• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.510-514
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• 1997

The thin film that is electrically conductive and optically transparent is called conductive transparent thin film. ITO(Indium-Tin Oxide) which is a kind of conductive transparent thin film has been widely used in solar cell, transparent electrical heater, selective optical filter, FDP(Flat Display Panel) such as LCD(Liquid Crystal Display), PDP(Plasma Display Panel) and so on. Especially in PDP, ITO films is used as a transparent electrode in order to maintain discharge and decrease consumption power through the improvement of cell structure. In this study, we prepared ITO by reactive r.f. sputtering with indium-tin(Sn 10wt%) alloy target instead of indium-tin oxide target. The ITO films deposited at low temperature 15$0^{\circ}C$ and 8% $O_2$. Partial pressure showed about 3.6 Ω/$\square$. At the end of firing, the resistance of ITO was decreased, the optical transparence was improved above 90%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.141-144
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• 1999

MPEG-4 SNHC FBA(face and body animation) group is going to standardize the MPEG-4 system for low-bit rate communication with the implementation and animation of human body and face on virtual environment. In the first version of MPEG-4 standard, only the face object will be implemented and animated by using FDP (face definition parameter) and FAP(facial animation parameter), which are the abstract parameters of human face for low-bit rate coding. In this paper, MPEG-4 SNHC face object and it's animation were implemented based on the computer graphics tools such as VRML and OpenGL.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2000

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents and has been used for traditional medicines as early as 300 B .C. Recently, it has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, local anaesthetic, immunostimulating, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. To investigate activities of chrysin, one of propolis effective compounds for blood coagulation system was injected endotoxin (4000 EU/kg, i.v.) in rats at 1 hr after administered chrysin (20 mg/kg, p.o.). This study was resulted that chrysin has antiplatelet aggregation activity in vitro, delay of blood clotting time and prothrombin time, and reduction of fibrinogen and FDP in vivo. Chrysin has increased SOD activity, GSH content and GST activity, and decreased MDA content in liver. The result suggests that the antithrombosis effect of chrysin is suppressive activity for a blood coagulation system and antioxidative activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.871-872
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• 2009

FDP(Flight Data Processor) is processing of flight data for safety air traffic management. FDPs takes core function in aviation safety. Position estimation of aircraft is a key feature of the FDPs. In this paper, the requirements for position estimation of aircraft was defined.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-29
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• 2019

Microstructure pattern generation on light guides in backlight unit (BLU) is an essential process for designing flat panel display, but efficient designing algorithm is still limited to achieve uniform luminescence while maintaining fully random distribution to avoid interference effects. In this study, a molecular dynamics model based pattern generation algorithm has been developed. The proposed algorithm allows a fast and efficient distribution of patterns at specified density within the user-defined computational cells, and its efficiency and performance has been demonstrated with sample cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.952-963
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• 1998

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)-induced hemostatic defects may result increased possibility of excessive hemorrhage and additional multiple transfusion reactions or reoperation. Particularly, fibrinolytic activation and decreased platelet count and function by CPB were proposed as a predictor of hemorrhage during postoperative periods in several reports. Materials and methods: Present study, which was conducted in 20 adult patients undergoing CPB, was prospectively designed to examine the hematologic changes, including fibrinolytic activation during and after CPB and to clarify the relationships between these changes and the magnitude of the postoperative nonsurgical blood loss. The serial blood samples for measurment of hematologic parameters were taken during operation and postoperative periods. Blood loss was respectively counted via thoracic catheter drainage at postoperative 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and total period. Results: The results were obtained as follows:Platelet count rapidly declined following CPB(p<0.01), which its decreasing rate was an inverse proportion to total bypass time(TBT, r=0.55, p=0.01), And platelet count in postoperative 7th day was barely near to its control value. Fibrinogen degradating product(FDP) and D-dimer level significantly increased during CPB(p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively), and both of fibrinogen and plasminogen concentration correlatively decreased during CPB(r=0.57, p<0.01), implying activation of fibrinolytic system. Postoperative bleeding time (BT), postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT) and postoperative prothrombin time (PT) were significantly prolonged as compare with each control value (p=0.05, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively). Total blood loss was positively correlated with patient's age, aortic clamping time (ACT) and TBT, while there was negative correlation between platelet count and blood loss at pre-CPB, CPB-off and the 1st postoperative day, and in some periods. Postoperative aPTT and postoperative PTwere positively related to postoperative 6 hr and 48 hr blood loss(r=0.53, p=0.02; r=0.43, p=0.05) but not to total blood loss, whereas there was no relationship between postoperative BT and blood loss at any period. Conclusions: These observations suggest that CPB results various hematologic changes, including fibrinolytic activation and severe reduction in platelet count. Diverse factors such as age, platelet count, ACT, TBT and postoperative aPTT and PT may magnify the postoperative bleeding. This study will be a basic reference in understanding CPB-induced hemostatic injuries and in decreasing the postoperative hemorrhage

