• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.181-194
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• 2022

Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), also known as Danuri, was successfully launched on 4 Aug. from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station using a Space-X Falcon-9 rocket. Flight dynamics (FD) operational readiness was one of the critical parts to be checked before the flight. To demonstrate FD software's readiness and enhance the operator's contingency response capabilities, KPLO FD specialists planned, organized, and conducted four simulations and two rehearsals before the KPLO launch. For the efficiency and integrity of FD simulation and rehearsal, different sets of blind test data were prepared, including the simulated tracking measurements that incorporated dynamical model errors, maneuver execution errors, and other errors associated with a tracking system. This paper presents the simulation and rehearsal results with lessons learned for the KPLO FD operational readiness checkout. As a result, every functionality of FD operation systems is firmly secured based on the operation procedure with an enhancement of contingency operational response capability. After conducting several simulations and rehearsals, KPLO FD specialists were much more confident in the flight teams' ability to overcome the challenges in a realistic flight and FD software's reliability in flying the KPLO. Moreover, the results of this work will provide numerous insights to the FD experts willing to prepare deep space flight operations.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.428-432
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• 2009

40 goat kid ribcages were held for 7 days in storage conditions ($4^{\circ}C$) and used to determine the effects of three different packaging methods (atmospheric air, vacuum and modified atmosphere package (MAP) 10:70:20 mixture of $N_2:O_2:CO_2$) on meat quality of the chops. L* was affected by the packaging method being lighter than MAP chops. The coordinate a* significantly increased during storage time. For MAP-packed chops and those kept in atmospheric air, b* increased markedly during storage time whereas it remained unaffected throughout storage when in vacuum packages. Final pH values ranged from 5.6 to 5.8 and no effects were found for either storage time or packaging method. WHC means were lowest for the three packaging methods on day 7 of storage and highest on day 1. Storage time increased water loss in vacuum treatments. Trained panel colour acceptability was lower at 3, 5 and 7 days than on day 1 of storage for atmospheric air treatment and vacuum packaging, while for the MAP treatment average values on days 5 and 7 were lower than those observed on days 1 or 3. Trained panel odour was lower for atmospheric air and vacuum packages at 3, 5, and 7 days storage than at 1 day, while no differences were found in trained panel odour acceptability for MAP packages. With reference to consumers, the MAP proposed in the present study is the chosen method for storing goat meat, rather than vacuum or atmospheric air packaging.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.169-170
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the smoothness of the gait pattern according to shoe, walking speed, and slope. Eleven male university students used three types(running shoes, mounting climbing boots, elevated forefoot walking shoes) of shoes at various walking speeds(1.19, 1.25, 1.33, 1.56, 1.78, 1.9, 2.0, 2.11, 2.33m/s) and gradients (0, 3, 6, 10%) on a treadmill. Three-dimensional motion analysis (Motion Analysis Corp, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) was conducted with 4 Falcon high speed cameras. The results showed that elevated forefoot walking shoes had the lowest value of normalized jerk at the heel, which means that elevated forefoot walking shoes had the smoothest walking pattern at the heel. In contrast, elevated forefoot walking shoes had greater normalized jerk at the center of mass (COM) at most walking speeds, which means that the smoothness of gait pattern at the center of mass is the lowest for the elevated forefoot walking shoes. This movement at the COM might even have a beneficial effect of activating muscles in the back and abdomen more than other shoes.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Crocodile farms are getting popular in Bangladesh in an economic point of view. In one of the farms, some crocodiles were found sick and three of them died between May and July in 2006. This investigation was performed to diagnose the cause of the death. Routine postmortem examination was conducted. Samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology and in falcon tube for microbiological study. Additional swabs were collected in nutrient broth. Histopathological and microbiological studies were conducted using routine procedures. In addition Giemsa, Gram and PAS stains were performed to detect the organism in tissues. Grossly, esophagus, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, heart and kidney were congested. Intestine, rectum and colon were hemorrhagic. Clay colored material was found in colo-rectum. Purulent exudates in lungs and thick and cloudy pericardial fluid in pericardial sac were found. Histologically, multifocal granulomatous inflammation was evident in lung, liver, kidney, intestine and colon with bacterial colonies, fungal spores and hyphae. These bacteria were appeared as Gram negative. Fungal hyphae and spores were detected in liver, lungs and colon by using PAS stain. Bacteriologically, E. coli were isolated from lungs exudates, pericardial fluids and intestinal fluids. Therefore, it can be concluded that 3 crocodiles died due to E. coli septicemia concurrent with mycotic infection.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.292-299
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• 2016

