• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.869-879
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that can automatically detect and classify rib fractures, and output structured reports from computed tomography (CT) images. Materials and Methods: This study included 1079 patients (median age, 55 years; men, 718) from three hospitals, between January 2011 and January 2019, who were divided into a monocentric training set (n = 876; median age, 55 years; men, 582), five multicenter/multiparameter validation sets (n = 173; median age, 59 years; men, 118) with different slice thicknesses and image pixels, and a normal control set (n = 30; median age, 53 years; men, 18). Three classifications (fresh, healing, and old fracture) combined with fracture location (corresponding CT layers) were detected automatically and delivered in a structured report. Precision, recall, and F1-score were selected as metrics to measure the optimum CNN model. Detection/diagnosis time, precision, and sensitivity were employed to compare the diagnostic efficiency of the structured report and that of experienced radiologists. Results: A total of 25054 annotations (fresh fracture, 10089; healing fracture, 10922; old fracture, 4043) were labelled for training (18584) and validation (6470). The detection efficiency was higher for fresh fractures and healing fractures than for old fractures (F1-scores, 0.849, 0.856, 0.770, respectively, p = 0.023 for each), and the robustness of the model was good in the five multicenter/multiparameter validation sets (all mean F1-scores > 0.8 except validation set 5 [512 x 512 pixels; F1-score = 0.757]). The precision of the five radiologists improved from 80.3% to 91.1%, and the sensitivity increased from 62.4% to 86.3% with artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis. On average, the diagnosis time of the radiologists was reduced by 73.9 seconds. Conclusion: Our CNN model for automatic rib fracture detection could assist radiologists in improving diagnostic efficiency, reducing diagnosis time and radiologists' workload.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1997년도 제5회 하계 Workshop (97 한,카 국제공동 Workshop, 고도 수처리를 위한 막분리 공정)
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• pp.143-158
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• 1997

Electrochemical deionization (EDI) offers continuous demineralization at higher water recovery rates (>90%), compared with mixed bed ion exchange, and without the use of chemical regenerants and the associated production of saline waste water. Although EDI technology has been used in some power generation applications, its wider application requires the satisfactory resolution of outstanding capital cost and performance issues. This paper reports on the field evaluation of a new cost-effective EDI technology in a power generation application. The E-Cell System$^{TM}$, which became commercially available in the fourth quarter of 1996, consists of a rugged, modular system, based on a new high-performance EDI stack. Starting in May 1996, a 100 gpm modular EDI pilot system, rated for operation at 100 psi, was evaluated at the TVA Brown's Ferry Nuclear Plant. The feed consisted of Reverse Osmosis (RO) permeate with a conductivity of 4-7 $\mu$S/cm. The pilot system reliably produced 17.8-18.0 M$\Omega$.cm water under design operating conditions, independent. Silica levels were reduced from ca. 50 ppb to 4 ppb, while TOC levels were reduced from ca. 120 ppb to 30 ppb.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.235-240
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• 1981

A total of 102 patients who had an Open Heart Surgery from April 1976 to July 1981 were reviewed. 55 paeitnts were congenital heart disease and 47 patients were acquired heart disease. Among SS patients of congenital heart disease, 18 T 0 F, 18 V S D, 8 A S D, and each one case of l\ulcorner 0 R V, Truncus arteriosus, Ebstein anomaly, Single ventricle, P D A, P 5, A S D + P 5, E C D, V 5 D + P D A, A - P window, D C R V were noted respectively. In 47 patients of acquired heart disease and one Ebstein patient, 46 prosthetic values were implanted: 17 had M V R, 4 had A V R, 2 had M V R + A V R, and 4 had M V R + T V R and one T V R. The operative mortality was 8.S% in acquired heart disease and 17% in congenital heart disease. The follow up period was between 6 months and 6 years. There were 3 cases of late mortality in acquired heart disease and one case in congenital heart disease.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1617-1617
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• 2001

