• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2000

Biofiltration is an environmentally-sound technology for elimination of VOCs and odorous compound from low-concentration, high-volume waste gas streams because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. It can be appled to the treatment of gases from publicly owned treatment works, composting facilities, landfill sites, and soil vapor extraction systems. The ability to design an effective biofilter system involves a combination of fundamental biofilter knowledge, practical experience, and bench- and pilot-scale testing. The objective of this paper was to review principle, design parameters, operational conditions, case studies, and economy of biofiltration through literature.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.36-46
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• 1984

In order to investigate the inhibitory index (I) and the effects of hot water extraction treatments and addition of accelerators on the index in hardening of Korean lignocellulosics, portland cement (Type I) and water system, hydration tests were carried out on 8 Korean lignocellulosics, namely, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, Larix leptoiepis, Populus alba-glandulosa, rice husk and rice stalk with or without hot water extraction or chemical additives. The inhibitory index of Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida found to be suitable under limited conditions for composite without any treatment. With hot water treatment rice husk, Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis, and A hies holophylla were reclassified from not suitable to suitable under limited conditions. Combining hot water extraction with chemical addition of accelerator, calcium chloride of magnesium chloride, Populus alba-glandulosa, Larix leptolepis, and Pinus rigida became highly suitable.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 1998

This study was peformed to improve extraction of insoluble proteins and to evaluate funtional properties of abolished proteins by the phytase produced by Asporgillus sp. The optimum pH, temperature, treatment time and unit of the enzyme for extraction of protein were pH 4.0~5.0, $50^{\circ}C$, 8~10 hrs and 120 units. The foaming capacity and foaming stability of sesame meal protein after enzyme treatment were virtually unchanged as compared to control. The emulsion capacity and emulsion stability of sesame meal protein was higher than control. Oil absorption as well as water absorption capacities of sesame meal protein were higher than control.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2010

This study sought to optimize the extraction and enzymatic treatment conditions of Panax ginseng leaves, stems, and roots for the production of fermented ginseng. The optimization enhanced the extraction of total saccharide, a nutrient and growth-activating factor for Lactobacillus bacteria. The hydrolysis of ginseng leaves, stems, and roots was tested with eight enzymes (Pentopan, Promozyme, Celluclast, Ultraflo, Pectinex, Ceremix, Viscozyme, and Tunicase). The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were statistically optimized by the experimental design. Optimal particle size of ginseng raw material was <0.15 mm, and optimal hydrolysis occurred at a pH of 5.0-5.5, a reaction temperature of 55-$60^{\circ}C$, a Ceremix concentration of 1%, and a reaction time of 2 hr. Ceremix produced the highest dry matter yield and total saccharide extraction. Ginseng leaves were found to be the most suitable raw material for the production of fermented ginseng because they have higher carbohydrate and crude saponin contents than ginseng roots.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.895-901
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• 1998

To extract insoluble proteins and improve functional properties of sesame meal proteins was treated with phytase and protease from Aspergillus sp. It was found that the optimum pH, optimum temperature, optimum treatment time and optimum unit of enzyme for extraction of protein were pH $10{\sim}12$ (alkaline), $60^{\circ}C$, 11 hr. and 900 units of phytase and 60 units of protease, respectively. The foaming capacity, foaming stability, oil absorption and water absorption of sesame meal protein after treatment with phytase and protease were increased as compared to the control.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.3 s.62
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• pp.411-420
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• 1997

The propose of this study was to quantify the changes of soft tissue profile following orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the relationship of those to the skeletal elements. Pre-and post-treatment lateral cephalometric head films of 40 cases(20 extraction cases, 20 non-extraction cases) were traced, and the changes following treatment were measured and quantified by digital subtraction method, and statisticall analyzed. The obtained results were as follows; 1. in extraction group, the change of upper lip area(UL) was $558.60\pm355.17$ pixels, that of lower lip area(LL) was $941.15\pm364.07$ pixels. But, in non-extraction group the change of uper lip area(UL) was $125.65\pm404.16$ pixels, that of lower lip area(LL) was $104.05\pm440.93$ pixels, which was significantly lesser than those in extraction group. 2. In extraction group, there was significant correlationship between upper lip area change(UL) and difference of upper incisor point(${\Delta}UIP$). Lower lip area change(LL) was significantly correlated with difference of upper incisor(${\Delta}UIP$), difference of Franlrfort upper incisor angle(${\Delta}FUIA$) or difference of interincisal angle(${\Delta}IIA$). 3. In extraction group, the ratio of difference of upper incisor point(${\Delta}UIP$) to difference of labrale superius(${\Delta}LSP$) was 1.68; difference of lower incisor point(${\Delta}LIP$) to difference of labrale inferius(${\Delta}LI$) was 1.19; difference of upper incisor point(${\Delta}UIP$) to increment in upper lip thickness(${\Delta}TUL$) was 1.95. 4. In non-extraction group, there was a significant correlationship between upper lip area change(UL) and difference of upper incisor point(${\Delta}UIP$).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2014

