated longitudinaly from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum Milk samples were collected from 19 Korean lactating women at 2-5 days and at 1. 2. 4. 6. and 12 weeks postpartum. The obtained results were as follows : On average the daily energy intake protein intake and fat intake of Korean lactating women was 1812 kcal 72.5g and 29.8g respectively. The composition ratio of energy consis-ting of protein fat and carbohydrate was 16:15:69 The total lipid content increased from 1.39g/이 at 2-5 days to 2.86g/dl at 12 weeks ; while the total cholesterol concentration (mg/g) decreased significantly with time following postpartum. The total unsaturated fatty acids content was higher in colostrum than in mature milk. and the total saturated fatty acids were higher in mature milk. The average DHA content was 0.55% and the P/S ratio of human milk lipids was 0.37.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.4.1-4.9
• /
• 2020

Growth of fish is controlled by various environmental factors, including water temperature (WT). WT is also a major factor that affects the eating behavior of fish. In this study, we studied the relationship between WT and expression profiles of factors involved in appetite regulation and digestion in red spotted grouper. Fish were divided into three groups with 30 fish per group and reared for 2 weeks in a recirculating system at three different WT (natural WT, 20 ℃, and 25 ℃). After 2 weeks, they were sacrificed immediately after food intake (+ 0 h), 3 h after (+ 3 h), 6 h after (+ 6 h), and 3 h before being fed the next day (- 3 h). Fish samples were obtained for analysis of mRNA expression levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin A (LepA), leptin B (LepB), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the brain, liver, and intestine. Expression of CCK and NPY mRNA was significantly higher at 25 ℃ compared to that at natural WT and 20 ℃, but no difference was observed for leptin. This suggests that the red spotted grouper shows characteristics typical of subtropical fish and has higher levels of feeding and digestion when reared at 25 ℃ water temperature condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.854-856
• /
• 2011

A vent relief valve for oxidizer tank has been designed for liquid propellant feeding system of the space launch vehicle. The vent relief valve ensures oxidizer tank ventilation during filling and its protection from overpressure after filling. Tank ventilation during filling is ensured by vent valve and tank protection is ensured by combined operation of relief valve and vent valve. Numerical analysis predicted that pneumatic behavior and dynamic characteristics met the valve requirements. After manufacturing the prototype model, we have been conducting the tests to evaluate the performance of the vent relief valve.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.09b
• /
• pp.951-951
• /
• 2005

The characteristics of Boussinesq starting forced plumes were investigated in this study. Two distinct periods in the transient plume penetration were identified, namely the Period of Flow Development (PFD) and Period of Developed Flow (PDF). PFD refers to the time period whereby the penetration rate is governed by the complex vortex dynamics initiated by the exit conditions that can include vortex coalescence, vortex leapfrogging, pinching off of the head vortex from the trailing stem and the eventual reconnection. The pinch-off and reconnection leads to an overshoot of the plume front which is a common observation reported in previous studies. The penetration rate in PDF is more predictable and depends on the continuous feeding of buoyancy and momentum into the head vortex by the trailing buoyant-jet stem. Similarity solutions are developed for PDF to describe the temporal variation of the penetration rate, by incorporating the behavior of an isolated buoyant vortex ring and recent laboratory results on the trailing buoyant jet. In particular, the variations of velocity ratios between the head vortex and trailing buoyant jet are analytically computed. To verify the similarity solutions, experiments were conducted on vertical starting forced plumes using planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.75-78
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content of the feces of the $5^th$ instar larvae in a few silkworm species such as a parent domestic silkworm (Jam134), a hybrid (Kumok-jam), the Japanese oak silkworm, and the Chinese oak silkworm. The major minerals of all silkworms throughout all $5^th$ instar larval period are K, P, Mg and Ca, and the result is consistent with the previous study of the mineral content in the mulberry leaves. Although the calcium content decreased sharply at $7^th$ day of the $5^th$ instar, the crude protein content significantly increased at the same age in both domestic silkworms, suggesting a direct relationship between feeding behavior of the silkworms at the larval period and mineral/protein contents. However, this trend was not observed in both oak silkworms. In the comparison of the mineral content among silkworm species, two domestic silkworms were significantly higher in the calcium content compared with two oak silkworms, and the hybrid Kumok-jam was further higher significantly than the feces of parental Jam 143. Excluding the calcium content, overall no significant content variation in other minerals was observed among four silkworm species studied in this study.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.233-236
• /
• 2000

