• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.229-231
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• 2012

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite resulting in human infections and one of the infectious pathogens leading to uveitis and retinochoroiditis. The present study was performed to assess T. gondii infection in 20 ocular patients with chronic irregular recurrent uveitis (20 aqueous humor and 20 peripheral blood samples) using PCR. All samples were analyzed by nested PCR targeting a specific B1 gene of T. gondii. The PCR-positive rate was 25% (5/20), including 5% (1) in blood samples, 25% (5) in aqueous humor samples, and 5% (1) in both sample types. A molecular screening test for T. gondii infection in ocular patients with common clinical findings of an unclear retinal margin and an inflammatory membrane over the retina, as seen by fundus examination, may be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.367-369
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• 2012

Terson syndrome was originally used to describe a vitreous hemorrhage arising from aneurysmal subrarachnoid hemorrhage. Terson syndrome can be caused by intracranial hemorrhage, subdural or epidural hematoma and severe brain injury but is extremely rare in intraventricular hemorrhage associated with moyamoya disease. A 41-year-old man presented with left visual disturbance. He had a history of intraventicular hemorrhage associated with moyamoya disease three months prior to admission. At that time he was in comatose mentality. Ophthalmologic examination at our hospital detected a vitreous hemorrhage in his left eye, with right eye remaining normal. Vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane removal was performed. After operation his left visual acuity was recovered. Careful ophthalmologic examination is mandatory in patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.576-583
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• 2014

Background Standard upper blepharoplasty involves removal of both the skin and a portion of the underlying orbicularis oculi muscle. The senior author had observed sluggishness of eyelid closure, lagophthalmos as well as varying degrees of eye irritation in certain patients during the early postoperative period. He postulated that these findings could be due to orbicularis muscle excision. He therefore undertook a prospective study 27 years ago comparing standard blepharoplasty on one eyelid to skin-only excision on the fellow eyelid. Methods A randomized, prospective, single-blinded study was designed using the fellow eye as an internal control. 22 patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty procedure requiring greater than 5 mm of skin resection and with no history of ophthalmologic disease, dry eye, or previous eyelid surgery were selected. Upper blepharoplasty was performed with skin-only removal on one side, and combined skin-muscle removal on the other side. Patients were evaluated until six months after surgery except for two patients who were lost to follow-up after three months. Sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos, dry eye and aesthetic result were outcome measures scored by patient survey, the operating surgeon, and a blinded expert panel. Results There were comparable aesthetic outcomes in both eyelids. The incidence of sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos and dry eye syndrome were significantly higher in eyelids where wide segments of muscle had been resected. Conclusions Muscle-sparing upper blepharoplasty produces similar aesthetic outcomes as conventional blepharoplasty, while significantly reducing the complications of sluggish eyelid closure, lagophthalmos and dry eye disease. The authors therefore recommend muscle-sparing upper blepharoplasty.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

Anumber of prior studies have reported eye movement dysfunction in patients with dementia. The eye movement test which is non-invasive can evaluate the local brain function quantitatively. Therefore, it can be a useful method for characterizing regional brain abnormalities of patients with dementia. The aim of this paper is to review the literatures on eye movement abnormalities in dementia patients. Saccade system dysfunctions in Alzheimer disease include increased latency, reduced accuracy, and increased antisaccade error rates. Patients with frontotemporal dementia showed impaired reflexive saccade inhibition and increased latency and errors of antisaccade task. And delayed initiation of voluntary saccades, slow saccades, and increased errors and latency on antisaccade task were found in Huntington's disease. Patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies have characteristics of impaired in both reflexive saccade execution and complex saccade performance. However, there were few reports of abnormal eye movements in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; they could be found at the later stages after symptoms of dementia came to be evident, and secondary to cerebellar and vestibular involvement. Slowing of saccades and hypometric saccades might precede the supranuclear limitation of vertical gaze in PSP. Dysfunction of voluntary eyelid movements was a characteristic finding of PSP as well. In conclusion, patients with dementia can show various abnormal eye movements and they are related with cortial and subcortical brain dysfunctions. The research on localization of brain relevant to each symptom can promise more clinical implications of eye movement of dementia.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.195-200
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• 2007

Objective : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of Jinpi-san on Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(S. epidermidis) that induce keratitis. Methods : Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was measured by dropping to $50{\mu}l$ according to density Jinpi-san(100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1 %). Anti-bacterial potency was measured by the size of inhibition zone with change of volume. Results : 1. MIC on S. aureus in Jinpi-san was $40{\mu}l$ undiluted solution. 2. MIC on S. epidermidis in Jinpi-san was $20{\mu}l$ undiluted solution. Conclusions : These results indicate that Jinpi-san can be used to cure S. aureus, S. epidermidis that induce eye disease(keratitis). If further study is performed, the use of eye drops will be valuable and beneficial in the clinical medicines.

