• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.205-225
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• 1996

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Youngyanggaksan (YGS) extract on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. YGS extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and time to death induced by strychnine. 2. YGS extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit (3sec, 200F, 25mA). 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of YGS extract on the rectal temperature of rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of YGS extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in rats, YGS extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of rats. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of YGS extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1ml/100g in rats, the writhing syndrome was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 6. On the experiment of sedative effects of YGS extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 7. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GABA-transaminase(GABA-T) in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity concentration of GABA in rat brains after 21 days of oral administration of YGS extract the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. 9. On the experiment of effects of YGS extract on the activity of GAD in rat brains after 21 days of oral adminstration of YGS extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of YGS extract. According to the those results, Youngyanggaksan extract reveals the effects on the anticonvulsive, antipyretic, anlgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• 치과방사선
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.245-259
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• 1998

Cellular transforming genes have been identified in a number of different tumor cell lines and tumor types. A significant number of these oncogenes belong to the ras gene family. The ras gene family consists of three closely related genes:H-ras, K-ras and N-ras which code for a related 21 kDa protein. Mutations in codon 12, 13 and 61 of one of the three ras genes convert these genes into acute oncogenes. The presence of H-ras gene mutations has important prognostic implications in various tumors. Each genomic DNA was isolated from tumors induced by implantation with DMBA, or by treatment with DMBA -implantation/irradiation. When genome DNA was transfected into NIH 3T3 cells and investigated by two-step PCR-RFLP, the fOllowing results were concluded: 1. Transformation foci developed in two groups when the genome DNA of two experimental groups were transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. 2. Transformation efficiency was 0.01-0.02 foci/㎍DNA in the experimental group with the DMBA-implantation, 0.01-0.03 foci/㎍lgDNA in the experimental group with the DMBA-implantation/irradiation according to results of transfection assay. 3. When the point mutation of H-ras gene was investigated by a two-step PCR-RFLP, there was 13.9％ (5/36) in the experimental group with the DMBA implantation, 15.4 ％ (6/39) in the experimental group with the DMBA -implantation/irradiation. 4. The point mutation in codon 12 and 61 of H-ras was 5.6％(2/36) and 8.3％(3/36) in the experimental group with the DMBA implantation. 5. The point mutation in codon 12 and 61 of H-ras gene was 7.7％(3/39) in the experimental group with the DMBA -implantation/irradiation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1997

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Cheonmagudeungyeum(CGY) extract on anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system of experimental animals. The results of this study were as follows : 1. CGY extract prolonged significantly the beginning time to convulsion and death induced by strychnine. 2. CGY extract prolonged significantly the time to death induced by electrical shock of ECT unit(3 sec, 200 F, 25 mA) 3. On the experiment of hypothermic effects of CGY extract on the rectal temperature of mice, CGY extract decreased the rectal temperature of mice. 4. On the experiment of antipyretic effects of CGY extract on the febrile induced by the subcutaneous injection of $150\;{\mu}g/kg$ endotoxin in mice, CGY extract decreased significantly the rectal temperature of mice. 5. On the experiment of analgesic effects of CGY extract on the writhing syndrome induced by intraperitoneal injection 0.7% acetic acid 1 ml/100g in mice, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 6. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on spontaneous motor activity measured by wheel cage method in mice, the spontaneous motor activity was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract 7. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on the activity of GABA - transaminase (GABA-T) in mouse brains after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity of GABA-T was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 8. On the experiment of effects of CGY extract on the activity concentration of GABA in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity concentration of GABA was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. 9. On the experiment of effect of CGY water extract on the activity of GAD in mouse brain after 21 days of oral administration of CGY extract, the activity of GAD was reduced significantly by administration of CGY extract. According to the these results, Cheonmagudeungyeum extracts reveal the effects on the anti-convulsive, antipyretic, analgesic, sedative and GABAergic system.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.940-944
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• 2006

급식소 고객의 손 위생실태를 파악하여 향후 소비자 위생교육의 계획 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 점심식사 시간에 대학교 내 학생식당을 찾은 일부 남녀 대학생을 대상으로 손 세척에 대한 설문조사와 손의 미생물 검사를 실시하였다. 조사대상자 190명의 1일 평균 손 세척횟수는 전체 평균 6.46회였다. 일반세균, 대장균군, 대장균, 황색포도상구균에 대한 미생물 검사를 실시한 결과 일반세균수는 평균 3.11 log CFU/hand로 $0.70{\sim}6.47\;log\;CFU/hand$가 검출되었고, 대장균군수는 평균 1.06 log CFU/hand로 검출되지 않은 경우부터 최대 5.04 log CFU/hand까지 검출되었다. 대장균은 조사대상자 전원이 검출되지 않았으며, 황색포도상구균의 검출율은 20.5%였다. 고객의 성별에 따른 손의 미생물학적 위해 분석의 차이검정 결과 남자가 여자에 비해 일반세균수(p<0.001)와 대장균군수(p<0.05)가 유의적으로 높게 검출되었다. 황색포도상구균도 남자가 여자에 비해 더 많은 수가 검출되었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 손 세척횟수에 따른 미생물학적 위해분석의 차이검정 결과 일반세균수는 손 세척횟수가 4번 이하일 때 평균 3.25 log CFU/hand, $5{\sim}7$번일때 2.75 log CFU/hand, 8번 이상일 때 2.75 log CFU/hand로 손 세척횟수가 증가함엠 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.001). 대장균은 전혀 검출되지 않았으며, 대장균군과 황색포도상구균의 검출량은 손세척 횟수에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 점심시간 전 손 세척여부에 다른 미생물학적 위해분석의 차이검정 결과 일반세균수는 점심시간 전 손 세척을 항상 하는 경우가 전혀 하지 않는 경우에 비해 유의적으로 낮게 검출되었다(p<0.005).

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.30-47
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• 2015

Objective : Melanoma is a very critical and devastating disease. Although many people have depended on surgical operation in melanoma treatment, they have placed importance on non-invasive methods constantly. So we planned to establish a research methodology by analysing existing articles containing conservative melanoma treatments in Journals of Korean Medicine published in Korea.Methods : Using search words of anti-cancer, B16, cancer, lung metastasis, melanoma, metastasis, S-100, SK-MEL, tumor, tyrosinase, we collected 26 articles by searching internet portal sites as following;Using search words of anti-cancer, B16, cancer, lung metastasis, melanoma, metastasis, S-100, SK-MEL, tumor, tyrosinase, we collected 26 articles by searching internet portal sites as followinghttp://oasis.kiom.re.kr,http://www.koreantk.com,http://www.riss.kr,http://www.dbpia.co.kr,http://www.ndsl.kr,http://kiss.kstudy.com,http://www.naver.com,http://www.google.com.Result : The number of articles is 26 and in the year of 2003, 2004 is ranked the highest number in publication. The journal of acupuncture & moxibustion society ranked the highest(30.8%). 2 and 4 authors ranked the highest(26.9%) in number of authors. T-test ranked the highest(58.1%) in statistics methods. P.O. med indicated in 11 articles and Pharmacopuncture in 15 articles. B16 murine melanoma cell was indicated in 25 articles by cancer-induced methods. In measurement, T cell activity was indicated in 14 articles, NK activity in 4 articles, IL-2 in 6 articles, apoptosis in 1 article, lung metastasis in 14 articles.Conclusion : Considering overall results, it is necessary to diversify cancer-induced methods and measurement methods in experimental melanoma research.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 생산성이 인정된 모돈 F1(YL)에 종료웅돈(Terminal Sire)으로 Duroc종 이외에 생산성 저하에 많은 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 판단되는 최종 종료웅돈(Terminal Sire) Berkshire종과 Berkshire×Duroc(F1)을 YL(♀) 교배시켜 생산된 비육돈(YLD, YLB, YLBD)의 성장과 육질을 비교 분석 하였다. 성장형질에서는 YL(♀)×BD(♂)가 YL(♀)×D(♂)보다 우수하였으며, 조사된 성장형질 전체에서 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)를 보였다. 육질에서도 pH, 보수력, 육색이 다른 비육돈 보다 유의적으로(p<0.05) 우수하였고, 돼지 육질의 표준이 되는 등심조지방 함량에서 YL(♀)×BD(♂)가 유의적으로 우수하였다. 교배조합별 육색에서는 YL(♀)×BD(♂)가 대체로 명도와 적색도가 높았으며, 지방산 조성에 있어서는 불포화 지방산의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 성장형질에서는 YL(♀)×BD(♂)가 비교 대상의 교배조합에 비해 우수하였으며, 육질에서도 YL(♀)×D(♂) 보다 좋거나 같아 비육돈 교배조합(YLBD)으로서의 이용가치가 있을 것으로 사료된다. 하지만 본 연구의 경우 경남 첨단양돈연구소의 계통조성이 완료된 American Berkshire종을 이용하여 경남의 경우 경남 첨단양돈연구소를 활용하여 별도의 비용이 없이 YLBD를 생산이 가능하겠으나, 다른 지역의 경우 Berkshire의 계통 조성하여 활용할 경우 기존의 종료웅돈 Duroc종을 계통 조성하는 비용만큼 더 소요될 것이라 사료된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2017