Background: We previously reported that two-phase partition chromatography between ginseng water extract and soybean oil efficiently eliminated pesticide residues. However, an undesirable odor and an unpalatable taste unique to soybean oil were two major disadvantages of the method. This study was carried out to find an alternative vegetable oil that is cost effective, labor effective, and efficient without leaving an undesirable taste and smell. Methods: We employed six vegetable oils that were available at a grocery store. A 1-mL sample of the corresponding oil containing a total of 32 pesticides, representing four categories, was mixed with 10% aqueous ginseng extract (20 mL) and equivalent vegetable oil (7 mL) in Falcon tubes. The final concentration of the pesticides in the mixture (28 mL) was adjusted to approximately 2 ppm. In addition, pesticides for spiking were clustered depending on the analytical equipment (GC/HPLC), detection mode (electron capture detector/nitrogen-phosphorus detector), or retention time used. Samples were harvested and subjected to quantitative analysis of the pesticides. Results: Soybean oil demonstrated the highest efficiency in partitioning pesticide residues in the ginseng extract to the oil phase. However, canola oil gave the best result in an organoleptic test due to the lack of undesirable odor and unpalatable taste. Furthermore, the qualitative and quantitative changes of ginsenosides evaluated by TLC and HPLC, respectively, revealed no notable change before or after canola oil treatment. Conclusion: We suggest that canola oil is an excellent vehicle with respect to its organoleptic property, cost-effectiveness and efficiency of eliminating pesticide residues in ginseng extract.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.224-232
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• 2019

This paper presents guidelines for the verification test on electromagnetic environmental effects of a commercial derivative military aircraft. To prove the safety-of-flight of a renovated aircraft and appropriate working of electronic system/device, E3 test and analysis at the system level should be performed prior to its operations on real warfare. For the aircraft modified with Falcon 2000S, we concentrate on intra-system EMC, EMRADHAZ (Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards), electrical bonding, P-Static as test and lightning as analysis from a airworthiness certification point of view based on MIL-STD-464, MIL-HDBK-516. As a result, it is verified that the modified aircraft has enough electromagnetic compatibility capabilities under EME(Electromagnetic Environment). In the process, test and analysis methods considering shielding effectiveness(SE) are applied.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.110-110
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• 2003

The high incidence of polyspermic fertilization is one of the major causes lowering the overall efficiency of porcine IVF. The common procedure for IVF involves the co-culture of both gametes in the medium drop, which increases sperm concentration and incidence of polyspermy. Therefore, the present study was carried out to increase the efficiency of porcine IVF by reducing polyspermy using a modified swim-up method. This method modifies conventional swim-up washing by placing oocytes directly at the time of washing. Sperm pellet was prepared in the tube and mature oocytes were placed on cell strainer with $70 \mu m$ pore size (Falcon 2350) at the top of the tube. After insemination, the oocytes were stained for examination. Also, the developmental potential of fertilized embryos was measured to evaluate for the feasibility of this method. While having similar penetration rates in both methods ($86.67 \pm 2.36% to 83.33 \pm 1.36%$), there was a significant reduction of polyspermy in modified swim-up method ($17.50 \pm 1.60%$) compare to the control ($44.1 \pm 3.70%$ (p<0.05). Subsequent culture showed higher rate of blastocyst formation in modified swim-up method (20.44$\pm$0.99%) than the control ($15.73 \pm 3.26%$) (P<0.05), even though there was no significant difference. These results suggest that, by controlling the number of spermatozoa reaching the oocytes, porcine oocytes might be protected from polyspermy in vitro. Also, the developmental potential of the fertilized embryos using this method could be improved by increasing the pool of spermatozoa with better quality. Further optimization of the procedure required to implicate this method in routine porcine IVF.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2023