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1992

Levels of platelets and other hematological values were monitored in 21 Saimiri and 12 Aotus monkeys over a period of three weeks post·infection with monkey·adapted Indochina CDC-1 strain of Plasmedium falciparum. In both Snlinoiri sciureus boliviensis and Aetus nancymai karyotype-1 monkeys the severest thrombocytopenia was observed at 14 days post-infection coinciding with peak parasitemia, neutropenia, Iynlphocytosis, and anemia associated with severe hemoglobinemia and elevated fibrinogen degeneration products(FDP's), MCH and MCV profiles in Aotus monkeys decreased with ascending parasitemia. In contrast, these parameters in Saimiri were characterized by a significant compensatory increase correlating with parasitemia. In general, thrombocytopenia was one of the earliest clinical manifestations of the infection with the platelets returning to normal levels shortly after peak parasitenlia at 14 days. Platelet kinetics had a strong correlation with hematologic and parasitologic values in the Aotus nlodel. No consistent associations were observed between platelet kinetics and other parameters in the Saimiri model. These data indicate that the Aotus model for malaria is more predictable than the Saimiri. Further, platelet turnover rates and recovery provide a useful prognostic parameter during malaria infection. The results are discussed in relation to the value of the two species of monkeys as models for the pathogenesis of human malaria.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.341-353
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• 2016

Purpose: The most important factor in longevity studies of dental prostheses is objective and consistent evaluation of the prosthesis. The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics suggested developing a standardized method for longevity studies of dental prostheses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate previously-used criteria and to develop new criteria, in the form of a procedure flowchart and an evaluation sheet. These new criteria may be able to provide a unified standard for future longevity studies of dental prostheses. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed about the evaluation of dental prostheses. Taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of previously used criteria, a novel, intuitive and objective method was developed for assessment of dental prostheses. Then, a pilot survey was performed with the newly developed flowchart and evaluation sheet to determine problems and implement possible improvements. Results: Thirty cases of fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), 25 cases of removable dental prosthesis (RDP), and 13 cases of implant supported prosthesis (ISP) were evaluated. The average life expectancy estimate was 12.82 years for FDP, 5.96 years for RDP, and 4.82 years for ISP with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Additionally, possible improvements discovered by the pilot survey were reflected in the flowchart and evaluation sheet. Conclusion: The newly developed KAP criteria, flowchart and evaluation sheet enabled objective and consistent results in trial longevity studies of dental prostheses. It is expected that future studies will not only use the KAP criteria but also further improvement will be made on them.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the longevity of failed prosthesis and the success rate of the prosthesis based on the data evaluated with the newly developed Korean Academy of Prosthodontics (KAP) criteria. Materials and methods: Evaluation was performed in the restored prosthesis for patients who visited the prosthodontics department of the 13 dental university hospitals and general hospitals. The status of the prosthesis was classified into four categories: Good, Fair, Bad, Worst. The success was recorded if only the category was classified in 'good'. The mean duration of failed prostheses and the success rate through Kaplan-Meier method were analyzed. Results: A total of 1,804 cases of prosthesis were evaluated: 810 cases of fixed dental prostheses (FDP), 519 cases of Removable Dental Prostheses (RDP), and 475 cases of implant prosthesis. The mean duration of failed FDP was $11.41{\pm}0.30years$ and the median was 10 years. The mean duration of failed RDP was $8.18{\pm}0.29years$ and the median was 7 years. The mean duration of failed implant prosthesis was $7.99{\pm}0.30years$ and the median was 7 years. The factors related to the failure were as follows: number of units, abutments, abutments treated with root canal, and plaque index in FDPs; treated and opposing dentition in RDPs; the number of implants, duration of use, and plaque index in implant prostheses. Conclusion: The average duration of failed prosthesis was 11.41 years for FDPs, 8.18 years for RDPs, and 7.99 years for implant prosthesis, according to the evaluation with newly developed KAP criteria.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2002

To evaluate whole-body vibration(WBV) exposure and fatigue-decreased proficiency(FDP) boundary in passenger car driver, several roads in Busan were divided into 3 types by the condition of road surface; Road 1 was partially damaged, Road 2 was normal without damage, and Road 3 was better than Road 2. The results were following: The highest passenger driver's exposures to whole-body vibration acceleration and fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary at 40km/h were 0.108m/s² and about 2099 minutes in Road 2 for xh axis, 0.134m/s² and about 1585 minutes in Road 2 for yh axis, and 0.183m/s² and about 1053 minutes in Road 2 for zh axis, respectively. The highest passenger driver's exposures to whole-body vibration acceleration and fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary at 80km/h were 0.219m/s² and about 830 minutes in Road 3 xh axis, 0.203m/s² and about 918 minutes in Road 3 for yh axis, and 0.622m/s² and about 195 minutes in Road 1 for zh axis, respectively. The highest vector sums of whole-body vibration exposure at 40km/h and 804km/h were 0.328m/s² in Road 2 and 0.730m/s² in Road 1, respectively. The highest crest factors at 40km/h were 4.25 in Road 1 for xh, 4.51 in Road 3 for yh, and 5.81 in Road 2 for zh, respectively. The highest crest factors at 80km/h were 5.57 in Road 1 for xh, 5.60 in Road 2 for yh, and 6.46 in Road 3 for zh, respectively. The highest transmissibilities of whole-body vibration from floor to seat at 40km/h and 80km/h were 0.89 in Road 3 and 0.82 in Road 3 for xh axis, 0.83 in Road 3 and 0.87 in Road 1 and 2 for yh, and 0.80 in Road 2 and 0.92 in Road 1 tor zh axis, respectively. The highest fatigue-decreased proficiency boundaries for whole-body vibration exposure of passenger car driver in floor and seat were 457 minutes in Road 3 and 583 minutes in Road 3 at 40km/h and 159 minutes in Road 2 and 251 minutes in Road 2 at 80km/h, respectively.