Transposition is a unique and extreme form of ectopic eruption where a tooth develops and erupts in a position, normally occupied by an adjacent tooth. Generally, three treatment options are available when the maxillary canine and first premolar are transposed. In the first treatment option, the transposed position of the teeth can be maintained such that the first premolar is moved to the position of the canine. Second, extraction of the maxillary first premolar can be considered. Third, the position of the transposed teeth can be corrected such that their normal positions in the arch are restored. Factors that should be considered in treatment modality decision include function, occlusion, periodontal support, treatment time, patient cooperation, and esthetic demands. This report describes cases of maxillary canine-premolar transposition treated with each of the three aforementioned treatment options. In the first case, transposed teeth were arranged in their transposed position. The second case was an extraction case. In the third case, orthodontic treatment and surgical repositioning were conducted.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.187-191
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• 1998

Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by general lack of bone marrow activity; It may affect not only the red blood cells but also the white blood cells and platelets, resulting in pancytopenia. Spontaneous gingival hemorrhage is present in some cases and it is related to the blood platelet deficiency. This case report presents the periodontal treatment of a patient with aplastic anemia. A 43-year-old female was referred for continuous gingival bleeding after periodontal treatment. Periodontal findings revealed generalized gingival imflammation, oozing of blood from gingival crevice, and it was diagnosed as adult periodontitis. Root planing and extraction of the upper left third molar with poor prognosis were put into operation after elevation of the platelet count with platelet transfusion. The extraction socket was sutured with 3-0 silk. Bleeding continued even after digital compression at the upper right second premolar, second molar, and left canine areas, which presented severe inflammation. Although platelets were transfused repeatedly, platelet count did not stay elevated since survival rate of the transfused platelets were low due to alloimmunization. Thrombin gauze packing was not effective. Bleeding ceased 3 days after treatment with transfusion of donor platelets. 20 days after the treatment, the gingiva was generally healthy except upper right second premolar and lateral incisor areas. The result of periodontal treatment was good, but bleeding control after treatment was troublesome. In the periodontal treatment of patient with aplastic anemia, elevation of the platelet count with platelet transfusion seems to be the best method for hemorrhage control.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.310-318
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to identify possible risk factors for external apical root resorption (EARR) in the maxillary incisors after orthodontic treatment. Methods: The root length of 2,173 maxillary incisors was measured on periapical radiographs of 564 patients who received orthodontic treatment. The Kappa test was performed to evaluate intraexaminer and interexaminer reproducibility. Multiple binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between EARR and various factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported. Results: The risk of developing EARR was 70% higher in orthodontic treatment with maxillary premolar extraction (p = 0.004), 58% higher in patients with increased overjet (p = 0.012), 41% lower in two-phase orthodontic treatment (p = 0.037), and 33% lower in patients with deep bite (p = 0.039). The lateral incisors were 54% more likely to develop EARR (p < 0.001), dilacerated roots were 2.26 times more likely to develop EARR (p < 0.001), and for each additional millimeter of root length, the risk of EARR increased by 29% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The potential risk factors for EARR after orthodontic treatment included treatment with maxillary premolar extraction, increased overjet at the beginning of treatment, and dilacerated roots.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2012

The study indicated that antimicrobial activity about gram positive and gram negative bacteria of ginger-oleoresin(GO) extract with the condition of ethanol and supercritical fluid extractions. As the concentration of extraction increases, the clear zone of GO ethanol extract also increased dependently. This led the antimicrobial activity of gram positive bacteria to take bigger place than gram negative bacteria especially in Listeria monocytogenes. There was a high antimicrobial activity in E-III treatment where the ratio of the ginger powder extract to ethanol extraction was 1:6. It was quite effective to treat the antimicrobial activity of GO ethanol extract under $80^{\circ}C$ and there was not big difference in the intervals which were the extraction time - 1 to 7 hours. The antimicrobial activity of supercritical fluid extract seemed to take the biggest place in Listeria monocytogenes. From the supercritical fluid extract, it was shown the strong ability of antimicrobial activity in the condition with 100 bar $35^{\circ}C$, 250 bar $35^{\circ}C$ and 250 bar $65^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, according to the case of solvent extract, there was not any significant difference in the antimicrobial activity with condition of extraction. However, there was significant antimicrobial activity in E-III treatment of 100 bar and 500 bar of extraction pressure, and $35^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature.