• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 1992

In order to study the effects of Yunpaejaesueum known clinically for their effects of treatment for cough and asthma, the study was carried out to investigate the effect of Yunpaejaesueum extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated Kreb's Henseleite bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with isometric transducer(Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig was remakably relaxed by the administration of Yunpaejaesueum. 3. Yunpaejaesueum is significantly inhibited the contractile response of histimine 10-4 M in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle. 4. Yunpaejaesueum is significantly inhibited the contractile response of acetylcholine 10-4 M in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle. 5. Yunpaejaesueum is significantly inhibited the contractile response of 5-hydroxytryptamine 10-4 M in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle. 6. Yunpaejaesueum is significantly inhibited the contractile response of prostaglandin F2a 10-7 M in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Shihogigiltang extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated Kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with isometric transducer(Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The trachea smooth muscle of the isoiated guinea pig was significantly relaxed by the administration of Shihogigiltang extract. 3. ShihogigiItang significantly inhibited the contractile response of histamine 10-4 M is isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by acetylcholine 10-4 M was significantly inhibited by Shihogigiltang extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by 5-hydorxytryptamine 10-4 M was significantly inhibited by Shihngigiltang extract. 6. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by prostaglandin $F2\;{\alpha}$ 10-7 M was significantly inhibited by Shihngigiltang extract.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.70-70
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• 1993

Fundamental frequency is controlled by contraction of both TA and CT muscle. While activity of the CT is known well, little is known regarding the effect of the TA muscle on vocal fold vibration. To study this, a previously developed in vivo canine laryngeal model was modified. Isolated TA muscle activation was obtained by stimulating sectioned terminal TA branches through small thyroid cartilage windows. The results indicated that TA muscle activation is a major determinant in vocal register shift from falsetto to modal phonation. F0 increased with increasing TA activation in modal register, On the other hand, the F0 decreased with TA activation when the evoked voice belonged to falsetto register. Subglottic pressure increased gradually and OQ decreased gradually with TA activation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.969-974
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• 2001

Model calculations for small molecules Li2, F2, LiF and BF have been performed at the Dirac-Fock level of theory using Dirac-Coulomb and Dirac-Coulomb-Magnetic Hamiltonians with various basis sets. In order to understand what may happen when the relativity becomes significant, the value of c, speed of light, is varied from the true value of 137.036 a.u. to 105 (nonrelativistic case) and also to 50 and 20 a.u. (exaggerated relativistic cases). Qualitative trends are discussed with special emphasis on the effect of the magnetic part of the Breit interaction term. The known relativistic effects on bonding such as the bond length contraction or expansion are demonstrated in this model study. Total energy, $\pi-orbital$ splitting, bond length, bond dissociation energy and dipole moment are calculated, and shown to be modified in a uniform direction by the effect of the magnetic term. Inclusion of the magnetic term raises the total energy, increases the bond length, reduces the $\pi-orbital$ splitting, increases the bond dissociation energy, and mitigates the changes in dipole moment caused by the Dirac term.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.74-79
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• 1998

The use of a fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) as an optical current transducer is demonstrated. A conventional inductive pickup coil converts the time-varying current I(t) being measured to a voltage waveform V(t) applied across a piezeolectric strip to which the FFPI is bonded. The strip experiences a longitudinal expansion and contraction, resulting in an optical phase shift ${\phi}(t)$ in the fiber proportional to V(t). This phase shift is measured using a frequency-modulated semiconductor light source, photodiodes to monitor the reflected light from the FFPI and the laser power, and a digital signal processor. Calibration routines compute V(t) and I(t) from the measured phase shift at a l KHz rate. Response to 60 Hz ac over the design range 0-1300A rms is characterized Transient response of the FFPI transducer is also measured.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study is to have examined the influence on the blood circulation by comparing the differences between stimulating the sympathetic ganglion and the muscle group among the stimulation variables in interferential current stimulation. Method: The object of the study is the twenties(M=8, F=12), who are in great condition and have no pathological report for the blood circulation influence. The intensity of the inferential current stimulation is the medium degree, 100 bps constant current, which is the comfort and degree to confirm the muscle contraction. The areas stimulated are the stellate ganglion area in the seventh cervical vertebrae and the forearm muscle area. Results: We have made sure that there is no change in blood pressure and pulse and that the change in the skin temperature occurred highly. Conclusion: In considering the change of the blood circulation in case of stimulation area by the inferential current stimulation, we have seen that stimulating the sympathetic ganglion area is more effective than stimulating muscle area directly.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.437-444
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• 2017