It is well known now that near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast, no destructive, and inexpensive analytical technique that could be used to classify, identify, and authenticate a wide range of foods and food items. Therefore, the main aims of this study were to provide a new insight into the authentication of five strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) varieties and to correlate them with geographical zones and the propagating methods used. Three weeks plants of five different strawberry varieties (F. x ananassa Duch. cv Camarosa, Seascape, Chandler, F. Chiloensis, and F. Virginiana) were cultivated in vitro first and then transferred to pots with special soil, and grown in a greenhouse at CINVESTAV, all varieties were acquired from California (USA). After 18 months, ten leaves from each variety were collected. Transmission spectra from each leave were recorded over a range of 10, 000-4, 000 cm$-^{1}$, 32 scans of each strawberry leave were collected using a resolution of 4 cm$-^{1}$ with a Paragon IdentiCheck FT-NIR System Spectrometer. Triplicates of each strawberry leave were used. All spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling class analogy (SIMCA). The optimum number of components to be used in the regression was automatically determined by the software. Camarosa was the only variety grown from the same shoot but propagated by a different method (direct or in vitro). Five different classes (varieties) or clusters were observed among samples, however, larger inter class distances were presented by the two wildtype samples (F. Chiloensis and F. Virginiana). Camarosa direct and Camarosa in vitro displayed a small overlapping region between them. On the other hand, Seascape variety presented the smallest rejection percentage among all varieties (more similarities with the rest of the samples). Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of NIRS technique allowed the authentication of all strawberry varieties and geographical origin as well. It was also possible to form subclasses of the same materials. The results presented here demonstrate that NIRS is a very powerful and promising analytical tool since all materials were authenticated and classified based on their variety, origin, and treatment. This is of a tremendous relevance since the variety and origin of a plant material can be established even before it gives its typical fruit or flower.

• Journal of Breast Cancer
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.463-467
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• 2018

Metastasis from primary cancer to the thyroid is uncommon in breast cancer. Here we present a case of lobular breast carcinoma that metastasized to the thyroid. A 54-year-old woman without symptoms was admitted to our institution for staging of the lymph node above the left clavicle. An $^{18}F$-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography scan was performed for staging, and low uptakes were observed in the left supraclavicular and cervical lymph nodes. High uptake was seen in the posterior and lower left lobe of the thyroid. Histologic findings indicated lobular breast carcinoma (positive GATA3, loss of E-cadherin expression) metastatic to the thyroid with a luminal profile. Immunohistochemical analysis was negative for primary thyroid or parathyroid carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient presenting a metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma in the thyroid and lymph nodes without a prior diagnosis of breast cancer.

• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1240-1247
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• 2018

Magnetic hysteresis in Ni nanowire arrays grown by electrodeposition inside the pores of anodic alumina templates is studied as a function of temperature in the range between 5 K and 300 K. Nanowires with different diameters, aspect ratios, inter-wire distance in the array and surface condition (smooth and rough) are synthesized. These microstructure parameters are linked to the different free magnetic energy contributions determining coercivity and the controlling magnetization reversal mechanisms. Coercivity increases with temperature in arrays of nanowires with rough surfaces and small diameters -33 nm and 65 nm- when measured without removing the alumina template and/or the Al substrate. For thicker wires -200 nm in diameter and relatively smooth surfaces- measured without the Al substrate, coercivity decreases as temperature rises. These temperature dependences of magnetic hysteresis are described in terms of an effective magnetic anisotropy $K_a$, resulting from the interplay of magnetocrystalline, magnetoelastic and shape anisotropies, together with the magnetostatic interaction energy density between nanowires in the array. The experimentally determined coercive fields are compared with results of micromagnetic calculations, performed considering the magnetization reversal mode acting in each studied array and microstructure parameters. A method is proposed to roughly estimate the value of $K_a$ experimentally, from the hysteresis loops measured at different temperatures. These measured values are in agreement with theoretical calculations. The observed temperature dependence of coercivity does not arise from an intrinsic property of pure Ni but from the nanowires surface roughness and the way the array is measured, with or without the alumina template and/or the aluminum support.