On Aug. 4, 2022, at 23:08:48 (UTC), the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), also known as Danuri, was launched using a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle. Currently, KPLO is successfully conducting its science mission around the Moon. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Deep Space Network (DSN) was utilized for the successful flight operation of KPLO. A great deal of joint effort was made between the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) and NASA DSN team since the beginning of KPLO ground system design for the success of the mission. The efficient utilization and management of NASA DSN in deep space exploration are critical not only for the spacecraft's telemetry and command but also for tracking the flight dynamics (FD) operation. In this work, the top-level DSN interface architecture, detailed workflows, DSN support levels, and practical lessons learned from the joint team's efforts are presented for KPLO's successful FD operation. Due to the significant joint team's efforts, KPLO is currently performing its mission smoothly in the lunar mission orbit. Through KPLO cooperative operation experience with DSN, a more reliable and efficient partnership is expected not only for Korea's own deep space exploration mission but also for the KARI-NASA DSN joint support on other deep space missions in the future.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2024

A method for resident space object detection in video stream processing using a set of matched filters has been proposed. Matched filters are constructed based on the connection between the Fourier spectrum shape of the difference frame and the magnitude of the linear velocity projection onto the observation plane. Experimental data were obtained using the mobile optical surveillance system for low-orbit space objects. The detection problem in testing mode was solved for raw video data with intensity signals from three satellites: KORONAS-FOTON, CUSAT 2/FALCON 9, and GENESIS-1. Difference frames of video data with the AQUA satellite pass were used to construct matched filters. The satellites were automatically detected at points where the difference in the value of their linear velocity projection and the reference satellite was close in value. An initial approximation of the satellites slant range vector and position vector has been obtained based on the values of linear velocity projection onto the frame plane. It has been established that the difference in the inclination angle between the detected satellite intensity signal Fourier image and the reference satellite mask corresponds to the difference in the inclinations of these objects. The proposed method allows for detecting and estimating the initial approximation of the slant range and position vector of artificial and natural space objects, such as satellites, debris, and asteroids.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1245-1250
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• 2006

본 연구는 레시틴이 강화된 홍삼 추출물을 제조하는 방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 우선 대두유 레시틴을 대두유와 일정 비율로 혼합하여 LCS를 제조하였다. 고형분 함량이 10%인 홍삼 물추출물과 LCS의 비율을 3:1로 하여 혼합하여 vortexing한 뒤 혼합액을 원심분리하여 오일 층과 수용액 층을 분리하였다. 수용액 층에 대하여는 레시틴과 사포닌의 정성 및 정량분석을 행하였다. 홍삼 추출물에 대하여는 LCS처리 전 후 지방산 조성과 조지방 함량도 조사하였다. 또한, LCS를 처리한 홍삼 추출물에 대하여는 농축 후 $4^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;40^{\circ}C$/6개월 Falcon 튜브에 넣어 보관하면서 상부 1/3과 하부 1/3의 레시틴 함량을 조사함으로써 안정성을 조사하였다. LCS처리로 인한 홍삼 추출물의 조지방 함량은 변화 없었고, 지방산 조성 변화는 oleic acid의 증가 이외에는 특별한 결과를 관찰할 수 없었다. 홍삼 추출물로의 레시틴 이행율은 대두유에 대한 레시틴의 첨가 비율이 증가함에 따라 정비례적으로 증가하였다. LCS-처리 전 후 홍삼 추출물 중의 지방산 조성과 진세노사이드 함량은 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. TLC 및 HPLC 조사 결과 역시 LCS-처리 전 후 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 상기 3가지 조건에 6개월간 보관하면서 보관용 튜브의 상 하부 1/3의 레시틴 함량과 사포닌 조성 변화를 조사한 결과 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 LCS-처리 홍삼 농축액의 안정성은 만족할 만한 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과로부터 레시틴 함유 대두유 혼합액으로 홍삼 추출물을 처리하는 방법은 홍삼 추출물에 레시틴을 강화시킬 수 있는 안정성이 뛰어나고 처리 공정이 간편한 방법이라 판단한다.