• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 1985

To determine contents of inorganic elements of Ganoderma lucidum, the horn-shaped carpophores and the pileus of Ganoderma lucidum were incinerated and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry. The ash contents of the pileus and the horn-shaped carpophore were 1.48% and 1.40%, respectively. The pileus contained calcium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, iron, zinc and germanium in that order. The horn-shaped carpophore contained magnesium, calcium, zinc, manganese, iron, copper and germanium in that order. To examine the protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum for immunopotentiating activity, its fruit bodies were extracted with hot water. Purification of the extract was carried out by acetone precipitation and dialysis. The fraction obtained during the purification procedure consisted of a polysaccharide moiety (51%) and a protein moiety (5%). When the compound was administered intraperitoneally to the mice at a dose of 50mg/kg, it enhanced the accumulation of the peritoneal exudate cells, macrophage and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, thereby indicating immunopotentiation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.210-213
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• 1999

A 15 months old male pit bull terrier was shown submandibular swelling, which was extended from left submandibular area through mandibular symphysis to right submandibular area and toward around left neck. In history taking, recurrence of swelling was recorded after conservative surgical incision, drainage and dressing. Palpation revealed no pain and heating, partial flutuation and hardness. By paracentesis, it was showed blood-tinged tenacious exudate without bad-smelling. Left submandibular salivary gland was able to be movable freely and the size decreased to half of that of right submandibular salivary gland. It was diagnosed as cervical salivary mucocele. In operation, rostral portion of left sublingual salivary gland was observed to be damaged transversely, showed black color and leaked saliva. Submandibular gland and rostral portion of sublingual salivary gland were resected, after ligation of ducts of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. At 15 days postoperation, serosanguineous exudate from operation wound was dramatically decreased and stable granulation tissue mass at this area was first palpated. At 39 days after operation, outline of left and right mandibular was appeared normal and skin tenderness of mandibular area was equal to that of the other body wall.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.138-143
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• 1998

Chronic diarrhea in children is a common problem with numerous causes. Although most of these causes are benign, critical illness may present as chronic diarrhea. In a patient of chronic diarrhea, gastrointestinal infections are the most common causes in children of all ages and antibiotics may cause chronic diarrhea by altering intestinal microflora, which can result in the emergence of bacterial overgrowth. Overgrowth of Clostridium difficile may cause pseudomembranous colitis. We experienced 25-month-old boy who suffered from chronic diarrhea and partially treated with antibiotics irregularly. Colonoscopic findings of this child showed multiple plaques with white to yellowish exudate which adhere to the mucosal surface of a variable length of rectum. Histollogically, each plaque comprised a pseudomembrane of mucous debris, inflammatory cells, and exudate overlying groups of partially disrupted glands. A latex agglutination test on patient's stool was positive to toxin A of Clostridium difficile. He was recovered after stopping the antibiotics he has been prescribed, and being given vancomycin for 2 weeks. We report this case with brief review of literature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.177-177
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• 1996

Taurine Chloramine (Tau-Cl) inhibits production of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in activated peritoneal macrophages, similar In that previously reported for activated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the effect of Tau-Cl and taurine on superoxide anion (O$\_$2/$\^$-/) Production in murine peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was examined. Tau-Cl inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production in a manner that was dose-dependent and reversible, Taurine also inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production by stimulated PMN, but at higher concentrations and to a lesser extent than Tau-Cl. The effects of taurine on O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production was attributed to the in vitro formation of Tau-Cl catalyzed by PMN associated halide-dependent myeloperoxidase. In contrast, production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ by activated peritoneal exudate macrophages was inhibited by Tau-Cl while taurine was without effect. These data lend support to the notion that Tau-Cl may participate ill the inflammatory responses by modulating production of inflammatory mediators.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.137-152
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was on effect of Bopejungcheuntang(BPJC) for atopic dermatitis. During 5 months between January and May 2000, BPJC water extract administered to patient suffering from atopic dermatitis, in Dep. of Pediatrics, Dongguk university Pundang Oriental Hospital and this study was conducted for 27 patient (male 17, female 10) The result were as follows 1. The distribution of remedial values were improvement (51.9%), unresponsiveness(37.0%), depravation(11.1%). 2. After dispensing BPJC, ordinal sites of atopic dermatitis were inner space of elbow and knee joint, face and neck, back and abdomen, wrist and ankle. Befor and after dispensing BPJC this ordinal sites were similar but after dispensing BPJC, the other sites except head is improved. Order of symptomatic improvement is itching, licheniasis, erythema, exudate. Both itching and exudate is significantly improved. 3. According to way of water extract, symptomatic improvement is most excellent with general water extract & distiled water, the second is general water extract, the third is distiled water. 4. BPJC effect on atopic dermatitis is not significantly affected by sex, day of falling ill, medical treatment, resident environment, feeding, character and duration of medical treatment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.352-357
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• 2006