• 태양에너지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.60-65
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• 1990

[ $p^+$ ]형의 InP 기판($p=4{\times}10^{18}cm^{-3}$)에 일정 온도에서 S를 열 확산시켜 $n^+-p^+$ 접합을 형성하고, $n^+$형 측에 사진식각법으로 폭 $20{\mu}m$의 표면 격자상 전극을 $300{\mu}m$ 간격으로 형성한 후, 반사방지(AR) 막으로 $600{\AA}$ 두께의 SiO 박막을 증착시켜 크기 $5{\times}5{\times}0.3mm^3$의 $n^+-p^+$ InP 동종접합 태양전지를 제작하였다. S의 접합깊이는 약 $0.4{\mu}m$이었으며, 제작된 태양전지는 확산시간이 증가함에 따라 단락전류($J_{sc}$)가 증가하였고, 충진율(F.F)이 감소하였으며, 직렬저항($R_s$)과 에너지 변환효율(${\eta}$)이 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. $5,000-9,000{\AA}$의 파장 영역에서 양호한 분광감도 특성을 나타냈으며, 단락전류, 개방전압($V_{oc}$), 충진율, 에너지 변환효율이 각각 $13.16mA/cm^2$, 0.38V, 53.74%, 10.1%인 태양전지를 제작하였다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 1978

In this paper, we obtain two new double infinite series for the H-function of two variables, by which we also obtain a single infinite series involving the H-function of two variable3. On account of the most general nature of the H-functin of two variables, a number of related double infinite series for simpler functions follow as special cases of our results. As an illustration, we obtain here from one of our main series, the corresponding series for $Kamp{\acute{e}}$ de $F{\acute{e}}riet$ function and Fox's H-function. A number of other series involving a very large, spectrum of special functions also follow as special cases of our main series but, we are not recording them here for want of space.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2008

The brown planthopper (BPH) is a major insect pest in rice, and damages these plants by sucking phloem-sap and transmitting viral diseases. Many BPH resistance genes have been identified in indica varieties and wild rice accessions, but none has yet been cloned. In the present study we report fine mapping of the region containing the Bph1 locus, which enabled us to perform marker-aided selection (MAS). We used 273 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Cheongcheongbyeo, an indica type variety harboring Bph1 from Mudgo, and Hwayeongbyeo, a BPH susceptible japonica variety. By random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using 656 random 10-mer primers, three RAPD markers (OPH09, OPA10 and OPA15) linked to Bph1 were identified and converted to SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) markers. These markers were found to be contained in two BAC clones derived from chromosome 12: OPH09 on OSJNBa0011B18, and both OPA10 and OPA15 on OSJNBa0040E10. By sequence analysis of ten additional BAC clones evenly distributed between OSJNBa0011B18 and OSJNBa0040E10, we developed 15 STS markers. Of these, pBPH4 and pBPH14 flanked Bph1 at distances of 0.2 cM and 0.8 cM, respectively. The STS markers pBPH9, pBPH19, pBPH20, and pBPH21 co-segregated with Bph1. These markers were shown to be very useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding populations of 32 F6 RILs from a cross between Andabyeo and IR71190, and 32 F5 RILs from a cross between Andabyeo and Suwon452.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 1997

Several calixarene derivatives of 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyloxy)-26,27,28-trihydroxycalix[4]arene 2 were synthesized by the reaction of 2 with several acyl and alkylating agents in the presence of base such as pyridine and K2CO3 in THF. Acylation of monobenzoylated p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene 2 yielded their corresponding 1,3-diacylated calix[4]arenes 3a-3g. On the other hand, alkylation of 2 produced a variety calix[4]arene derivatives such as 1,2- and 1,3-disubstituted calix[4]arenes 4a-4c, 4e-4f, or 1,2,4-trisubstituted calix[4]arene 4d. 1,2-Disubstituted calix[4]arenes are chiral. All derivatives exist as a cone conformation based on NMR studies.