• CELLMED
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.26.1-26.3
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• 2015

A new physiotherapy named Ciliary Muscle Training method and one successful case had been reported first for treatment of Posner-Schlossman Syndrome (PSS), also known as Glaucomatocyclitic Crisis. When a person observed a back and forth moving object, the ciliary muscle would involuntarily do sometimes tense and sometimes relaxant exercise which can relieve the tensive state of the ciliary muscle of patients suffering PSS disease. Through this period of continued treatment, this ciliary muscle training method can improve the health status of the ciliary muscle and finally achieve the purpose of curing PSS disease. In this successful case, the patient's feedback result was very good after receiving our suggested ciliary muscle training method as an attempt to treat PSS, ill right eye of this PSS patient showed normal appearance without any differences from the other normal eye, his vision test values of naked eye were both 4.9 under nearly 200 degrees of myopia. High intraocular pressure (IOP) was mitigated, measured IOP value was in the normal (≦ 21 mmHg) and comfortable state without PSS relapse until now. Therefore, ciliary muscle training method could be a potential clinical treatment approach to PSS disease.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.4367-4385
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• 2016

With millions of people across the globe suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD), an objective, confirmatory test for the same is yet to be developed. This research aims to develop a system which can assist the doctor in objectively saying whether the patient is normal or under risk of PD. The proposed work combines the eye-hand co-ordination behaviour with the DaTscan images in order to determine the risk of this disorder. Initially, eye-hand coordination level of the patient is assessed through a hardware module. Then, the DaTscan image is analysed and used to extract certain geometrical parameters which shall indicate the presence of PD. These parameters are then finally fed into a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network using Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) Back propagation training algorithm. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system exhibits an accuracy of around 93%.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2014

Objectives : Reaserch on ophthalmology drawings in Euibangyoochui reveals the medical historic flows of the theory of ohryun-palgwak that is representative theory of ophthalmology. Methods : Ophthalmology drawings are divided into ohryun-palgwak drawings and eye disease drawings. Four picture of ophthalmology drawings in Euibangyoochui are shown in the books of suwolnobangyung, seeuidekhyobang, suyeoksinbang. Results : Ohryun drawing which describes the relationship between eyes and five viscera mentioned in lingshu. This is based on the theory of five elements. Palgwak drawing shows the combination palgwak theory and the eight trigrams of iching. Conclusions : In Korean Medicine theory of the eye, the diagnosis of eyes could be diagnosed eye disease and diseases of five viscera and six entrails. Each parts of the eye are reflected disorders in the five viscera and six entrails. Ophthalmology drawings in Euibangyoochui explains well these theories.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2012

Objective : Acupuncture has been used for treating eye disease for thousands of years but there are few evidence based medicine (EBM) for its use. This study is a review of Clinical trials related to the treatment of eye disease by acupuncture therapy. Methods : We referred a Pubmed site by using searching word of "eye, acupuncture" (Limits: 10 Year, Clinical Trials, Humans, English). Results : Eight journals with twelve papers were searched. Eight of these studies were randomized and ten trials of acupuncture treatments reported significant effect. On the topic of these clinical trials, five of them were about dry eyes, four about disorder of refraction, two about intraocular pressure and one about visual function. The result of clinical studies represented the significant cure rate. Conclusion : We found that RCTs about the acupucnture for eye diseases were more and more published. But their average impact factor was 2.16 and average modified Jadad score was 3.89, so there needs more qualifying studies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

Information about retinal blood vessels can be used in grading disease severity or as part of the process of automated diagnosis of diseases with ocular menifestations. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting retinal blood vessels and optic disk (papilla) in eye-fundus images. We introduce an algorithm for feature extraction based on Fuzzy Clustering algorithm (fuzzy c-means). A method of finding the optic disk (papilla) is proposed in the eye-fundus images. Additionally, the inrormations such as position and area of the optic disk are extracted. The results are compared to those obtained from other methods. The automatic detection of retinal blood vessels and optic disk in the eye-rundus images could help physicians in diagnosing ocular diseases.