Results of development and activity of roots by rootstock sort of oriental melon were followed; Grafted seedlings had higher root growth than self-roots seedlings and among grafted seedlings, Shintozoa and Elite rootstocks had higher root growth. Grafted seedlings had more xylem exudate, which connects activity of roots, than self-root seedlings. Development of roots and increase of xylem exudate were better in higher temperature. Marketable yield was higher in grafted seedling and quality of fruit was higher in self-root seedling.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.508-513
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• 2000

The aspergillus tracheobronchitis is distinctive manifestation of invasive aspergillosis, in which infection is limited completely or predominantly to the tracheobronchial tree. It accounts for about 7 to 10 percent of cases of invasive disease. Grossly, such disease may take the mucosal exudate and obstruct partially the airway lumen or completely the occlusive mucous/fungus plugs. Microscopically, the superficial portion of the airway wall is acutely inflamed and contain fungal hyphae. However, infection is often limited to the mucosa. We report a case of aspergillus tracheobrochitis in a 54 year-old man who presented cough, progressive dyspnea with wheezing, and mucus plug. Bronchoscopy showed mucosal exudate and plug. Bronchoscopic biopsy showed aspergillus hyphae and inflammation in the mucosa. He was successfully treated with itraconazole.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1999

The most common cause of death is ostrich chick fading syndrome(OCFS), which is due to bacterial infection during artificial incubation and hatching. Six farmed ostrich chicks aged 3 and 10 days in Chonbuk province, were submitted to Chonbuk Livestock Development and Research Institute for necropsy, Clinically, birds showed hair loss, ocular exudate, lethargy, diarrhea, and subsequently died 3-5 days after onset of clinical signs. Grossly, umbilicus was enlarged. White-yellowish purulent nodules were scattered on the lung and the membrane of air-sac was thickened and had inflamed exudate on the surface in two chicks that died 3 days after hatching. In 10 days-old chick, intestine was shown rodding segmentally. Yolk sac was still retarded and its surface was partially hemorrahgic. The synovial fluid of the leg was yellowish. Microscopically, multifocal purulent exudates were scattered on the lung. Capillary microthrombi in the glomerulus were prominent and tubular epithelia were necrotic. Necrotic hepatocytes were scattered and intestine were congested. Microbiologically, Pseudomonas sp and/or E coli were isolated from air-sac, lung and/or liver. This case suggests that poor hygiene during artificial incubation, hatching or in the first week after hatching may cause high mortality of the ostrich chicks.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Cellulitis in broiler chickens is one of the economically important problems that facing the broiler industry due to the presence of the lesion leads to condemnation of part of /or the entire carcasses. Broiler with cellulitis lesions showed lower body weight. Cellulitis was recorded on different body regions including the head, dorsum, thighs, breast, legs, and abdomen. Cellulitis results from the invasion of subcutaneous (s.c.) tissues by bacteria through disruption of skin integrity. Lesions revealed the existence of the characteristic s.c colored exudate varies from yellowish to green, which were either serosanguineous, fibrinous s.c exudate yellowish, greenish or suppurative. Many bacterial isolates including E. coli, Staphylococci, Clostridia, Aeromonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, and Streptococci were isolated from the lesion. Chickens exposed to immunosuppression proved to have a greater probability of developing cellulitis. The condition was experimentally induced by s.c inoculation of 25-day-old broiler chickens with E. coli, S. aureus and clostridia. Usually, bacterial isolates were multidrug-resistant. The usage of Bifidobacterium bifidum or antibiotic with avoiding immunosuppression can reduce lesion and condemnation rate resulted from cellulitis. The objective of this review is to collect different literature written about cellulitis to be available to students, researchers, and veterinarians in poultry practical.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.46-56
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify minimum data sets for oral mucous integrity-related documentation and to analyze nursing records for oral care. Methods: To identify minimum data sets for oral status, the authors reviewed 26 assessment tools and a practical guideline for oral care. The content validity of the minimum data sets was assessed by three nurse specialists. To map the minimum data sets to nursing records, the authors examined 107 nursing records derived from 44 patients who received chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in one tertiary hospital. Results: The minimum data sets were 10 elements such as location, mucositis grade, pain, hygiene, dysphagia, exudate, inflammation, difficulty speaking, and moisture. Inflammation contained two value sets: type and color. Mucositis grade, pain, dysphagia and inflammation were recorded well, accounting for a complete mapping rate of 100%. Hygiene (100%) was incompletely mapped, and there were no records for exudate (83.2%), difficulty speaking (99.1%), or moisture (88.8%). Conclusion: This study found that nursing records on oral mucous integrity were not sufficient and could be improved by adopting minimum data sets as identified in this study.