Different types of eukaryotic cells may adopt seemingly distinct modes of directional cell migration. However, several core aspects are regarded common whether the movement is either ameoboidal or mesenchymal. The region of cells facing the attractive signal is often termed leading edge where lamellipodial structures dominates and the other end of the cell called rear end is often mediating cytoskeletal F-actin contraction involving Myosin-II. Dynamic remodeling of cell-to-matrix adhesion involving integrin is also evident in many types of migrating cells. All these three aspects of cell migration are significantly affected by signaling networks of TorC2, TorC1, and PP2A/B56. Here we review the current views of the mechanistic understanding of these regulatory signaling networks and how these networks affect eukaryotic cell migration.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.825-855
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• 2019

We establish the existence of $C^1$ stable invariant manifolds for differential equations $u^{\prime}=A(t)u+f(t,u,{\lambda})$ obtained from sufficiently small $C^1$ perturbations of a nonuniform exponential dichotomy. Since any linear equation with nonzero Lyapunov exponents has a nonuniform exponential dichotomy, this is a very general assumption. We also establish the $C^1$ dependence of the stable manifolds on the parameter ${\lambda}$. We emphasize that our results are optimal, in the sense that the invariant manifolds are as regular as the vector field. We use the fiber contraction principle to establish the smoothness of the invariant manifolds. In addition, we can also consider linear perturbations, and thus our results can be readily applied to the robustness problem of nonuniform exponential dichotomies.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2022

Background: The superimposed technique (ST) involves the application of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) during voluntary muscle action. The physiological effects attributed to each stimulus may be accumulated by the ST. Although various EMS devices for the quadriceps muscle are being marketed to the general public, there is still a lack of research on whether ST training can provide significant advantages for improving quadriceps muscle strength or thickness compared with EMS alone. Objective: To compare the effects of eight weeks of ST and EMS on the thicknesses of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscles and knee extension strength. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to either the ST or EMS groups. The participants underwent ST or EMS training for eight weeks. In all participants, the thicknesses of the RF and VI muscles were measured before and after the 8-week intervention by ultrasonography, and quadriceps muscle strength was measured using the Smart KEMA tension sensor (KOREATECH Co., Ltd.). Results: There were significant differences in the pre- and post-intervention thicknesses of the RF and VI muscles as well as the quadriceps muscle strength in both groups (p < 0.05). RF thickness was significantly greater in the ST group (F = 4.294, p = 0.048), but there was no significant difference in VI thickness (F = 0.234, p = 0.632) or knee extension strength (F = 0.775, p = 0.386). Conclusion: EMS can be used to improve quadriceps muscle strength and RF and VI muscle thickness, and ST can be used to improve RF thickness in the context of athletic training and fitness.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2000

Thirty normal adults were tested to measure the electrical activity of the anterior (AD), middle (MD), and posterior portion (PD) of the deltoid muscle and sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle (PM) during the performance of four upper extremity PNF diagonal patterns with elbow flexion angle in $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The PNF patterns in which these muscles function optimally have been theoretically advanced by Kabat and further described by Knott and Voss. They theorize that the MD should be most active with shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation (D2F); the PD with shoulder extension, abduction, and internal rotation (D1E); the AD with shoulder flexion, adduction, and external rotation (D1F); and the PM with shoulder extension, adduction and internal rotation (D2E). The patterns were performed through range of motion, with an isometric contraction performed in the shortened range. When the EMG activity of AD, MD, PD and PM in its optimal patterns was measured, it does not have significant difference among fixed elbow flexion angle $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$ (p>.05). In addition, suggestions were made for study of patients who exhibit imbalance of muscle strength and have muscle weakness.