2016년 8월 19일부터 12월 31일까지 현장원수와 퇴적물이 주입된 현장 배양장치 실험을 통해 환경요인의 영향에 따른 식물플랑크톤 기능그룹(phytoplankton functional group, PFG)의 천이 특성을 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 확인된 식물플랑크톤은 총 27속 50종이었으며, 분류군별로는 녹조류 30종, 규조류 11종, 남조류 7종, 편모조류 2종으로 나타났다. 실험구에서 총 25속 47종(녹조류 30종, 규조류 9종, 남조류 6종, 편모조류 2종), 대조구에서 총 23속 45종(녹조류 26종, 규조류 10종, 남조류 7종, 편모조류 2종)의 식물플랑크톤이 각각 확인되었다. 식물플랑크톤 기능그룹(PFG)은 총 19개(B, C, D, F, G, H1, J, K, Lo, M, MP, N, P, S1, $T_B$, $W_0$, X1, X2, Y)로 확인되었으며, 실험구와 대조구에서는 H1을 제외하고 18개의 PFG가 모두 출현하였다. 생체 부피(biovolume)에 기초했을 때 $W_0$, J 및 M 그룹은 원수만 주입된 대조구와 비교하여 원수와 퇴적물이 주입된 실험구에서 영양염의 내부순환(internal cycling)의 영향으로 더 높은 생체부피를 보이면서 뚜렷한 천이 양상을 나타내었다. PCA 분석 결과에 기초할 때 PFG의 천이 양상은 영양염, 수온 및 조도 등의 주요 환경인자들과의 상관성에 따라 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 PFG를 적용하여 주어진 환경조건에서 식물플랑크톤 적응 및 천이(성장) 특성을 확인할 수 있었으며, PFG는 향후 국내 수계의 식물플랑크톤 천이를 이해하기 위한 새로운 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2016