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the most widely used microbial insecticide in the biological control market. Cultivation of the microorganism to high cell densities offers potential for enhancing the rate of formation as well as the concentration of the desired products In the fermentation broths in bioreactor. With this objective, we developed the new bioreactor incorporating ceramic membrane module for the retention of cell mass. Cell yield and spore formation of Bacillus thuringiensis was improved markedly by adopting this new bioreactor based on glucose -limited feeding operation. It was possible to grow the cell and the heat-resistant spore to above $1.2\;{\times}\;10^{10}\;CFU/ml$ density. With glucose-limited operation, we studied the growth behavior of Bacillus thuringiensis during the cell retention culture. Linear growth of Bacillus thuringiensis was observed under glucose-limited culture, which matched well with simple mathematical model of cell retention culture.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.57-64
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze web sites that provide child-care information and to provide a proper model for child-care web sites. Method: The evaluation tool with 23 items including purpose, contents, timeliness and reliability, interaction, and function was developed and modified. Quantitative analyses of 48 web sites, which were selected using popular search engines, were done. Result: 1) The aim of the web site was clearly shown for 24 sites (63.2%) and 17 sites (44.7%) provided the information for judging whether the informant was an expert. 2) Most web sites provided information on feeding, nutrition, and common health problems, and 11 sites provided information on care of problem behavior, but only 6 sites provided information on mother-infant interaction. 3) Timely information was provided on 21 sites, however none of the sites provided information sources. 4) Methods for contact the authors were found for 31 sites (81.6%) and 19 sites (50%) had active bulletin boards to receive opinions from users. 5) There were 32 sites where information could be found by clicking less than 3 times. Conclusion: We suggest that the evaluation criteria for child-care web sites used in this study is a tool that can be used to evaluate web sites with consistency, but there is a need for further study to develop standardization of the evaluating tool.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2005

Foraging behaviour of false dace, Pseudorasbora parva, was investigated in water flowing at various velocities with the existence of a cavity for rest. The pursuit comprised three succeeding processes such as, approaching, chasing and attacking. Angles between the fish body and the water flow direction and swimming speeds increased in the latter stages of approaching, chasing and attacking. All pursuit angles, swimming speeds and distances increased with flow velocity and peaked at the flow velocity of 7 cm/sec. At higher velocities, however, the fish avoided the use of much energy against the large drag force. The probability of capture and the feeding rate steadily decreased with increasing flow velocity. Under the fast flow, the fish adjusted their swimming speed to get the optimum velocity relative to the flowing water for the energetic budget. Fish spent more time in the cavity as flow velocity increased to avoid the energy expenditure necessitated by the high velocity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.227-237
• /
• 2013

In Jeju Island, red sea bream is mainly caught by long line with a live squid as bait. The movements of artificial jigs in the fishery are supposed to be an important factor for catching the target organism as well as bait. To develop new fishing method for long line fishery, movements of the bait which was squid were tried to be characterized. In a water tank experiment, a live squid was hooked by a fish hook attached to a model long line. And then movements of squids in the water tank were recorded for 20 minutes by a video camera. Recorded movement of the squid was just periodically up-and-down moving, with a dominant frequency of 0.125Hz, and amplitude of 10.8cm.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2012

Noonan syndrome is characterized by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology, and congenital heart defects. The main facial features of Noonan syndrome are hypertelorism with down-slanting palpebral fissures, ptosis, and low-set posteriorly-rotated ears with a thickened helix. The cardiovascular defects most commonly associated with this condition are pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other associated features are webbed neck, chest deformity, mild intellectual deficit, cryptorchidism, poor feeding in infancy, bleeding tendency, and lymphatic dysplasias. The patient is a 10-year-old boy. He had experienced repeated febrile convulsions. He had typical facial features, a short stature, chest deformity, cryptorchidism, vesicoureteral reflux, and mental retardation. His language and motor development were delayed. When he went to school, it was difficult for him to pay attention, follow directions, and organize tasks. He also displayed behavior such as squirming, leaving his seat in class, and running around inappropriately. Clinical observation is important for the diagnosis, so we report a patient who was diagnosed with Noonan syndrome, mental retardation, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.