To conduct a kinetic study of paraquat (PQ), we investigated 9 patients with acute PQ intoxication. All of them ingested more than 20 ml of undiluted PQ herbicide to commit suicide and arrived at our hospital early, not later than 7 h after PQ ingestion. The urine dithionite test for PQ in all of the nine patients was strongly positive at emergency room. Blood samples were obtained every 30 min for the first 2~3 h and then every 1 or 2 h, as long as the clinical progression was stable among the patients for 30 h after PQ ingestion. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve ($AUC_{inf}$), which was extrapolated to infinity, was calculated using the trapezoidal rule. Toxicokinetic parameters, such as the terminal elimination half-life, apparent oral clearance, and apparent volume of distribution ($V_d/F$) were calculated. The maximum PQ concentration ($C_{max}$) and the time to reach maximum PQ concentration ($T_{max}$) were also obtained. Plasma PQ concentrations in nine patients were well described by a bi-exponential curve with a mean terminal elimination half-life of $13.1{\pm}6.8h$. $C_{max}$ and $AUC_{inf}$ were $20.8{\pm}25.7mg/l$ and $172.5{\pm}160.3h{\cdot}mg/l$, respectively. Apparent volume of distribution and apparent oral clearance were $50.9{\pm}61.3l/kg$ and $173.4{\pm}111.2l/h$, respectively. There were a significant correlation (r=0.84; p<0.05) between the PQ amount ingested and $C_{max}$. $AUC_{inf}$ also showed a significant correlation (r=0.83; p<0.05) with the PQ amount ingested. These correlations provide evidence that PQ has dose-linear toxicokinetic characteristics.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine contribution of meal frequency, self-efficacy for healthy eating, and availability of healthy foods towards diet quality of adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted among 373 adolescents aged from 13 to 16 years old. Diet quality of the respondents was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index for Malaysians. Meal frequency, self-efficacy for healthy eating, and availability of healthy foods were assessed through the Eating Behaviours Questionnaire (EBQ), self-efficacy for healthy eating scale, and availability of healthy foods scale, respectively. RESULTS: The majority of the respondents (80.7%) were at risk of poor diet quality. Males ($mean=34.2{\pm}8.2%$) had poorer diet quality than females ($mean=39.9{\pm}9.0%$) (t = -5.941, P < 0.05). Malay respondents ($mean=36.9{\pm}8.7%$) had poorer diet quality than Indian respondents ($mean=41.3{\pm}10.0%$) (F = 2.762, P < 0.05). Age (r = 0.123, P < 0.05), self-efficacy for healthy eating (r = 0.129, P < 0.05), and availability of healthy foods (r = 0.159, P < 0.05) were positively correlated with the diet quality of the respondents. However, meal frequency was not correlated with the diet quality of the respondents. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that being a male, being a Malay, low self-efficacy for healthy eating, and low availability of healthy foods contributed significantly towards poor diet quality among respondents. CONCLUSIONS: In short, sex, ethnicity, self-efficacy for healthy eating, and availability of healthy foods were associated with diet quality among adolescents. Health practitioners should take into consideration of differences in sex and ethnicity during implementation of nutrition-related intervention programs. Self-efficacy for healthy eating and availability of healthy foods should be included as important components in improving diet quality of adolescents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.755-765
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• 2013

The accumulation of inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity is a potential problem in the modern swine breeds in China. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the pedigrees of Chinese Duroc (CD), Landrace (CL) and Yorkshire (CY) swine to estimate the past and current rates of inbreeding, and to identify the main causes of genetic diversity loss. Pedigree files from CD, CL and CY containing, 4529, 16,776 and 22,600 records, respectively, were analyzed. Pedigree completeness indexes of the three breeds, accounting for one generation back, were 83.72, 93.93 and 93.59%, respectively. The estimated average annual inbreeding rates for CD, CL and CY in recent three years were 0.21, 0.19 and 0.13%, respectively. The estimated average percentage of genetic diversity loss within each breed in recent three years was about 8.92, 2.19, and 3.36%, respectively. The average relative proportion of genetic diversity loss due to unequal contributions of founders in CD, CL and CY was 69.09, 57.95 and 60.57%, and due to random genetic drift was 30.91, 42.05 and 39.43%, respectively. The estimated current effective population size for CD, CL and CY was 76, 117 and 202, respectively. Therefore, CD has been found to have lost considerable genetic diversity, demanding priority for optimizing the selection and mating to control future coancestry and inbreeding. Unequal contribution of founders was a major cause of genetic diversity loss in Chinese swine breeds and random genetic drift also showed substantial impact on the loss of diversity.